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Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2004, 13 (3): 203-206.   Abstract （298）      PDF （714KB）（777）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation analysis between anxiety level of patients before dental implantation and STAI scale in 138 consecutive patients CHANG Zhong-fu, JIANG Dan-dan, ZHANG Shi-kun, CAI Jian-ying, ZHANG Zhi-rong, ZHANG Li-hua Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2021, 30 (6): 663-666.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.020 Abstract （270）      PDF （550KB）（349）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between preoperative anxiety and state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) in patients undergoing dental implant surgery. METHODS: From February 2018 to May 2021, 138 patients undergoing implant restoration in People's Hospital of Shanghai Pudong District were selected as the study subjects. Modified version of Croa's modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS), dental fear scale(DFS) and STAI questionnaire were used as the research tools. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on selected patients to analyze the prevalence and influencial factors of anxiety in patients with dental implantation. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: The selected patients had an MDAS score of more than 12, accounting for 59.42% (82/138). Among them, gender, income, oral health self-assessment, whether it was the first visit, and previous implantation experience were significant influencial factors(P<0.05); the patients' MDAS score and DFS score were positively correlated with S-AI scale(P<0.05), but not correlated with T-AI. CONCLUSIONS: Patients before dental implantation are susceptible to anxiety. There are many factors influencing the level of anxiety, and they are positively correlated with S-AI. Dentists should pay attention to the anxiety state of patients before dental implantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of two different flap designs in removal of impacted wisdom tooth HE Jin-quan,OUYANG Ke-xiong,ZHANG Qing-bin,ZHOU Miao,YANG Zi-nan,PIAO Zheng-guo Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2015, 24 (2): 224-227.   Abstract （519）   HTML （3）    PDF （990KB）（983）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two different flap designs on surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. METHODS: Four hundred patients who required removal of impacted mandibular third molars were included in the study. They were divided into group A and group B randomly. Patients in group A received distal incision flap and group B underwent angular incision flap. The effect of flap design on surgical time, incidence of dry socket, pain, swelling and trismus was evaluated postoperatively. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: The surgical time was longer in group A than in group B 3 days postoperatively. Facial swelling and trismus were less in group A than in group B 3 days postoperatively. There was no significant difference in two groups 7 days postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The distal incision flap design can release facial swelling and trismus in surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Cited: Baidu(2)

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Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2008, 17 (3): 293-296.   Abstract （316）      PDF （717KB）（612）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical efficacy of the combination of miniscrew with clear aligner in controlling the roller coaster effect MA Xiao-qing, XIANG Fei, FAN Ming-yue, SONG Yi, WANG Xiao-hui, ZHANG Ling, QIAN Wen-hao Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2022, 31 (2): 193-197.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.02.015 Abstract （652）      PDF （1173KB）（597）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of miniscrew in controlling the roller coaster effect in long-distance space closure with clear aligner. METHODS: Sixteen adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion were selected. All cases were treated with clear aligner and their four first premolars were extracted. G6 was designed in all cases. In the experimental group, four miniscrews were inserted at the beginning of treatment to control the teeth in three dimensions; while in the control group, the miniscrews were not applied until obvious roller coaster effect appeared. Paired t test was used to analyze the data with Graphpad Prism 6.0 software package. RESULTS: All the extraction space was closed successfully and the lateral profile was improved significantly. The torque of the upper incisor was under well control and no roller coaster effect happened in the experimental group; while in the control group, the lingual inclination of the upper incisors and open bite of the posterior teeth developed(P<0.05). After the miniscrews intrusion of the upper anterior teeth, the occlusion relationship improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Miniscrews effectively prevents and eliminates the roller coaster effect in the process of long-distance space closure with clear aligner. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Use of fiber-reinforced chemical curing resin to close the inter-proximate space of the posterior teeth GUO Feng-qin,DING Xiao-hong,LIU Qi-ling,GENG Qi Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2015, 24 (2): 215-218.   Abstract （286）   HTML （3）    PDF （1116KB）（465）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of using fiber-reinforced chemical curing resin to close the inter-proximate space of the posterior teeth and block the food impaction. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-two patients with food impaction of posterior teeth were selected in this study. The total number of the food impaction was 170. They were divided into narrow-gap group and wide-gap group according to the damage of the inter-proximate space. Jingjin enamel adhesive reinforced polyethylene fiber ribbon was used in both group to close the inter-proximate space. The patients were reviewed at 6-month and 1-year. After the second follow-up examination, 161 restorations of 154 patients were included in this study. The differences between the 2 groups were analyzed by Chi-square test with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: Statistical differences were found in the retention rate of the restorations at 6-month between the 2 groups (P<0.05). The retention rate in the narrow-gap group was significantly lower than that in the wide-gap group. However, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups at 1-year. There was no significant difference in integrality between the 2 groups at 6-month and 1-year. CONCLUSIONS: The use of fiber-rein forced chemical curing resin to close the inter-proximate space of the posterior teeth and block the food impaction is more suitable for patients with clinical crown elongation, gingival recession, alveolar bone loss and the tissue damages in the inter-proximate space, which will cause food impaction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2003, 12 (3): 229-231.   Abstract （294）      PDF （578KB）（225）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2005, 14 (6): 582-585.   Abstract （471）      PDF （845KB）（624）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2003, 12 (3): 218-220.   Abstract （272）      PDF （4426KB）（628）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2010, 19 (6): 575-578.   Abstract （112）      PDF （581KB）（490）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Effectiveness of 3 different methods in prevention of dental caries in permanent teeth among children TANG Li-hong1, SHI Le1, YUAN Shuang1, LV Jin1, LU Hai-xia2 Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2014, 23 (6): 736-739.   Abstract （247）   HTML （11）    PDF （537KB）（710）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of fluoride vanish, fluoride foam, pit and fissure sealant with fluoride in prevention of dental caries, and investigate appropriate approach to prevent dental caries at schools. METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical trial with 4 parallel groups was conducted. Totally 1016 children from 4 schools and 33 classes with a mean age of 7 to 8 years were included. They were randomly allocated into 4 groups: ① fluoride vanish, semi-annual application; ② fluoride foam, semi-annual application; ③ resin sealant, single placement; and ④ placebo control with oral hygiene instruction. Follow-up examinations were conducted after 2 years to monitor dental caries increment of first molars among these children. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: Two years later, 977 children (96.2%) were examined. The results of multiple factor ANCOVA showed that fluoride vanish and resin sealant had significantly lower mean dental caries increment on tooth surface compared with control group (P<0.05). No significant difference of mean dental caries increment on tooth surface was found between fluoride foam and control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The placement of resin sealant with fluoride and annual application of fluoride protector are effective in prevention of dental caries in permanent teeth of children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A correlation study between the occlusal cant and temporomandibular joint space in patients with mandibular lateral deviation LI Shuang, XIAO Rong-rong, WANG Ming-feng Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (3): 318-323.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.03.019 Abstract （194）      PDF （1159KB）（211）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between the occlusal canting and the bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space in adult and juvenile mandibular deviation patients and study the mutual influence between the occlusal canting and mandibular position, in order to provide references for clinical treatment. METHODS: CBCT data of mandibular deviation patients（20 adults,20 juveniles）were selected. Inivo5 Dental Anatomage software was used to reconstruct the structures. The occlusal cant and vertical height of the bilateral maxillary from canines to first molars were measured, and the vertical heights difference between the same teeth on both sides was calculated. The anterior, superior and posterior space of temporomandibular joint were measured respectively in both groups. Pearson correlation analysis between the occlusal canting and bilateral condylar space was carried out by using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: In the juvenile group, negative correlations were found between the occlusal cant and the superior TMJ space on the deviated side (P<0.05). Negative correlation was found between the vertical height difference of bilateral canines and the anterior TMJ space on the deviated side in the juvenile group(P<0.05). In the adult group, no significant correlation was observed among those correlated examination (P>0.05). CONCLUSONS: The occlusal canting is moderately correlated with mandibular position in the early stage of mandibular deviation patients. Early treatment of mandibular deviation is of great importance in preventing its progression into severe skeletal malocclusion, and more attention should be paid on the correction of the canted frontal occlusion plane. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2011, 20 (1): 62-65.   Abstract （107）      PDF （1374KB）（732）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolomics study on the difference of tongue coating metabolites between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individual LIMAN Aviella-nathania, ZHU Hong-lai, YANG Wen-jie, YE Wei Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (5): 525-531.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.014 Abstract （253）      PDF （1306KB）（239）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To analyze the difference of metabolites of tongue coating between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individuals by untargeted metabolomics, and to explore significant differences in metabolites of intra-oral halitosis as biomarkers. METHODS: The untargeted metabolomics of tongue coating samples from 12 patients with intra-oral halitosis and 12 healthy individuals were studied by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The value of variable importance in projection >1 and P<0.05 of Student's t test in the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis model were used as the criteria to screen and determine the differential metabolites. RESULTS: There were differences in the metabolites of tongue coating between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individuals, and 11 different metabolites were identified. They were valyl-arginine, glycine-phenylalanine, tryptophyl-proline, deoxyadenosine, 4,5-dihydroniveusin A, N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan, paramethasone acetate, cyclopentanol, [(2-hexylcyclopentylidene) amino]thiourea, L-pipecolic acid and taurine. In the intra-oral halitosis group, the expressions of Glycine-phenylalanine and N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan were significantly up-regulated, while the expressions of taurine were significantly down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the metabolites of tongue coating between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individuals. The differential metabolites with diagnostic value may be used as diagnostic markers of intra-oral halitosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the efficacy of 70% ethanol in removing calcium hydroxide in curved root canals HAN Yan-yan, WU Tian-tian, HE Hong Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (5): 461-465.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.003 Abstract （108）      PDF （789KB）（135）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT) in removing calcium hydroxide from posterior curved root canals. METHODS: Twenty molar teeth (48 root canals) extracted at the Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between December 2023 and February 2024 were collected. After preparing by Ni-TI instruments M3 according to standard root canal treatment procedures, calcium hydroxide was injected into the root canals. One week later, the samples were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=8) based on different irrigation methods: sodium hypochlorite group, 17% EDTA group and 70% ethanol group. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups with or without sonic vibration. Micro-CT was used to reconstruct the root canal system before and after irrigation, with independent root canals marked using different colors. The root canals were categorized as upper segment, middle segment, and apical segment. The volume of calcium hydroxide in each segment was calculated, and the clearance rate of calcium hydroxide in each segment was compared. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Calcium hydroxide could not be completely removed from any of the 6 groups tested. The removal efficiency of calcium hydroxide by ethanol in the apical region was higher than that achieved by other two groups(P<0.05). In the ethanol subgroup, there was no significant difference in removal efficiency between sonic vibration and syringe techniques(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using 70% ethanol enhances the removal efficiency of calcium hydroxide in curved root canal. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The orthodontic therapeutic principles for malocclusions concurring with temporomandibular joint disorders SHEN Gang Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2021, 30 (4): 337-343.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.04.001 Abstract （764）      PDF （2978KB）（846）       Knowledge map    The biological nature of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) featuring adaptive remodeling allows for TMJ structural changes in response to external stimuli, including alterations in occlusion and in mandibular posture. Correlative susceptibility exists between malocclusions and TMJ disorders (TMD), evidenced by high incidence of TMD coinciding with skeletal originated malocclusion with facial prognathsim (Angle Class I skeletal II high angle). Clinical manifestations include markedly retruded mandible together with increased overjet, or mandibular transverse deviation, due to condylar pathological resorption. It is critically imperative to execute differential diagnosis between the routine malocclusions and those infringed with TMD. The prime stipulations governing the orthodontic procedures include the patient's notification of the existential TMD conditions prior to any orthodontic interventions, close inspections of TMD developments during the treatment, and a specially designed retention protocol aftermath. For the cases where severe overjet and mandibular displacement occur as a result of TMD, some specific orthopedic modalities can be implemented to improve the occlusion by restoring the shifted mandible. TMD conditions are also expected to be relieved with mandibular repositioning, which encourages new bone formation in the degraded condyles. The newly developed clear version of orthopedic appliances, namely, S8-SGTB, S8-SGHB, S9 and S10 are of promising efficacy in treating this category of patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of rat allogeneic BMSCs-Bio-Oss-bFGF compound on tooth extraction healing: a micro-CT study JIANG Yin-hua, SHANG Yu, ZOU Duo-hong, CHEN Lu, FEI Chen-yan, LIANG Kai Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2022, 31 (1): 38-43.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2022.01.008 Abstract （350）      PDF （824KB）（276）       Knowledge map    PRUPOSE: To investigate the effect of a compound of BMSCs-Bio-Oss-bFGF on microstructure of extraction sockets in rats. METHODS: Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from bone marrow of 3-week SD rats by adherent method. Maxillary posterior teeth of 36 6-week SD rats were extracted and materials were implanted into sockets according to grouping. The rats were divided into 4 groups: compound group with implanting BMSCs-Bio-Oss-bFGF compound, powder group with implanting Bio-Oss, BMSCs group with implanting BMSCs, and control group without implanting any materials. The sockets were scanned by micro-CT 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after implantation. Two-way ANOVA was used to assess whether there was significant difference between groups with GraphPad Prism 6.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference among groups in bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular separation(Tb.Sp), trabecular thickness(Tb.Th), degree of anisotropy(DA), and trabecular number(Tb.N) 4 weeks after implantation. By 12 weeks, BMD of compound group was significantly greater than those of BMSCs group, powder group and control group (P<0.05), and significantly greater than those of powder group and control group at 24 weeks (P<0.05). Tb.Th of compound group was significantly greater than that of BMSCs group at 12 and 24 weeks(P<0.05). DA had no significant difference among groups at 4, 12, and 24 weeks (P>0.05). Tb.Sp of compound group was significantly smaller than those of powder group, BMSCs group and control group at 24 weeks(P<0.05). Tb.N of compound group was significantly greater than those of BMSCs group and control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The compound of rat allogeneic BMSCs-Bio-Oss-bFGF improves socket healing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibition of connexin 43-mediated hemichannel activity promotes odontoblast differentiation of human dental pulp cells induced by lipopolysaccharide ZHANG An-ni, DING Can-can, HUANG Li-ping, LI Shi-ting Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (1): 22-29.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.01.004 Abstract （240）      PDF （2155KB）（226）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the role and mechanism of connexin 43（Cx43）in odontoblast differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS: The maxillary first molar injury model of SD rats was established. The expression pattern of Cx43 in dental pulp repair after injury was detected by immunofluorescence(IF) staining. hDPCs was respectively stimulated with 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1 000 ng/mL LPS for 6 h to screen the optimal concentration, and then the expression of Cx43 was inhibited and overexpressed in hDPCs. Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) and Western blot(WB) were used to detect the expression of Cx43 and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dental matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), osterix (Osx) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Furthermore, hDPCs were treated with specific Cx43 channel inhibitors to investigate the effect of Cx43-mediated channel activity in odontoblast differentiation of hDPCs, and to explore the role and mechanism of Cx43 in regulating odontoblast differentiation of hDPCs induced by LPS. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: IF results showed that Cx43 was mainly expressed in the odontoblast layer in healthy dental pulp tissues. At 3-24 h after tooth injury, the expression of Cx43 decreased and then gradually increased to the normal level; from 3 days to 2 weeks after injury, the expression of Cx43 tended to be down-regulated which was in the odontoblast layer and pulp proper. The expression of DSPP mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the hDPCs stimulated with 10 ng/mL LPS for 6 h(P<0.01). Inhibition of Cx43 significantly up-regulated the expression of DSPP, DMP-1 and Osx mRNA induced by LPS in hDPCs(P<0.05), while overexpression of Cx43 obviously inhibited the expression of factors related to LPS-induced odontoblast differentiation(P<0.01) and the fluorescence intensity of DSPP. 10 ng/mL LPS activated ERK signal in hDPCs, and overexpression of Cx43 significantly attenuated the activity of ERK signal induced by LPS(P<0.01). Inhibition of Cx43-mediated hemichannel (HC) promoted mRNA expression of factors related to odontoblast differentiation in hDPCs and the activity of ERK signal induced by LPS(P<0.05), while blocking Cx43-mediated gap junction channel (GJC) inhibited odontoblast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Cx43 participates in the regulation of dental pulp repair after injury, and its expression shows a downward trend as a whole. Inhibition of Cx43 or blocking of HC promotes LPS-induced ERK signal activity and odontoblast differentiation of hDPCs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of laser combined with periodontal basic treatment on periodontal indices, subgingival microflora, adiponectin, MMP-13 and IL-1β in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontitis ZHANG Zhong-yue, CHEN Li, YAN Na, ZHANG Shu-hua Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (3): 295-300.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.03.015 Abstract （168）      PDF （785KB）（146）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of laser combined with periodontal basic treatment on periodontal indices, subgingival flora, adiponectin, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in patients with periodontitis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 100 patients with periodontitis diagnosed and treated in Hengshui People's Hospital from December 2022 to July 2023. According to treatment methods, the patients were divided into control group (n=51) and experimental group (n=49). The control group received periodontal basic treatment, and the experimental group received laser treatment on the basis of the control group. The periodontal indexes, subgingival microflora, adiponectin, MMP-13, IL-1β and bone metabolic factors of gingival crevicular fluid before and after treatment were compared between the two groups, as well as the clinical therapeutic effect. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: After treatment, probing depth(PD), bleeding on probing(BOP), gingival index(GI) and plaque index (PLI) in the experimental group were lower than before treatment (P<0.05), PD, BOP and PLI in the control group were lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and PD, BOP, GI and PLI in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Bacteroides in both groups were significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, adiponectin in gingival crevicular fluid increased in both groups compared with before treatment(P<0.05), and MMP-13 and IL-1β in gingival crevicular fluid decreased in both groups compared with before treatment (P<0.05), and adiponectin in gingival crevicular fluid in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), MMP-13 and IL-1β in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, procollagenⅠtype N-terminal peptide (PINP), cross linked C-telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen(CXT) and bone glaprotein (BGP) were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Laser combined with periodontal basic treatment can effectively improve periodontal indexes, reduce subgingival flora, increase the levels of adiponectin and bone metabolic factor in gingival crevicular fluid, reduce the levels of MMP-13 and IL-1β in gingival crevicular fluid, and improve the clinical therapeutic effect in patients with periodontitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study on the effect of glass fiber post and metal post in restoration of anterior tooth defect WU Xue-ying, YE Ye, ZHONG Qun Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2020, 29 (3): 325-328.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.019 Abstract （415）      PDF （755KB）（673）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To analyze the effect and long-term success rate of using glass fiber post or metal post in restoration of anterior tooth defect. METHODS: One hundred and fifty cases with anterior tooth defects were chosen after root canal therapy in our hospital. According to different material being chosen, the patients were divided into fiber post group and metal post group with 75 cases in each group. Local gingival sulcus fluid (GCF) levels and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in gingival sulcus liquid were measured and compared 4 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years after restoration. Restoration integrity, edge fitness and color matching of two groups were compared after follow-up for 3 years. The data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: Four weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after restoration, local GCF, ALP levels significantly elevated in both groups. The fiber post group showed more significant elevated levels of GCF and ALP than the metal post group (P<0.05). After 2 and 3 years, the difference between the two groups was not significant. The gingival color matching degrees were significantly better in the glass fiber post group after 1 year compared with that in the metal post group(P<0.05). The success rate of metal post group was significantly higher than that of fiber post group 3 years after restoration(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Fiber post and metal post both have satisfactory restoration result for tooth defect in anterior teeth area. However, the use of precious metal alloy post may reduce the possibility of microleakage between tooth-prosthesis surfaces. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics