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25 December 2024, Volume 33 Issue 6 Previous Issue   

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Differential miRNA profiling and target gene analysis of marrow mesenchymal stem cells in postmenopausal osteoporotic mouse mandibles YANG Shan-shan, ZHANG Wei, HU Xiao-hua, YANG Xiao-hong 2024, 33 (6):  561-571.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.001 Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (2245KB) ( 26 )   PURPOSE: To explore the differential miRNA expression profiles and predicted target genes of mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs) in a postmenopausal osteoporosis (POP) mouse model using bioinformatics methods, providing new targets for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of POP. METHODS: POP mouse model was established by performing ovariectomy surgery, and MBMSCs were obtained using whole bone marrow adherent culture method. Microarray sequencing was performed to detect the miRNA expression profile of MBMSCs. Subsequently, miRNA identification and prediction analysis were conducted, along with the prediction of target genes. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed on the predicted target genes. Key hub genes were identified using algorithms such as Degree, Betweenness, and Closeness. The data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 8.0 and R language. RESULTS: A total of 84 differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained using a threshold of P<0.05, with 33 upregulated and 51 downregulated miRNAs. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the 84 differentially expressed miRNAs revealed their involvement in various biological processes and pathways. Among them, 130 target gene mRNAs were enriched in the "regulation of stem cell pluripotency" signaling pathway. PPI network analysis and hub gene selection were performed for the 130 predicted target gene mRNAs, resulting in the identification of 7 reliable hub genes: Ctnnβ1, Hras, Kras, Akt1, Mapk3, Smad3, and Smad2. Among these hub genes, Ctnnβ1, Akt1, Mapk3, Smad3, and Smad2 were found to be significantly associated with POP. CONCLUSIONS: The differentially expressed miRNAs identified in MBMSCs of POP mice may serve as potential biomarkers and play important roles in the pathogenesis of POP. This study provides new research direction and theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of POP. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular mechanisms of let-7c targeting IGF2BP2 to regulate the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells WANG Yu-shan, SUN Meng-xin, YANG Yi-cheng, HENG Xiao, ZHANG Yu-xin, YANG Jian-guang, LIU Yan 2024, 33 (6):  572-579.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.002 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (2104KB) ( 21 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of let-7c overexpression on the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS: hDPSCs were isolated and cultured. After transfected with let-7c mimics and inhibitors, transfection efficiency was detected by qRT-PCR, and cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Flow cytometry was applied to determine the cell cycle. The mechanism of let-7c inhibiting cell proliferation was analyzed by Western blot. A cell model targeting insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) was constructed by transient transfection of small interfering RNA(siRNA) and analyzed by bioinformatics and dual luciferase reporter. Bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to investigate whether let-7c directly targeted IGF2BP2. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: Overexpression of let-7c inhibited cell proliferation. Let-7c blocked cell proliferation by regulating the S and G2/M cycles, and directly bound to a group of messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences related to cell cycle regulation, IGF2BP2, and targeting and inhibiting IGF2BP2 expression, with a negative correlation between the two expression levels. CONCLUSIONS: let-7c inhibites the proliferation of hDPSCs by targeting and inhibiting IGF2BP2 expression. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An in-vitro study to remove dental resin adhesive with ultrafast laser YANG Xiao-yan, ZENG Li, YE Sheng-jia, ZHENG Liang, GONG Yao, WEI Bin 2024, 33 (6):  580-585.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.003 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (2092KB) ( 17 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect and safety of removing dental resin adhesive with ultrafast laser. METHODS: Resin adhesive layers were prepared on the surface of extracted teeth and processed with ultrafast laser scanning. Morphology was observed under optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Component change was tested with Raman Spectrometer and dental tissue damage was observed through sample sections. RESULTS: After laser processing, resin adhesive showed significant change in colour and volume expansion along with laser parameters. Dislodgement happened without any external force. Carbonization was presented in Raman spectroscopy result. No obvious damage was observed in enamel underneath. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrafast laser can be used to remove dental resin adhesives on the enamel. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of hub genes, pathways and immune checkpoints of CD8+ T cells in metastatic lymph nodes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in C3H/He mice ZHOU Di, HAN Nan-nan, LI Hua-sheng, YAN Ming, RUAN Min 2024, 33 (6):  586-593.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.004 Abstract ( 38 )   PDF (2332KB) ( 28 )   PURPOSE: To explore the expression of hub genes, pathways and inhibitory immune checkpoints of CD8+ T cells in metastatic lymph nodes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) in C3H/He mice. METHODS: A popliteal lymph node metastasis model of immunocompetent C3H/He mice was constructed with SCC-7 cell line of HNSCC, and the lymph node metastasis status was determined by immunofluorescence. CD8+ T cells in normal and metastatic lymph nodes were sorted by flow cytometry, and transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to screen out differentially expressed genes. GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed sequentially. Flow cytometry and multiplex immunohistochemical were used to detect the expression of four immune checkpoints of CD8+ T cells in metastatic lymph nodes of tumor-bearing mice. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of foot pad injection of SCC-7 cells, C3H/He mice displayed obvious metastasis in popliteal drainage lymph node. A total of 912 differentially expressed genes were screened out by transcriptome sequencing analysis of CD8+ T cells in normal and metastatic lymph nodes, including three inhibitory immune checkpoint-related genes which were upregulated(Pdcd1, Lag3 and Tigit). Eight tumor-related signaling pathways were screened out by KEGG network analysis, including Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NF Kappa-B signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, PD-L1 and PD-1 immune checkpoint pathway in tumors and p53 signaling pathway. Flow cytometry showed high expression level of PD-1 and TIM-3 in CD8+ T cells in mouse metastatic lymph nodes. It was further confirmed by multiplex immunohistochemical that PD-1 was highly expressed in CD8+ T cells in metastatic lymph nodes of patients with HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor-related signaling pathway of CD8+ T cells in mouse metastatic lymph nodes is significantly activated. The PD-1 expression level of CD8+ T in metastatic lymph nodes of mice and patients with HNSCC is markedly increased. Immunotherapy targeting CD8+ T cells may become a new strategy for the prevention and cure for lymph node metastasis of HNSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of different preset drill radius and tooth position on the compensation gap of zirconium dioxide restoration GUO Ya-lin, PENG Jing-yuan, QIAN Dong-dong, MEI Zi-yu, MENG Xiang-feng 2024, 33 (6):  594-599.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.005 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (970KB) ( 17 )   PURPOSE: To explore the influence of different preset drill radius on the drill compensation space of zirconia dioxide restoration and the characteristics of tooth position and anatomical parts of the drill compensation space. METHODS: The digital design data of 12 cases of incisor, premolar and molar were randomly selected, and the radius of the needle was preset to 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mm. Software analysis was performed to obtain four evaluation index values for each group of drill compensation gaps ,including compensation area, the proportion of the drillcompensation area to the preparation area, compensation volume and the maximum value of the compensation. The compensation frequency of the occlusal/incisal edge, axial surface and edge area of 0.5 mm preset radius group were recorded. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Chi-square test using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: The preset drill radius and tooth position significantly affect the values of the four evaluation indicators(P<0.05) of the drill compensation space, among which the four evaluation index values were significantly reduced by the preset radius of the drill (P<0.05). The probability that the maximum drill compensation thickness value of incisor and molar teeth in the 0.5 mm group and all types of teeth in the 0.6 mm group exceeded 300 μm existed, the frequency of 20 μm gap compensation in the incisor/occlusal edge area, the axial surface area, and the edge area of the preparation decreased in turn(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The preset radius of 0.3-0.4 mm can obtain a reasonable drill compensation gap on the tissue surface of the prosthesis. The occlusal/incisor area of the preparation needs to be carefully prepared to reduce the frequency of gap compensation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of characteristic genes of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma based on weighted co-expression network and machine learning BU Wen-chao, CHEN Shi-xin, JIANG Yin-hua, CAO Ming-guo, WU Xin-ru, GUAN Yun-qian, XIE Si-yuan 2024, 33 (6):  600-607.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.006 Abstract ( 42 )   PDF (2009KB) ( 22 )   PURPOSE: To identify potential biomarkers of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma to further understand the potential pathogenesis of adenoid cystic carcinoma. METHODS: Two microarray datasets (GSE59701, GSE88804) were downloaded from NCBI GEO database. LIMMA software package was used to screen SACC differentially expressed genes. WGCNAs were used to find the important module genes that were most associated with SACC. Two machine learning methods(LASSO and SVM-RFE) were used to identify Hub genes. Subsequently, ROC curve used to predict SACC was developed to determine the diagnostic effect. R4.2.1 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Three hub genes(GABBR1, EN1 and LINC01296) were identified, and a ROC curve with high predictive performance (AUC, 1.000-1.000) was established. CONCLUSIONS: Three hub genes(GABBR1, EN1 and LINC01296) were obtained by WGCNA, LASSO, SVM-RFE as potential biomarkers of SACC, and the findings of this study provide a foothold for future research on potential key genes of SACC, and a target basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of SACC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral tongue squamous carcinoma by a machine learning model based on contrast-enhanced CT radiomics SUN Heng-xiang, ZHU Qing-hai, LI Huai-qi, WANG Chen-xing, YE Jin-hai 2024, 33 (6):  608-616.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.007 Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (1996KB) ( 19 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the value of machine learning model based on enhanced CT imaging features and clinical parameters in predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). METHODS: A total of 75 patients with TSCC who were treated in the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2015 to July 2022 were collected. All patients had complete clinical data, enhanced CT image data and postoperative cervical lymph node pathological examination results. All cases were randomly assigned to the training group (n=60) and the validation group (n=15) in a ratio of 8∶2. A total of 1 833 radiomics features were extracted from the venous phase image data of enhanced CT. Correlation coefficient selection and LASSO method were used for feature selection and dimensionality reduction to select the optimal combination of radiomics features. Multiple machine learning algorithm models(LR, KNN, Random Forest, Extra Trees, XGBoost and LightGBM) were used to predict cervical lymph node metastasis on the selected radiomics and clinical features. The performance of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve and decision curve analysis(DCA). SPSS 21.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: After screening and dimensionality reduction, totally 14 optimal feature combinations were obtained, and a variety of prediction models were established based on them. Among them, the KNN model showed a more balanced fitting effect in the training group and the test group, with AUC values of 0.869 and 0.861, respectively. To further improve the efficiency of the model, we integrated imaging features with patient clinical features, and the AUC value of this comprehensive model was increased to 0.893 and 0.880 in the training group and the test group, respectively. The DCA decision curve showed that compared with the simple radiomic model, the image-clinical model with the integration of clinical features showed a higher predictive effect and clinical application value. CONCLUSIONS: The prediction model based on enhanced CT image omics features combined with clinical parameters can effectively estimate cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with TSCC. This approach facilitates risk stratification of patients with TSCC and optimizes clinical decisions to improve treatment strategies and patient outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of vestibular shield appliances on lip morphological changes in mouth breathing patients DING Qin-feng, NIE Ping, YOU Qing-ling, XIA Yun-hui 2024, 33 (6):  617-621.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.008 Abstract ( 39 )   PDF (1353KB) ( 26 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the soft tissue position changes in the lower 1/3 of face after application of the vestibular shield for correction of mouth dyspnea. METHODS: A total of 32 pediatric patients wearing vestibular shield appliances for mouth breathing correction were reviewed, and the changes of upper and lower lip positions as well as chin position before and after appliance treatment were compared and analysed. GraphPad Prism 6.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The values of lateral protrusion N'-Sn-Pog' (facial convexity), nasolabial angle (Cm-Sn-Ls) lower lip protrusion (LL-EP) and upper lip prominence (UL-EP) were significantly reduced, of which UL-EP changes were the most obviously changed parameter. In addition, the chin morphology associated parameters Si-LiPg' and Sn-Gn'-C were significantly improved after treatment as well. No significant differences were observed within gender. CONCLUSIONS: Vestibular shield treatment for patients with mouth breathing can effectively improve the lip morphology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of adverse oral behaviors between patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction and healthy individuals JIANG Xin, YANG Yang, FANG Zhong-yi, JIN Lei, XU Li-li, YAO Yuan 2024, 33 (6):  622-626.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.009 Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (527KB) ( 16 )   PURPOSE: To explore the differences in adverse oral behavior between patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction(ADDWoR) and healthy individuals without temporomandibular disorders(TMD). METHODS: From January to October 2023, a total of 170 patients with clinically confirmed ADDWoR were recruited from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and 165 healthy subjects were recruited as controls during the same period. All subjects completed baseline data survey and Oral Behavior Checklist(OBC). The scores of each item and the total score of OBC were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between oral behavior and ADDWoR. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The oral behavior scores of 16 items, sleeping oral behavior scores, waking oral behavior scores, and total OBC scores of the ADDWoR group were significantly higher than those of the healthy group(P<0.05). Logistics regression analysis showed that the three behaviors of chin compression during sleep, teeth clenching and chin leaning forward or to one side when awake were risk factors for ADDWoR(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with non-TMD healthy individuals, ADDWoR patients have a higher frequency of multiple adverse oral behaviors, among which, the occurrence of 3 behaviors (compression of the chin during sleep, gnashing of the teeth and leaning of the chin forward or to one side when awake) can increase the risk of ADDWoR. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 3D printed double positioning guide in aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth REN Li-juan, LIU Jia-yi, LI Zi-han, FANG Jun-yi, CUI Lu, WANG Zhen-hua 2024, 33 (6):  627-632.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.010 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (1058KB) ( 15 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of 3D printing double positioning crown extension guide combined with 3D printing temporary crown in red aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth. METHODS: Twenty patients (70 teeth in total) who needed aesthetic restoration were randomly divided into 3D printing group (9 cases, 36 teeth) and traditional restoration group (11 cases, 34 teeth). The 3D printing team performed digital design, 3D printing double positioning crown lengthening guide to help crown lengthening operation, and 3D printed temporary crown was used after operation. The traditional group underwent diagnostic wax design, traditional film compression to make crown extension guide, 3D printed temporary crown after crown extension, and scored at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after wearing the temporary crown. The clinical effect was evaluated from papilla index score(PIS), pink esthetic score(PES), white esthetic score(WES) and patient satisfaction. SPSS 28.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The PIS score of the 3D printing group at 6 months was significantly better than that of the traditional restoration group(P<0.05). The PES scores of 3D printing group at 1, 3 and 6 months were significantly higher than those of traditional restoration group(P<0.05). WES scores at 1 month and 6 months in the 3D printing group were significantly higher than those in the traditional restoration group(P<0.05). The overall satisfaction score of patients in the 3D printing group was higher than that in the traditional restoration group. CONCLUSIONS: The application of digital design, 3D printing double positioning crown extension guide and temporary crown to guide aesthetic crown lengthening and restoration of anterior teeth can improve the effect of aesthetic restoration and make patients have better aesthetic restoration experience. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the diagnostic value of X-ray and CBCT 3D reconstruction in adolescent orthodontic patients with impacted teeth GAO Lin-cheng, MA Yong-ping, GAO Lin-qing, LIU Da-hua, WANG Chao, JIA Hao 2024, 33 (6):  633-637.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.011 Abstract ( 42 )   PDF (786KB) ( 22 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of X-ray and cone-beam CT(CBCT) three-dimensional reconstruction in the diagnosis of impacted teeth in adolescent orthodontic patients. METHODS: From May 2021 to May 2024, totally 86 adolescent orthodontic patients with 126 impacted teeth admitted to the Second Hospital of Baoding City were selected for X-ray examination and CBCT 3D reconstruction. The diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of the two methods were evaluated by comparing their ability to reveal the location and adjacent anatomical structures of the impacted teeth. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Among the 126 impacted teeth, totally 40 cases (52 teeth) were in the maxillary anterior tooth region, 8 in the maxillary posterior region (12 teeth), 12 with maxillary supernumerary teeth (20 teeth), 14 in the mandibular anterior region (22 teeth), 8 in the mandibular posterior region (14 teeth), and 4 with mandibular supernumerary teeth (6 teeth). The results of CBCT 3D reconstruction were close to operation findings. CBCT 3D reconstruction was superior to X-ray films in most indexes, especially in sensitivity and positive predictive value, showing higher diagnostic efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: CBCT three-dimensional reconstruction provides high diagnostic value in the diagnosis of impacted teeth in adolescent orthodontic patients, especially in accurately assessing the position of impacted teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Respiratory sleep monitoring and sleep quality questionnaire survey of Class Ⅱ malocclusion adolescents before and after functional orthodontic treatment XIA Wen-qian, GAO Mei-qin, GU Xin-yu, CHEN Nan 2024, 33 (6):  638-641.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.012 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (465KB) ( 9 )   PURPOSE: To compare the changes of sleep-breathing parameters and sleep quality before and after treatment of Class Ⅱ malocclusion in adolescents. METHODS: Forty-eight adolescent patients were selected for functional orthodontic treatment. Portable sleep breathing monitor and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) were used before treatment, 1 month and 10 months after treatment, in order to compare the results of apnea and hypopnea index(AHI), obstructive apnea index(OAI), central apnea index(CAI), number of hypoventilation (HI), oxygen reduction index (ODI), minimum oxygen index(LSpO2) and sleep quality index. SPSS 16.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: After 1 month of functional appliance use, AHI, HI and ODI were significantly decreased than those before treatment, while LSpO2 was significantly increased (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in OAI and CAI (P>0.05). AHI, OAI, CAI, HI, ODI and LSpO2 10 months after treatment were significantly different from those before and 1 month after treatment(P<0.01). The sleep duration, quality, efficiency, and sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction were not different from one month than before treatment (P>0.05), and related sleep quality scores were different from ten months after treatment compared with pre-treatment and one month after treatment(P<0.01). AHI, OAI, HI, ODI and LSpO2 were positively correlated with sleep quality in patients(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Functional treatment of Class Ⅱ adolescents can improve sleep breathing situation and sleep quality of patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of periodontal health status and influencing factors of elderly people in Jiading District of Shanghai TANG Yu-hong, ZHU Qian, WU Zhao, RAN Xing 2024, 33 (6):  642-646.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.013 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (586KB) ( 6 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the periodontal health status and influencing factors of the elderly aged 65-74 years in Jiading District of Shanghai, and to provide data support for periodontal prevention and health care for the elderly in Jiading District. METHODS: A total of 961 elderly people aged 65-74 years old in Jiading District were selected by multi-stage, stratified, equal size and random sampling method, and oral examination and questionnaire survey were conducted. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Among 961 elderly people, the detection rate of periodontal pockets, bleeding on gingival probing, dental calculus and debris were 58.9%, 85.3%, 90.5% and 88%, respectively. The mean number of missing teeth was 6.25±5.94. The average number of gingival index, calculus index and debris index were 1.82±0.706, 1.26±0.632, 1.17±0.620, respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that gender, education level, smoking, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, oral hygiene habits (frequency of brushing teeth and frequency of cleaning teeth) were risk factors for periodontitis in the elderly in Jiading District. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, diabetes and oral hygiene habits (tooth cleaning frequency) were independent risk factors for periodontitis in the elderly in Jiading District. CONCLUSIONS: The periodontal health status of the elderly aged 65-74 years in Jiading District is poor, and comprehensive prevention and treatment from various aspects and links should be carried out. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the effect of resin restoration and CAD/CAM all-porcelain veneer restoration on anterior tooth space ZHANG Guo-qing, WANG Wei-guo 2024, 33 (6):  647-650.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.014 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (484KB) ( 15 )   PURPOSE: To compare the aesthetic effects of resin restoration and CAD/CAM all-porcelain veneer restoration on anterior tooth space. METHODS: The medical records of 185 patients (333 teeth) with anterior space restoration from February 2023 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into control group(n=92, 170 teeth) and experimental group(n=93, 163 teeth) according the restoration methods. The control group was repaired with resin,while the experimental group was repaired with CAD/CAM all-porcelain veneer. The clinical effect, masticatory function, periodontal health status, aesthetic effect and complications were compared between the two groups. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The total effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the masticatory function scores of 2 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the experimental group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). The gingival index (GI) score and plaque index (PI) score of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in probing depth (PD) between the two groups (P>0.05). The abutment sensitivity and pulp status, the color matching degree with neighboring teeth, the edge color of prosthesis and the grade distribution of prosthesis integrity in the experimental group were significantly better than these of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with resin repair, CAD/CAM porcelain veneer has better effect on anterior tooth space repair, which can improve patients' chewing function and periodontal health, enhance aesthetic effect, and reduce the risk of complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effects of improved shield technique in the aesthetic zone for single tooth implantation in the maxillary anterior region HU Zhong-yue, NIU Wei, CHEN Dai-yuan, ZOU Jin-yang, XIE Hui 2024, 33 (6):  651-655.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.015 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (679KB) ( 19 )   PURPOSE: To explore the effects of improved shield technique in the aesthetic zone for single tooth implantation in the maxillary anterior region. METHODS: Eighty-four patients(84 teeth) who underwent single tooth implantation in the maxillary anterior region from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected,randomly divided into the control group and experimental group using digital table method, each with 42 patients(42 teeth). The success rate of implant in 2 groups was recorded, and periodontal index, pink esthetic score (PES), bone absorption and implant stability quotient (ISQ) preoperatively and 6 months after surgery were compared. The incidence of adverse reactions (redness, bleeding, pain and site infection) was recorded. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The success rate of implantation in both groups was 100%. Six postoperative pericrescent indexes of the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group, PES and ISQ scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group one year after surgery, bone absorption volume was significantly lower than that of the control group and the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly decreased(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The improved shield technique in the aesthetic zone can enhance the esthetic index and implant stability in the anterior region, and reduce bone resorption volume. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disc displacement in patients malocclusion ZHOU Guo-li, YUAN Ling-jun, LI Hai-rui, SHI Wen-tao, FANG Bing 2024, 33 (6):  656-660.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.016 Abstract ( 33 )   PDF (553KB) ( 14 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence characteristics of temporomandibular joint disc displacement in patients with malocclusion and influencing factors of disc displacement, and to provide reference for orthodontic treatment. METHODS: A total of 1 157 consecutive orthodontic cases admitted to the Department of Orthodontics at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2012 to December 2021 were selected retrospectively. Based on temporomandibular joint MRI, the prevalence of disc displacement in orthodontic cases was investigated. The influencical factors of gender, age and skeletal classification on disc displacement was analyzed. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Among 1 157 orthodontic cases, there were 672 cases(58.08%) of disc displacement, and 334 cases(28.87%) had anterior disc displacement. The prevalence of disc displacement in female was significantly higher than that in male. The prevalence of disc displacement in skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion was significantly higher than that in skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion. In orthodontic cases aged between 10 and 18, the prevalence of disc displacement increased with age. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high proportion of abnormal articular disc position in patients with malocclusion. Age, gender(female) and skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion have higher correlation with temporomandibular joint disc displacement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study on the treatment of Class Ⅱ and ClassⅠmalocclusion in adolescents with mandibular recession using invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets YU Jiao, WANG Han-ming, ZHU Xiao-mi, FAN Zhi-long 2024, 33 (6):  661-666.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.017 Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (687KB) ( 25 )   PURPOSE: To explore the application value of invisible orthodontic appliance without brackets in the correction of ClassⅡand ClassⅠmalocclusion in adolescents with mandibular recession. METHODS: A retrospective collection of clinical data was conducted on 114 adolescent patients with ClassⅡand ClassⅠmalocclusion of mandibular retrusion admitted to Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2020 to October 2022. They were divided into two groups based on different orthodontic methods, with 57 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Twin block appliances, while the experimental group was treated with invisible appliances without brackets. Both groups of patients were corrected for 12 months. The treatment effects of the two groups were evaluated, and the levels of inflammatory factors [alkaline phosphatase (ALP), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] in gingival crevicular fluid before and after treatment, X-ray cephalometric indicators(SNB angle, ANB angle, Go-Gn, Ar-Go), temporomandibular joint parameters (anterior joint space, posterior joint space, superior joint space, fossa height) and upper airway conditions [nasopharyngeal volume (V-nasopharynx), velopharyngeal volume(V-velopharynx), glossopharyngeal volume (V-glossopharynx)], and the subjective perception scores of wearing orthodontic appliance were compared between the two groups. SPSS 28.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the orthodontic outcome of the experimental group compared to the control group (P>0.05). After correction, the levels of IL-1β, MMP-8 and ALP in the gingival crevicular fluid were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference(P>0.05) between the two groups in terms of SNB angle, ANB angle, Go Gan, Ar Go, anterior and posterior joint spaces, supraarticular space, and joint socket height. After correction, there was no significant difference(P>0.05) between the two groups in V-glossopharynx, V-palatopharynx, and V-nasopharynx. The experimental group had significantly higher scores in terms of comfort, compliance, and aesthetics when wearing invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets compared to the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment effect of Twin-block appliance and non-bracket invisible appliance is comparable for Class Ⅱ division Ⅰ malocclusion in adolescents with mandibular retrognathia. Both can improve the morphology of the mandible and dentition, expand the upper airway, but non-bracket invisible appliance can further reduce inflammation and improve patients' comfort. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical research of mandibular embedded third molars extraction by root dislocation first method resulting in external root absorption of adjacent teeth DILIHUMAER·Kuerban, DILIDAER·Taxipulati, GU Li, KADILIYA Tuerxunjiang, WANG Ling 2024, 33 (6):  667-675.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.018 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (1512KB) ( 21 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of impacted lower third molar(ILTM) extraction by root dislocation first method on bone formation in the distal middle of the second molar(M2M), pulp status and external root resorption (ERR). METHODS: A total of 64 patients who underwent ILTM extraction in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2023 to October 2023 were selected. Among them, 32 patients underwent root first removal of ILTM (experimental group), and 32 patients underwent crown first removal of ILTM (control group). Preoperative and postoperative M2M mobility, pulp status, ERR situation, and postoperative visual analog scale for pain were recorded. Cone-beam CT was performed at 3 and 6 months after operation to measure bone defect depth of M2M, bone height of M2M, percentage of bone height, and bone ash degree. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The VAS pain score of the experimental group on the third postoperative day was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in surgical time, M2M pulp vitality, and mobility between the two groups(P>0.05); the amount of bone resection in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group (P<0.05). The immediate postoperative near-midfacial and distal tongue-side probing depth (PD) in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the experimental group exhibited significantly lower bone defect depth, bone height, bone height percentage, and bone gray level compared to the control group across different degrees of external root resorption (ERR) (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in bone defect depth, bone height, bone height percentage, and bone gray level between the two groups with different types of impaction(P<0.05), while no statistically significant difference was found in impaction depth and ERR severity comparison (P>0.05). None of the patients experienced complications such as infection or nerve injury postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The root dislocation method for ILTM extraction has certain guiding effects on the distal bone formation of M2M, and it has an effect on the improvement of periodontal health and postoperative reaction of M2M. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 4R crisis management theory in the protection of oral mucositis in patients with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ZOU Qian, CHEN Mei-hua 2024, 33 (6):  676-680.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.019 Abstract ( 35 )   PDF (688KB) ( 26 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical value of nursing care plans employing 4R crisis management model for prevention of oral mucositis in patients with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: According to different intervention time points, totally 40 transplantation patients from May 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the control group, while 68 transplantation patients from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the experimental group. Compared to the control group, patients in the experimental group adopted more comprehensive risk management measures and applied 4R crisis theory. The preventive and therapeutic outcomes were compared in the aspects of oral mucosal inflammation incidence, grade, time to resume orally fed diet and inpatient stay of two groups of patient. SPSS 27.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Oral mucositis occurred in 76.5% of patients in the experimental group, which was significantly lower than the control group (100%) (P<0.05). Severe oral mucositis (grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ) were 11.8% in the experimental group, which was significantly lower than the control group(65.0%). The clinical nursing satisfaction of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.001). There was no significant difference in hospital duration or oral refeeding time between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of 4R crisis management strategy can substantially decrease oral mucositis occurrences and severity, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of oral care management for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients, reducing patient discomfort, accelerating recovery time and improving quality of life . The strategy has promising clinical potential of application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice and thoughts of standardized training of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialists YU Zi-li, MA Si-rui, PAN Lei, ZHANG Tao, YANG Xue-wen, SHANG Zheng-jun, JIA Jun 2024, 33 (6):  681-684.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.020 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (544KB) ( 15 )   The standardized training of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialists is an important part of post-graduation education in oral and maxillofacial surgery, and has been transferred from the initial local pilot to the full implementation stage. Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University is the first batch of national oral and maxillofacial surgery training bases in China, with a total of 25 students enrolled since 2018. The author is one of the first batch of oral and maxillofacial surgery trainees and instructors in China. In the practice of standardized training of oral and maxillofacial surgeons, we gradually found some problems, and conducted extensive discussions and in-depth thinking. It is hoped that this article will be helpful to improve the training system of oral and maxillofacial surgery specialists in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics