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25 February 2025, Volume 34 Issue 1 Previous Issue   

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Effect of gingipain extracts on anxiety-like behavior in mice ZHAO Xu-ri, JIANG Yi-ting, ZHANG Huan-yu, XU Li-na, HE Zhi-yan, ZHOU Wei 2025, 34 (1):  1-6.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.001 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (1119KB) ( 4 )   PURPOSE: To observe the effect of gingipain extracts on anxiety-like behavior in mice. METHODS: Gingipain extracts were derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) ATCC33277 by sonication and ultra-speed centrifugation and identified by Western blot and enzyme activity assay. Gingipains infection models were established by intraperitoneal injection of gingipain extracts with/without iodoacetamide (IAM). Enzyme activity assays were used to detect the activity of arginine-gingipain (Rgp) and lysine-gingipain (Kgp) in plasma of mice. Open field experiments and elevated zero maze experiments were used to detect anxiety-like behavior in mice. Immunofluorescence staining of brain tissue slices was used to observe changes in astrocytes of the brain. GraphPad Prism software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The gingipain extracts were collected from P. gingivalis ATCC33277 and they showed Rgp and Kgp activity. The activity of Rgp and Kgp could be detected in mice plasma after intraperitoneal injection of gingipain extracts. Compared with the control group, there were no significant changes in the autonomous activity ability of the gingipain group mice. In the open field experiment, the central area staying time of the gingipain groups was significantly reduced(P<0.05). In the elevated zero maze experiment, the open area frequency of the gingipain groups was obviously shortened(P<0.05). Anxiety-like behavior was significantly enhanced. Immunofluorescence staining showed that gingipain extracts could significantly activate astrocytes in the hippocampus of mice. The above results could be significantly alleviated by gingipain inhibitor IAM. CONCLUSIONS: Gingipain extracts could induce anxiety-like behavior in mice, which may be related to neuroinflammation due to activation of astrocytes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene expression profiling analysis of stress-sensitive genes and their potential functions in myoblasts ZHENG Yao, YU Shao-yang, YAN Xiao, LI Jian-ping, ZHANG Qiang, YUAN Xiao 2025, 34 (1):  7-13.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.002 Abstract ( 8 )   PDF (1662KB) ( 5 )   PURPOSE: To screen the stress-sensitive genes in myoblasts and reveal the potential target genes and their regulatory mechanisms of facial muscle remodeling induced by functional orthopaedic force. METHODS: The procedure involved the use of gene microarray technology to identify the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) in myoblasts. DEGs were then categorized by Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) was used to verify the DEGs. Western blot, transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM) were employed to detect the effect of stress on autophagy in myoblasts. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: A total of 1 410 DEGs were identified in stretched myoblasts, with 788 up-regulated and 622 down-regulated genes. GO enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were primarily involved in signal transduction, biopolymer metabolic process, and protein metabolic process. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were primarily associated with ECM-receptor interaction, pathway in cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, focal adhesion and lysosome. Both TEM and CLSM showed that stress could promote the formation of autophagosomes, and Western blot demonstrated that stress could promote the expression of autophagy-related molecules Beclin-1 and LC3-II. Rapamycin could enhance all the above processes, while 3-MA could inhibit them. CONCLUSIONS: Autophagy may play an important role in the regulation of myoblast fate induced by cyclic tensile stress. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study of GBE50 on facial nerve after being crushed in rabbits LU Hai-bin, ZHANG Bing-bing, YU Hui, WANG Yu-e, WU Shu-jiang, WANG Qiu-xu 2025, 34 (1):  14-18.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.003 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (1821KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To compare the regeneration and repair effects of GBE50 and mecobalamin on facial nerve crush injury. METHODS: Forty healthy Japan giant ear rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups,namely GBE50 treatment group, mecobalamin treatment group, normal control group and model control group. Each group contained 10 rabbits. Superior buccal branch of facial nerve cursh injured models were established for 2 treatment groups and model control group, while facial incision was made without crush injuries of facial nerve for normal control group. The treatment group was given GBE50 and mecobalamin respectively, while the control group was only given 1 mL of normal saline, respectively. After 28 days of treatment, rabbits' facial injured beard and orbicularis oris muscle movements were observed, neuroelectrophysiological tests, histomorphological observation, and image analysis were performed, facial nerve regeneration and functional recovery were detected. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: In the model control group, the beard and orbicularis oris muscle movement recovery of rabbits were the worst, but GBE50 treatment group showed better recovery than mecobalamin treatment group. The action potential latency in GBE50 group was lower than the mecobalamin group, and significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). The action potential amplitude of GBE50 group was higher than that of mecobalamin group, and significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). Image analysis result of never myelinated axons area and axon counts of GBE50 group was higher than that of mecobalamin group, and significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: GBE50 is superior to mecobalamin in efficacy and speed of facial nerve repair, and it is expected to become another therapeutic drug for rapid and effective treatment of facial nerve injury in clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite element simulation of distally moving mandibular molars by sequence with clear aligner KANG Fu-jia, CUI Yu-chen, WANG Song-qing, WU Yu-miao, YU Lei, ZHU Xian-chun 2025, 34 (1):  19-24.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.004 Abstract ( 8 )   PDF (1488KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To construct a finite element model of the mandibular molars distalization with clear aligner, and to explore the characteristics of dentition movement and aligner deformation. METHODS: The models of mandible, teeth, periodontal membrane and clear aligne were constructed using CBCT and oral scan data, and were divided into 8 groups according to the starting position of the second and first molar teeth. Working condition 1-4: the distance between the second molar and the first molar was 0, 1, 2, 3 mm, respectively. Working condition 5-8: the second molar had moved far to the target position of 3.2 mm, and the distance between the first molar and the second premolar was 0, 1, 2 and 3 mm, respectively. "Two-step method" was used to simulate the loading of the clear aligner and set the distance of the step to 0.2 mm, the characteristics of dental displacement and appliance shape change in each working condition were analyzed. RESULTS: Under each working condition, the molar with pseudo-remote displacement showed tilt movement of the crown to the far, and the other teeth showed reverse tilt movement. As the initial position of the pseudo-distant molar changed to the distal, the distal movement of the pseudo-distant molar increased. In working condition 4, the maximum displacement of the second molar was 0.11 mm, and in working condition 8, the maximum displacement of the first molar was 0.10 mm. The change trend of the Von Mises equivalent stress value of the periodontal membrane of the pretended distalization teeth was similar to that of the displacement. CONCLUSIONS: Clear aligner can complete distal movement of molar teeth, but the amount of movement cannot reach the expected value. As the initial position of the molars changed to the distal, the distance displacement will increase. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and application of organoid radiological model of patient-derived salivary gland malignant tumors XU Feng, MENG Jian, CHEN Lin, CHEN Yin-yu, WANG Shou-peng 2025, 34 (1):  25-31.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.005 Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (2412KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To construct a brachytherapentic model of patient-derived salivary gland malignant tumor organoids, and evaluate the impact of 125I radioactive seeds intervention on the activity of different organoids, and explore the feasibility of using this model to guide clinical personalized treatment of salivary gland malignant tumors. METHODS: Biopsy specimens from patients with malignant salivary gland tumors including mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) and acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) from Xuzhou Central Hospital were collected, and 3D culture method was used to construct the organoid model. The expression levels of immunohistochemical indicators in salivary gland malignant tumor tissue samples and organoid samples were detected. Brachytherapentic model was constructed and the effect of different doses of 125I seeds on organoid activity were detected using 3D cell viability assay. The activity curves were plotted and the IC50 values were calculated. The data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 9.0 software. RESULTS: H-E staining results and immunohistochemical staining results identified homology between organoids and specimen tumors. The mean IC50 values of 125I seeds on 5 cases of salivary gland malignant tumor organoids (1 case of ACC, 2 cases of AciCC and 2 cases of MEC) were 8 508, 6 053, 5 203, 10 379 and 7 743 cGy, respectively. AciCC has a higher sensitivity to 125I seeds, and the sensitivity of 125I seeds varied among individuals of the same type of tumor. CONCLUSIONS: An in vitro tumor organoid culture platform has been established for specimens from patients with salivary gland malignant tumors, and its morphological, histological structure, and molecular marker expression are consistent with the characteristics of tumor cells in the original specimens. Intervention results indicated that the model has significant individualized differences, providing a theoretical basis and methodological reference for the effectiveness of 125I seeds in some patients with local, recurrent, advanced, poorly differentiated, or unresectable tumours. This model has the advantages of low cost, short modeling time, and high throughput detection. It can predict the patient's post-treatment response in vitro, guide risk assessment of malignant tumors in clinical practice, and establish personalized and precise treatment plans. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between maxillary anterior dental arch crowding and alveolar bone morphology, dental arch and alveolar arch morphology in adult females SHU Chuan-liang, JIANG Yu, CAI Jia 2025, 34 (1):  32-37.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.006 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (828KB) ( 4 )   PURPOSE: CBCT was used to measure and analyze the relationship between dental crowding degree and basal bone morphology, dental arch and alveolar arch morphology in adult female maxillary anterior teeth. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 122 adult female patients with maxillary anterior dental arch crowding who received orthodontic treatment at Qingdao Haici Hospital, Affiliated to Qingdao University, from December 2019 to December 2022. The patients were divided into two groups based on the degree of dental arch crowding: group I(mild crowding,maxillary dentition crowding degree ≤ 4 mm, n=62) and group II(moderate to severe crowding,maxillary dentition crowding degree 4-8 mm, n=60). The lengths and widths of the alveolar bones, dental arches and alveolar arches were compared between the two groups. The correlation between dental arch crowding and alveolar bone morphology, dental arch and alveolar arch morphology was analyzed. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: In group I (mild crowding), the maxillary basal bone length, mandibular basal bone length, maxillary basal bone width at the root apex and root bifurcation,mandibular basal bone width at the root apex and root bifurcation were significantly higher than group II(P<0.05). The maxillary dental arch length, mandibular dental arch length, maxillary dental arch width,mandibular dental arch width on the mesial and distal sides were significantly higher in group I than group II(P<0.05). The maxillary alveolar arch length and mandibular alveolar arch length in group I were significantly higher than group II (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in maxillary alveolar arch width and mandibular alveolar arch width between the two groups(P>0.05). The crowding degree of the dental arch was negatively correlated with the length of the maxillary and mandibular bases, the width of the maxillary and mandibular bases at the root bifurcation,and the width of the proximal maxillary and mandibular arches(P<0.05). The length of the maxillary base bone(OR=0.283, 95% CI: 0.128-0.625), the width of the maxillary base bone at the root bifurcation (OR=0.182, 95%CI: 0.083-0.402), the width of the proximal maxillary arch (OR=0.347, 95%CI: 0.158-0.766) and the width of the mandibular arch(OR=0.304, 95% CI: 0.137-0.669) were the influencing factors of dental congestion in the aesthetic area of adult female maxillary anterior teeth(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of basal bone, dental arch and alveolar arch are associated with crowded dentition in the maxillary anterior aesthetic zone of adult females. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 3D CT reconstruction in the prognostic evaluation of orthodontic treatment for skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion LIU Yuan, DING Li-li 2025, 34 (1):  38-42.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.007 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (787KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To explore the clinical value of 3D computed tomography (CT) reconstruction in the prognostic evaluation of orthodontic treatment for patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion. METHODS: A total of 48 patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion who received orthodontic treatment at the Department of Stomatology, Baoji People's Hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected. All patients underwent CBCT scans 1 week before treatment (T0), 1 month after treatment(T1) and 6 months after treatment(T2). 3D Slicer software was used for modeling, and Geomagic Qualify software was utilized for fitting alignment and measuring the three-dimensional movement distances of various landmarks on the maxilla and mandible. The coordinates of the landmarks at T1 and T2 were compared and analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between significant relapse landmarks. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: One month and six months post-treatment, changes in the horizontal coordinate of landmark Rgo and changes in the anteroposterior coordinates of landmarks A, RP, B, Pog, Gn, Me, Rgo and Lgo, as well as changes in the vertical coordinate of Gn were statistically significant(P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the horizontal movement distance of landmark Rgo from T1 to T0 and the relapse distance(r=0.293, P=0.043). There was a positive correlation between the anteroposterior movement distance of landmark A from T1 to T0 and the relapse distance(r=0.418, P=0.003), a positive correlation between the movement distance of RP from T1 to T0 and the relapse distance (r=0.470, P=0.001), a negative correlation between the movement distance of B from T1 to T0 and the relapse distance(r=-0.523, P=0.000), and a negative correlation between the movement distance of Pog from T1 to T0 and the relapse distance(r=-0.391, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional CT reconstruction can provide precise three-dimensional quantitative analysis for the prognostic assessment post-orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion. It helps identify landmarks with a high risk of relapse, thus providing more targeted postoperative treatment and monitoring strategies for clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application effect of A-PRF and CGF combined with nano-hydroxyapatite in external maxillary sinus lift implantation LIU Bing-yao, YU Xiao-dong, LI Cui-mei, SHANG Wei-hua 2025, 34 (1):  43-47.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.008 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (628KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of advanced platelet-rich fibrin(A-PRF) and concentrated growth factor(CGF) combined with nano-hydroxyapatite in external maxillary sinus lift implantation. METHODS: A total of 68 patients who underwent external maxillary sinus lift implantation from April 2023 to March 2024 at Taikang Xianlin Gulou Hospital were selected. They were randomly assigned to the control group(n=34, using Bio-Oss large particle bone graft material) and combined group(n=34, using A-PRF and CGF combined with nano-hydroxyapatite). Postoperative symptoms, bone levels, wound healing status, stability coefficient, mucosal healing, and complications were compared between the two groups. SPSS 27.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: At 1 month and 3 months after operation, the conscious symptom score in combination group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), bone mineral density, bone increment and bone height at 6 months after operation were significantly lower than those in the control group; ISQ value, keratinized gingiva width and thickness were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The primary healing rate I in combination group was higher than that in the control group, and the healing time was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse events between the combined and control groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of A-PRF and CGF with nano-hydroxyapatite significantly improves bone quality, enhances implant stability, and accelerates postoperative recovery in external maxillary sinus lift implantation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the aesthetic effect and influencing factors of digital guided implant prosthesis in the treatment of dentition defect LIN Yong, LIU Qing, ZHANG Jun-hua, CHANG Xiao-rong, HOU Dan 2025, 34 (1):  48-53.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.009 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (737KB) ( 4 )   PURPOSE: To explore the aesthetic effects and influencing factors of digital guided oral implant restoration in the treatment of dentition defect. METHODS: A total of 168 patients with dentition defect who underwent digital guided dental implant restoration from May 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the experimental group, while 84 patients with dentition defect who underwent routine restoration were selected as the control group. The planting accuracy(neck distance deviation, apical distance deviation, depth deviation and angle deviation), PES score and WES score were compared. The experimental group was divided into good group (n=139) and poor group (n=29) according to the repair effect. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the therapeutic effect of digital-guided oral implant prosthesis in patients with denture defects, and based on the risk factors, a risk nomogram prediction model for adverse therapeutic effect in patients with denture defects was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the nomogram to predict the AUC value, sensitivity and specificity of patients with dentition defect. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The neck distance deviation, root tip distance deviation, depth deviation and angle deviation in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The PES scores and WES scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group 6 months after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in gender, age, implant, cause of tooth loss, history of hypertension, drinking history, implant diameter, implant length and bone increment surgery between good and poor groups(P>0.05). There were significant differences in bone mineral density(BMD), diabetes mellitus, smoking history, probe depth and gingival sulcus bleeding index(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ bone mineral density(BMD), diabetes history, smoking history, gingival crevicular bleeding index ≥2 were the risk factors affecting the treatment effect of digital guided oral implant repair in patients with dental defect(P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that AUC of nomogram prediction model, bone mineral density of missing teeth, diabetes mellitus, smoking history and gingival sulcus bleeding index in predicting adverse treatment effect of patients with dentition defect were 0.846, 0.725, 0.487, 0.731 and 0.702; the sensitivity was 44.70%, 53.20%, 59.60% and 66.00%,the specificity was 90.20%, 92.20%, 85.60% and 76.50%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Digital-guided oral implant restoration has a relatively ideal effect in the treatment of dentition defects, which is conducive to improving implant accuracy and aesthetics. However, bone mineral density(BMD), diabetes history, smoking history and gingival crevicular bleeding index will affect the therapeutic effect. The prediction model based on these risk factors has a higher predictive efficacy in evaluating the therapeutic effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of saliva flow velocity, total protein and their relationship with dental plaque before and after orthodontic treatment LEI Jie, ZHU kun-kun, DU Feng-yun 2025, 34 (1):  54-58.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.010 Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (628KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship between the changes of saliva flow velocity, total protein and dental plaque before and after orthodontic treatment. METHODS: The clinical data of 80 patients who received orthodontic treatment in Huaibei Miners General Hospital from May 2021 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Six months after treatment, the patients were divided into low-level group (n=39) and high-level group (n=41) according to the median plaque index. The clinical data of the high-level group and the low-level group were compared to analyze the influencing factors of high dental plaque index in orthodontic patients. The predictive value of △saliva flow velocity(before treatment -after 6 months of treatment), △total protein and their combination on high dental plaque index in orthodontic patients was analyzed.SPSS 25.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Six months after treatment, the saliva flow velocity and total protein level of orthodontic patients were significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05). The soft scale index, △saliva flow velocity and △total protein level in high-level group were significantly higher than those in low-level group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that △saliva flow velocity(OR=4.604, 95%CI: 2.024-10.474) and △ total protein(OR=3.554, 95%CI: 1.562-8.084) were the influencing factors of high dental plaque index (P<0.05).The area under the curve (AUC) of △ saliva flow velocity, △total protein and their combination in predicting high dental plaque index in orthodontic patients were 0.803, 0.799 and 0.905 (P<0.05), respectively, and the AUC value of the combination was higher(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: △Saliva flow velocity and △total protein can be used to predict high dental plaque index after orthodontic treatment, and their combination has higher predictive value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic analysis and multidisciplinary treatment of a pedigree affected with autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta CUI Meng-juan, CHAI Li, ZHAI Qiang-lan, WANG Zheng-liang, XU Tong, CHEN Jie-yi, LIU Chao 2025, 34 (1):  59-67.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.011 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (2879KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the pathogenic gene of one Chinese family with autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta and to report multidisciplinary treatment process for two patients from this family, so as to provide guidance for genetic counseling and clinical treatment of hereditary amelogenesis imperfecta. METHODS: The clinical data and peripheral blood of the family members were collected. Whole-exome sequencing was performed, and candidate variants were filtered out by data analysis. The identified variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and protein three-dimensional structure prediction. RESULTS: Affected members of this hereditary family exhibited yellow-brown discoloration of the dental crowns, rough tooth surfaces, and enamel erosion, consistent with hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta. A nonsense mutation c.1363C>T(p.Gln455*) in exon 5 of the FAM83H gene was identified in the proband, her mother, and her sister; this mutation was predicted to cause a truncation of the FAM83H protein. This variant was not found in unaffected family members. After receiving multidisciplinary treatment based on orthodontics, the proband and her sister restored oral function and aesthetics. CONCLUSIONS: The nonsense variant of FAM83H caused hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta in this study is detected for the first time in a Chinese family. The results further validate the pathogenic variant involved in FAM83H leading to amelogenesis imperfecta. Patients with amelogenesis imperfecta can restore oral function and aesthetics through various orthodontic and restorative treatments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of autologous fat grafting in improving post-treatment skin fibrosis in 20 patients with oral cancer WANG Yu, QIAN Zhen, HOU Li-li, WANG Ming-yi 2025, 34 (1):  68-73.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.012 Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (1162KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of autologous fat grafting for treating cervical skin fibrosis in patients with oral cancer after neck dissection with or without radiotherapy. METHODS: A total of 20 patients who underwent oral cancer resection and neck dissection in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from October 2022 to July 2023 were enrolled, 7 patients were treated with radiotherapy after neck dissection and 13 patients were treated with neck dissection. According to the degree of face-neck depression, the range of fibrosis and the function of neck and shoulder, corresponding volume of autologous fat was used to fill the depression. Three months after treatment, the improvement of cervical skin fibrosis was evaluated in terms of scar improvement, shoulder and neck function, and quality of life. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The interval between the treatment of oral cancer and fat filling was 11-72 months, and the dose of fat grafting was 15-45 mL. There were no complications such as local induration, infection and necrosis in all patients. Three months after treatment, the results of Constant-Murley Score(CMS), neck fibrosis symptom(VAS), patient observer scar assessment scale(PSAS, OSAS) and FACE-Q quality of life score were better than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Autologous fat grafting can significantly improve the fibrosis of the neck skin after neck dissection with or without radiotherapy, and improve shoulder and neck dysfunction caused by surgery and radiotherapy. This method is worthy of clinical used because of the low rate of complication. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Abnormal characteristics of tongue consonants and their correlation with articulatory movement parameters in patients with tongue cancer after surgery YUAN Feng, LIU Lu-lu, LIANG Yue-yue, CAO Ming-ming, XU Zhi-hui, QIAN Chuan-ru, WANG Dong, ZHANG Kai 2025, 34 (1):  74-78.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.013 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (702KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To study the abnormal characteristics of tongue consonants and their correlation with articulatory movement parameters in patients with tongue cancer after operation. METHODS: A total of 119 patients with tongue cancer who received surgical treatment at First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from March 2019 to May 2023 were selected. The patients were divided into tongue margin group(n=38), tongue body group (n=40) and tongue base group(n=41). Twenty-five monosyllabic words in Huang Zhaoming-Han Zhijuan Vocabulary List for evaluating tongue consonants were used as speech assessment tools to evaluate the errors of each tongue consonant. The articulation speech measurement and training instrument were used to extract the second formants (F2) of the /i/ and /u/ vowels of the patients by linear predictive spectrum, and the articulation movement parameters such as tongue distance and F2i/F2u were calculated according to the formula. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The rate of tongue consonant error in each group was as follows: in tongue margin group, preapical sound (49.5%)> apical middle sound (27.8%)> apical postapical sound (17.5%)>lingual facial sound (9.4%)> lingual base sound (6.1%). In tongue body group, preapical sound (55.0%)> apical middle sound (47.1%) > apical postapical sound (25.4%)>lingual facial sound (12.1%)>lingual base sound (3.3%). In tongue base group, preapical sound (60.0%)>postapical sound (52.0%) >apical medium sound (51.9%)>lingual base sound (44.3%)>lingual facial sound (34.8%). The error frequency of tongue apex medium sound in tongue body group and tongue base group was significantly higher than that in tongue margin group, and the error frequency of tongue apex posterior sound, tongue surface sound and tongue base sound in tongue base group was significantly higher than that in tongue body group and tongue margin group(P<0.05). Tongue distance and F2i/F2u in tongue base group were significantly lower than those in tongue margin group and tongue body group, and tongue distance and F2i/F2u in tongue body group were significantly lower than those in tongue margin group(P<0.05). Tongue distance, F2i/F2u were significantly negatively correlated with the error frequency of apical midpoint, apical postpoint and base sound in all groups(r<0, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with tongue cancer after operation have abnormal tongue tip, and the most serious problem is the pretip. In clinical practice, objective parameters such as tongue distance and F2i/F2u can be used to quantitatively and indirectly evaluate the articulation status and dynamic rehabilitation effect of tongue cancer patients after surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of prosthetic wall made by orthodontic band in vital pulp therapy of young permanent teeth GUO Yu-ting, LI Hong, WU Hong-bin, TENG Qi, LIU Yan-yan, WANG Sun, CAI Chang-yu 2025, 34 (1):  79-82.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.014 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (652KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE:To investigate the clinical application value of making false wall with orthodontic band when a large area of tissue defects of young permanent teeth is subgingival level and vital pulp therapy is required. METHODS: A total of 60 cases of young permanent molars with large tissue defects to subgingival level and requiring vital pulp therapy were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. Orthodontic band was made in the experimental group, while traditional composite resin was used in the control group, rubber barrier was placed after the fabrication of the false wall. The clinical fabrication time, stability of the false wall after the use of rubber barrier and periodontal health conditions(SBI, GI, SPD) of the affected tooth before and after operation were compared between the two groups.Graph Pad Prism 5.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The fabrication time of the experimental group was (6.01±0.34) min, which was shorter than that of the control group (12.02±0.53) min, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). But the stability of the false wall and the influence on the periodontal health of the affected teeth were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For the cases of young permanent teeth with large area defects to subgingival and requiring vital pulp therapy, orthodontic band can shorten the fabrication time of false wall, provide relatively stable retention, with no significant effect on the periodontal status of the affected teeth in a short time. It can provide a new idea for the fabrication of false wall in pediatric dental clinical work. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of chair side CAD/CAM all ceramic crowns for restoration of posterior tooth defects ZUO Yang, XU Xiao-bo, LIU Lei, WANG Yu-ting 2025, 34 (1):  83-87.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.015 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (621KB) ( 4 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of chair side computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) crown restoration technique in the treatment of posterior tooth defects and its influence on chewing ability. METHODS: A total of 98 patients with posterior dental defects treated from June 2023 to May 2024 were selected and divided into control group (traditional silicone rubber impression crown repair) and experimental group (chair side CAD/CAM crown repair) according to different treatment methods. The repair effect, masticatory efficiency and bite force before and after treatment, periodontal index, complication rate and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: One month after treatment, there was no significant difference in comfort, edge fit, color matching and surface texture between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05). The experimental group was significantly better than the control group in adjacency contact, secondary caries prevention and gingival status (P<0.05). After treatment,gingival index and plaque buildup, gingival sulcus bleeding index, the degree of gum health improvement of loose tooth in the experimental group were significantly better than in the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups after treatment(P>0.05). Repair satisfaction of the experimental group was 96.15%, which was significantly higher than 86.96% of the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chair side CAD/CAM crown restoration technology has good application value in the treatment of patients with posterior dental defects, which can significantly improve the repair effect, improve chewing ability, effectively inhibit gingival inflammation and dental plaque generation, reduce the risk of gingival bleeding and tooth loosening, and significantly improve patients' satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of total crown and porcelain inlay restoration and its effect on masticatory ability and gingival condition WANG Mian, HOU Ying, TIAN Fei-fei, MENG Dan-jie, HAN Shuang 2025, 34 (1):  88-93.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.016 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (788KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of full crown and porcelain inlay in the treatment of cracked teeth after root canal treatment and repair and its effect on chewing ability and gingival status. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted to select 106 patients with cracked teeth who underwent root canal treatment from December 2020 to December 2023, divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table method, with 53 cases in each group. The clinical effects and adverse reactions of the two groups were counted and compared. The pain levels [visual analogue scale (VAS)] of the two groups before treatment,1 st, 3 rd and 7 th day after treatment were compared. The gingival conditions [plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (BI) and periodontal pocket depth (PD)] were compared between the two groups before treatment and after 6 months of follow-up. The chewing ability (bite force, chewing efficiency) of the two groups before treatment, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months of follow-up were compared.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 25.0 software package. RESULTS: The good rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the total incidence of adverse reactions was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). At the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after treatment, VAS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment. The experimental group[(4.43±0.68), (3.15±0.63) and (2.04±0.51) points] were significantly lower than the control group[(4.86±0.57), (3.81±0.67) and (2.86±0.52) points], all showed a downward trend (P<0.05). At 6 months of follow-up, BI and PD in the two groups were higher than those before treatment, GI and PLI were lower than those before treatment. GI, PLI, BI and PD in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). After 1, 3 and 6 months of follow up, the masticatory efficiency and bite force of the two groups were higher than those before treatment. The masticatory efficiency of the experimental group was (70.25±5.57)%, (85.36±6.74)% and (92.57±6.35)%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group[(62.35±5.44)%, (73.57±6.32)% and (84.26±6.22)%]. The bite force in the experimental group[(112.52±9.67), (130.52±11.58) and (143.54±13.40) Ibs] were significantly higher than those in the control group[(98.53±9.47) , (113.25±10.54) and (125.36±12.46) Ibs], all of which showed an upward trend (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical efficacy of porcelain inlays for cracked teeth after root canal treatment and repair is better than that of full crown repair, which can effectively improve the chewing ability and the gingival condition, the incidence of adverse reactions is low. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the effect of A-PRF and CGF on the recovery of mandibular impacted third molar after extraction and on alveolar ridge of the adjacent second molar PU Li-li, CHEN Chun-hui, TONG Xi 2025, 34 (1):  94-99.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.017 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (1718KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To compare the recovery effect of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) in the treatment of mandibular impacted third molar(M3) extraction, and the effect on alveolar ridge of the adjacent second molar(M2). METHODS: A total of 150 patients who received mandibular impacted M3 extraction in Jinhua Central Hospital from September 2020 to August 2021 were included. Among them, group A (n=49) received conventional suture, group B (n=51)received conventional suture +A-PRF filling, and group C(n=50) received conventional suture +CGF filling. Postoperative clinical indexes, soft tissue healing, alveolar bone density changes and M2 alveolar ridge height changes were compared among the three groups. Meanwhile, complications and adverse reactions were recorded and compared among the three groups. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: One week after surgery, the pain degree and swelling degree of the three groups were lower than before treatment(P<0.05), and group B < group C < group A(P<0.05). Mouth opening degree was higher than before treatment(P<0.05), group B > group C > group A (P<0.05), and the soft tissue healing condition of group B was better than that of group C, and than that of group A(P<0.05). At 6 weeks and 12 weeks after surgery, the alveolar bone mineral density of the three groups was higher than that immediately after surgery(P<0.05), and group B > group C > group A(P<0.05). There were significant differences between group B and C at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after surgery (P<0.05). The M2 alveolar ridge height (ΔH) 12 days after surgery was lower than that immediately after surgery(P<0.05), and group B and C was lower than that of group A (P<0.05). The incidence of complications such as bleeding, infection, dry socket, nerve injury and periodontal pus discharge in group B < group C < group A, and the incidence of complications was statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of A-PRF and CGF on M2 alveolar ridge and postoperative adverse reactions are similar, but A-PRF is better than CGF in improving clinical symptoms and promoting postoperative recovery in maxillary impacted M3 patients, with fewer complications, and is worthy of clinical promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CBCT study on the measurement of occlusal plane and molars in adolescent patients with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion DING Yuan-feng, SUN Ying-yuan, GUO Su-ying, LI Qing-qing, SONG Li-juan 2025, 34 (1):  100-105.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.018 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (870KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To study the CBCT imaging features of occlusal plane inclination, molar inclination, and molar height in adolescent patients with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion, in order to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: A total of 80 adolescent patients with malocclusion admitted to Suzhou Stomatological Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected, including 40 cases of Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion as the experimental group and 40 cases of Class Ⅰ malocclusion as the control group. The angles of the anterior, posterior and maxillary occlusal planes, as well as the inclination of the upper and lower molars in the mesial and distal direction, the inclination of the buccal and lingual direction, and the height of the molars were analyzed based on CBCT data. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the angles of the neutral and distal anterior, posterior and maxillary occlusal planes, as well as the height of the upper and lower molars between the experimental group of patients with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion(P<0.05); There was no significant difference in the inclination of the upper and lower molars in the mesial and distal direction, as well as in the inclination of the buccal and lingual directions(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the comparison of left and right measurements in the control group(P>0.05). The angles of the anterior, posterior and maxillary occlusal planes in the experimental group were significantly negatively correlated with the inclination of the maxillary molars in the mesiodistal and buccal lingual direction(P<0.01), and negatively correlated with the height of the molars(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Class Ⅱ subdivision malocclusion may have differences in the angles of the posterior, anterior, and maxillary occlusal planes, as well as the height of the upper and lower molars, compared to Class Ⅰ malocclusion patients. In clinical orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to be vigilant for such patients, trying to choose appropriate treatment opportunities, and reasonable treatment plans to prevent malocclusion from developing towards a more severe direction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress and current situation of oral surgery robots based on published papers and patents analysis ZHANG Zhi-fan, SHU Zhi-qun, XU Feng, SHEN Hui-qing 2025, 34 (1):  106-112.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.01.019 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (1440KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the research progress and technological development of oral surgery robots, reveal the future development trend of oral surgery robots and put forward policy suggestions. METHODS: Focusing on the topic of oral surgery robots, literature review and patent data retrieval methods were used to analyze data from 2011 to 2023 from the perspectives of quantity, source, and technical field. RESULTS: The number of academic papers and patent applications in the field of oral surgery robots had explosive growth since 2015. The literature mainly focused on topics such as oral implantation and digitalization, with Chinese scholars publishing the most papers. The patents focused on tools such as models and instruments dedicated to oral surgery, as well as technical fields such as implant visual navigation and positioning systems. CONCLUSIONS: Oral surgery robots should be developed towards miniaturization and specialization in the future, and domestic breakthroughs in core technologies such as special instruments need to be accelerated. References | Related Articles | Metrics