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25 February 2026, Volume 35 Issue 1 Previous Issue   

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Oral health management for patients during the peri-orthodontic treatment period Li Yazhen, Yan Bin, Liu Yuehua, Xu Jianguang, Shi Jiejun, Li Huang, Huang Zhengwei, Song Zhongchen, Li Yongming, Wu Jianyong, Pan Jie, Tang Guohua, Zhao Ning, Zhang Weibing, Wu Tingting, Chen Xi, Zhu Yaqin, Ji Fang, Chen Zhenqi, Pan Xiaogang, Jing Dian, Liu Chao, Zhao Jun, Fang Bing, Xia Lunguo 2026, 35 (1):  1-6.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.001 Abstract ( 55 )   PDF (803KB) ( 41 )   Oral health management during orthodontic treatment is crucial for ensuring the effectiveness of the treatment. Proper oral health management can accelerate the orthodontic process, alleviate adverse reactions, and improve quality of life. Currently, there is a lack of systematic and comprehensive guidance on oral health management for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment both domestically and internationally. To further standardize oral health management during the orthodontic period, this paper summarized relevant literature from home and abroad through discussions among experts, established health management protocols for fixed, invisible, and functional orthodontics, aiming to provide references and guidance for orthodontists and patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of T1-T2 dual-mode cobalt manganese oxide nanoparticle MRI contrast agent in the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma Xu Hongtao, Cheng Han, Li Fangjie, Zheng Chongyang, Huang Xiaojuan, Zhang Zhiyuan 2026, 35 (1):  7-12.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.002 Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (1899KB) ( 22 )   PURPOSE: To develop an efficient and low-toxicity T1-T2 dual-mode magnetic resonance (MR) nano-contrast agent (cobalt manganese oxide @hyaluronic acid, CMO@HA) as a safe and effective strategy for the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: CMO@HA was synthesized via a multi-step process and characterized for its morphology and composition using transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). MR imaging of CMO@HA suspensions at various concentrations was performed to acquire T1- and T2-weighted images and relaxation times. The longitudinal and transverse relaxivities were calculated using linear regression analysis. A xenograft mouse model was established to evaluate the in vivo tumor imaging performance of CMO@HA. Biocompatibility was assessed through CCK-8 cell viability assays, live-dead cell staining and HE staining of major organs. RESULTS: CMO@HA was successfully synthesized with an average particle size of approximately 12 nm and a zeta potential of -16.6 mV. In MRI, CMO@HA solutions exhibited concentration-dependent T1-T2 dual-enhanced imaging characteristics, with longitudinal and transverse relaxivities of 1.005 (mmol/L)-1s-1 and 11.84 (mmol/L)-1s-1, respectively. In the xenograft mouse model, intratumoral injection of CMO@HA resulted in an enhancement of T1-weighted and T2-weighted signals at the tumor site by (46.98±14.51)% and (26.04±6.9)%, respectively. Biocompatibility assessments revealed that after co-incubation with 100 μg/mL CMO@HA, the cell viability remained at 98%, live-dead staining results showed no significant differences compared to the control group. During a 7-day observation period, CMO@HA-treated mice exhibited stable body weights comparable to the control group, and no pathological damage or liver and kidney dysfunction was observed in major organs. CONCLUSIONS: CMO@HA is a nano-contrast agent with excellent T1-T2 dual-mode MR imaging enhancement capabilities and favorable biocompatibility. It significantly improves the imaging contrast between tumor and normal tissues, providing a viable imaging solution for early diagnosis of OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cyclic tensile strain promotes osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic activity of mouse pericytes Chin Daphne Yuchen, Tang Xinyue, Zhao Ning, Tang Guohua 2026, 35 (1):  13-18.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.003 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (1077KB) ( 37 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of cyclic tensile strain on osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic activity of mouse pericytes (PCs). METHODS: Primary mouse brain microvascular PCs were isolated and cultured, and the membranous markers were detected by flow cytometry. Flexcell loading system was used to apply 6% cyclic tensile strain to the cells. Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were used as a positive control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, alizarin red (AR) staining and Matrigel angiogenesis test were used to evaluate the effects of mechanical strain on the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic activity of PCs. The expression levels of osteogenic and angiogenic genes were determined by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: The PCs expressed the characteristic mouse stem cell surface proteins CD29+CD44+CD45-CD31- and highly expressed PDGFRβ. Under 6% cyclic strain, the ALP activity of PCs increased by 1.6-fold and the AR activity by 2.9-fold. Similarly, the ALP and AR activities of BMSCs were increased by 1.5 and 3.9 times, respectively. Matrigel angiogenesis assay showed that the angiogenic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was induced by conditioned medium from PCs and BMSCs under mechanical strain. qRT-PCR showed that the expressions of RUNX2, OCN and IBSP were higher in PCs under mechanical strain, and the expressions of VEGF and VEGFR1 were higher in BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclic tensile strain promotes osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic activity of PCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Myogenic induction activity and mechanism of rhein in aged mouse myoblasts C2C12 cell line Pan Cancan, Qi Lei, Si Jiawen, Shen Guofang 2026, 35 (1):  19-28.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.004 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (2865KB) ( 30 )   PURPOSE: To establish an in vitro model of aged murine myogenic cell line C2C12, clarify rhein's anti-inflammatory function, and explore its effects on myogenic induction activity and related immunomodulatory mechanisms in aged C2C12 cells. METHODS: CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell proliferation rates of C2C12 cells pretreated with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) for varying duration. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to observe myogenic and aged-related gene expression changes. The expression of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) was measured. Immunofluorescence was used to compare the diameter of the formed myotubes. The effects of different concentrations of rhein(0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 μmol/L) on the proliferation of murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 over 3 days were measured using CCK-8 assay. The expression of polarization-related factors in RAW264.7 cells was detected by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. The effects of macrophage-conditioned medium(CM) induced by rhein on myogenic function and age-related phenotypes in aged C2C12 cells were explored through experiments including RT-qPCR to detect relevant gene expression, ROS and SA-β-gal staining, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, treatment of C2C12 cells with 200 and 400 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 hours significantly reduced the proliferation ability of C2C12 without causing apoptosis, increased the expression of age-related genes, ROS, and SA-β-gal, decreased the expression of myogenic genes, and inhibited myotube formation, with more pronounced effects at 400 μmol/L(P<0.05). Rhein at a concentration of 1 μmol/L was non-cytotoxic to RAW264.7 cells, reduced the expression of M1-related phenotypes (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, IL-6), and promoted the expression of M2-related phenotypes (IL-1Ra, CD206)(P<0.05). Macrophage-conditioned medium (CM) induced by rhein enhanced the expression of myogenic genes in aged C2C12 cells, increased the diameter of myotube, and reduced the expression of age-related genes, ROS, and SA-β-gal(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An in vitro model of aged muscle stem cells can be established using H2O2. Rhein can enhance the myogenic capacity of aged muscle, likely through the regulation of macrophage M2 polarization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Trifolium repens extract on OSC-4 cell proliferation, apoptosis and NLRP3/PRKD3 protein level Yang Dan, Lei Minghui, Wang Jie, Ji Xiaoting, Song Kai, Liu Bin 2026, 35 (1):  29-34.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.005 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (993KB) ( 14 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of Trifolium repens extract on proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and NLRP3/PRKD3 protein levels of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line OSC-4. METHODS: The OSC-4 cells were randomly divided into SO group (OSC-4 cells were cultured without adding Trifolium repens extract), SA group (OSC-4 cells were cultured with 1 mg/mL Trifolium repens extract), SB group(OSC-4 cells were cultured with 5 mg/mL Trifolium repens extract), and SC group(OSC-4 cells were cultured with 10 mg/mL Trifolium repens extract). MTT was used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis, Transwsll chamber assay was used to evaluate cell invasion, Western blot and PCR were used to detect the expression of NLRP3/PRKD3. RESULTS: Compared with SO group, the expression of NLRP3 and PRKD3 mRNA in SA group, SB group and SC group were significantly reduced, and the degree of reduction was in order of SC group>SB group>SA group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the inhibition rate of cell proliferation in each group at 0 h(P>0.05). At 48 h, the proliferation inhibition rate of SA group, SB group, and SC group was significantly higher than that of SO group(P<0.05). There was significant difference in the apoptosis rate of OSC-4 cells in each group (P<0.001). The apoptosis rate of OSC-4 cells in SA group, SB group and SC group was significantly higher than that in SO group(P<0.05). There was significant difference in the number of OSC-4 cell invasion in each group(P<0.001). The number of OSC-4 cell invasion in SA group, SB group and SC group was significantly lower than that in SO group(P<0.05). The differences in the expression of NLRP3 and PRKD3 protein in each group was significant(P<0.001). The NLRP3 and PRKD3 proteins of SA group, SB group and SC group were significantly lower than those of SO group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sanye green extract can inhibit OSCC cell proliferation and invasion, promote its apoptosis. Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of NLRP3/PRKD3 expression. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of the role of LncRNA PVT1 targeting miR-18b-5p in the differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells into dentin Zheng Yu, Zhai Tong, Cui Min, Liu Fei 2026, 35 (1):  35-41.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.006 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (1720KB) ( 10 )   PURPOSE: To analyze on the role of long-chain non coding ribonucleic acid (LncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in the differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPMSCs) into dentin by targeting microribonucleic acid 18b-5p(miR-18b-5p). METHODS: Human DPMSCs were isolated and cultured, then identified by staining with oil red O, Alizarin red, and Alisin blue, and detected cell surface marker molecules by flow cytometry. Inoculate cells onto a 24 well plate, 2×104/cm2 density, grouping, including PVT1 upregulation+miR-18b-5p downregulation group (transfected with pcDNA-PVT1 and antomiR-18b-5p), PVT1 downregulation+miR-18b-5p upregulation group (transfected with si-PVT1 and agomiR-18b-5p), empty 1 group (transfected with NC pcDNA), empty 2 group (transfected with ago-NC), PVT1 upregulation + empty 2 group (transfected with pcDNA-PVT1 and empty 2), empty1+miR-18b-5p downregulation group (transfected with empty1 and antomiR-18b-5p) and a blank group. After 7 days, Alizarin red staining was used to observe the calcium mineralization of cells, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected using a reagent kit. Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expressions of LncRNA PVT1, miR-18b-5p, dentin salivary phosphoprotein(DSPP), osteocalcin(OCN), and Runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) genes in each group. Western blot(WB) was used to detect the expressions of DSPP, OCN, and RUNX2 proteins in each group. Dual luciferase reporter gene detection experiment was used to explore the targeting relationship between LncRNA PVT1 and miR-18b-5p. RESULTS: This study successfully isolated human DPMSCs and identified them by staining with oil red O, Alizarin red, Alishin blue and flow cytometry. The PVT1 upregulation+miR-18b-5p downregulation group had the strongest dentin differentiation activities (P<0.05), while that of PVT1 downregulation+miR-18b-5p upregulation group was the weakest(P<0.05). The LncRNA PVT1, DSPP, OCN and RUNX2 expressions were highest in the PVT1 upregulation+miR-18b-5p downregulation group(P<0.05), while miR-18b-5p expression was lowest (P<0.05). The PVT1 downregulation+miR-18b-5p upregulation group showed the opposite trend(P<0.05). There were binding sites between LncRNA PVT1 and miR-18b-5p, and LncRNA PVT1 could negatively feedback and target miR-18b-5p. CONCLUSIONS: Upregulation of LncRNA PVT1 can target the inhibition of miR-18b-5p and promote the differentiation of human DPMSCs into dentin, which may be related to the upregulation of DSPP, OCN and RUNX2 expressions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical evaluation of the influence of different types of appliances on Chinese phonetic function of orthodontic patients Shen Aili, Wang Bixia, Liu Ziyang, Jiang Liping, Liu Jiaqiang 2026, 35 (1):  42-47.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.007 Abstract ( 23 )   PDF (759KB) ( 15 )   PURPOSE: To explore the effects of different orthodontic appliances on the clarity of Mandarin speech and the error rate of consonants in orthodontic patients. METHODS: A total of 89 orthodontic patients treated in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2024 to September 2024 were included. According to the type of appliance, the patients were divided into three groups: metallic appliance group, ceramic appliance group and invisible aligner group. Speech assessment was performed before, immediately after appliance placement and 1 month after appliance placement, respectively, and the speech clarity and consonant error rate of the three groups were compared. RESULTS: An immediate decrease in speech clarity was observed with all three types of appliances(P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the three groups of patients in the changes of speech clarity, both immediately after wearing and one month after wearing the appliances. The error rates for /j/, /x/, /s/, /zh/, /ch/ and /sh/ in the metallic appliance group were higher immediately after wearing the appliance than before wearing them, but returned to baseline after 1 month; the error rates of /q/, /z/ and /c/ had not returned to baseline levels even after one month. In ceramic appliance group, the error rates for /j/, /q/, /x/, /c/, /zh/, /ch/ and /sh/ were higher immediately after wearing the appliance than before wearing them, but returned to baseline after one month. The error rate for /z/ had not returned to baseline levels even after one month. The error rates for /j/, /q/, /zh/, /ch/ and /sh/ in the invisible aligner group were higher immediately after wearing the appliance than before wearing them, but returned to baseline at one month. The error rates for /x/, /z/, /c/, and /s/ had not returned to baseline levels even after one month. The incidence of new speech errors for /z/ immediately after wearing the invisible appliance was higher than that of the metal and ceramic appliance groups(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in other consonant error rates among the three groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The placement of metal, ceramic and invisible aligner can all lead to an immediate decrease in speech clarity for patients, with no significant differences among the three types of appliances. After wearing for one month, speech clarity of the three groups showed improvement. In terms of the incidence of newly occurring consonant errors, only the /z/ sound demonstrated a significant difference immediately after wearing, with the invisible aligner group exhibiting a higher error rate compared to the metallic and ceramic group. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the correlation and joint prediction model of age, dental age and cervical spine age among Uyghur children and adolescents in Xinjiang region Kaiwusaier Tursun, Shi Yuxin, Zhang Lina, Liu Jia 2026, 35 (1):  48-53.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.008 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (722KB) ( 14 )   PURPOSE: To explore the correlation between the actual age, dental age and cervical vertebral bone age in Uygur children and adolescents in Xinjiang region, and to construct the regression equation and joint prediction model of cervical vertebral bone age for males and females to improve the accuracy of age estimation. METHODS: This study was conducted in two phases. In the first stage, the data of full mouth surface tomography and skull localization lateral radiographs of 320 Uygur children and adolescents aged 8-15 years were collected. The dental age was inferred by Willems method, and the third and fourth cervical vertebrae were measured by Mito cervical vertebrae osteometry. The cervical spine bone age measurement data of 224 samples (112 males and 112 females) were randomly selected for multiple stepwise regression analysis. The cervical spine bone age prediction equations for males and females were established respectively, and verified with the remaining 96 samples (48 males and 48 females). In the second stage, the cervical spine age of all samples was calculated based on the regression equation constructed in the first stage. Subsequently, Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between chronological age, dental age and cervical spine bone age, and further multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive effect of dental age and cervical spine bone age on chronological age. Finally, all the sample data were collected and combined multiple regression analysis was carried out to construct a comprehensive age prediction model. RESULTS: The cervical spine bone age equation established through multiple stepwise regression analysis was: male cervical spine bone age=-1.189+16.607×H4/D4+9.064×AP3/H3+5.369×H4/AH4(R=0.875); female cervical spine bone age=0.233+7.084×AH4/AP4+26.048×h4/H4+4.650×AH3/PH3(R=0.868). Spearman correlation analysis results showed that the correlation coefficient between chronological age and dental age was r=0.956, the correlation coefficient between chronological age and cervical spine bone age was r=0.871, and the correlation coefficient between dental age and cervical spine bone age was r=0.843, all of which showed significant positive correlation(P<0.01). The unified regression model constructed by the joint analysis further improved the prediction accuracy, and the R2 of the model was 0.916. The final formula of the combined model was: actual age=-1.064+0.753× tooth age +0.325× cervical bone age. CONCLUSIONS: Through joint analysis of dental age and cervical bone age, this study significantly improves the prediction accuracy of actual age, and successfully constructs a unified prediction model suitable for Uyghur children and adolescents aged 8-15 years in Xinjiang region, providing an efficient and reliable tool for age inference in the region. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term effect of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers in the treatment of peri-implantitis in patients with type 2 diabetes Sun Bin, Wang Ping 2026, 35 (1):  54-59.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.009 Abstract ( 27 )   PDF (680KB) ( 11 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the short-term efficacy of Nd:YAG laser and Er:YAG laser in the treatment of peri-implantitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 97 patients with peri-implantitis of type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted from February 2021 to February 2024 were selected and divided into group A (n=48, Nd:YAG laser) and group B (n=49, Er:YAG laser) by random number table method.The periodontal indicators, levels of inflammatory factors, degree of bone resorption, bacterial content in gingival crevicular fluid, blood glucose levels, quality of life scores and therapeutic effects of the two groups of patients before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS: After treatment, the sulcus bleeding index (SBI), plaque index (PLI) and probing depth (PD) in group A and B decreased significantly. SBI, PLI and PD in group A were significantly lower than those in group B(P<0.05). After treatment, the bone resorption at the proximal and distal margins in groups A and B decreased significantly. The bone resorption at the proximal and distal margins in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05). The levels of inflammatory factors in the two groups decreased significantly after treatment. IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) of group A were significantly lower than those of group B (P<0.05). The bacterial content of gingival crevicular fluid in both groups decreased significantly after treatment. Group A was significantly lower than that in group B (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in blood glucose levels between the two groups of patients before and after treatment(P>0.05). After treatment, the quality of life scores of both groups increased significantly. The physical function, psychological function and total score of group A were significantly higher than those of group B(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total effective rate of treatment between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nd:YAG laser treatment for peri-implantitis in patients with type 2 diabetes can effectively improve periodontal conditions, reduce bone resorption, lower the levels of inflammatory factors and the bacterial content in gingival crevicular fluid, and enhance the quality of life. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteogenic effects and molecular biological evaluation of L-PRF combined with deproteinized bovine bone mineral in external maxillary sinus lift implantation Yao Xiu, Tu Yilin, Zhang Chenyang, Xu Xiaoming, Dong Zhengjie 2026, 35 (1):  60-65.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.010 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (1356KB) ( 26 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical osteogenic effect and molecular mechanism of the combined application of leucocyte platelet-rich fibrin(L-PRF) and deproteinized bovine bone mineral(DBBM) in lateral window maxillary sinus floor elevation and bone grafting surgery. METHODS: A total of 40 patients who underwent lateral window maxillary sinus floor elevation and bone grafting at Shanghai Stomatological Hospital from January 2023 to March 2025 were selected and divided into two groups: the control group (treated with DBBM alone, n=20) and the experimental group (treated with DBBM combined with autologous L-PRF, n=20). At 3 and 6 months after surgery, histological and molecular biological analyses were performed to evaluate the osteogenic volume, osteogenic activity, collagen formation, and bone mineralization in the bone graft area. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) were used to further analyze the relevant molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: The osteogenic volume and activity of the experimental group at 3 and 6 months after surgery were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). In the experimental group, collagen formation was significant at 3 months, and bone remodeling was more obvious at 6 months with the formation of Haversian canals(P<0.05). RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression level of COL10A1 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. IHC results also confirmed that the expression of COL10A1 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 3 and 6 months after surgery(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of L-PRF and DBBM can significantly increase the osteogenic volume, improve the osteogenic quality, and accelerate the healing speed in the bone graft area during lateral window maxillary sinus floor elevation and bone grafting surgery. It optimizes the bone repair process by promoting the expression of COL10A1. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the efficacy of three different bone removal methods in the extraction of mesial and low impacted mandibular wisdom teeth Zhou Qian, Qin Tingfei, Qin Xucai 2026, 35 (1):  66-71.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.011 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (689KB) ( 24 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser, piezosurgery and high-speed turbine drill in the extraction of mesial and low impacted mandibular wisdom teeth. METHODS: A total of 119 patients with mesial and low mandibular impacted wisdom teeth who were admitted from April 2021 to July 2023 were selected and divided into group A(n=38), group B(n=40) and group C(n=41) according to different bone removal methods. Group A was treated with high-speed turbine drilling, group B was treated with Er:YAG laser and group C was treated with piezosurgery. Postoperative indexes, visual analogue score (VAS) of postoperative pain, facial swelling, mouth opening limitation, complications and postoperative satisfaction were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: The intraoperative blood loss in group C was significantly lower than that in groups A and B (P<0.05), and that in group B was significantly lower than that in group A (P<0.05). The tooth extraction time in group B was significantly longer than that in groups A and C(P<0.05), and that in group C was significantly longer than that in group A (P<0.05). Pain VAS of the three groups on the 7th day after surgery was significantly lower than that on the 1st day after surgery (P<0.05), and pain VAS of groups B and C were significantly lower than that of group A (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between group B and C (P>0.05). The degree of facial swelling on the 7th day after surgery in the three groups was significantly lower than that on the 3rd day after surgery(P<0.05), and groups B and C were significantly lower than group A(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups B and C(P>0.05). The degree of mouth opening limitation on the 7th day after surgery in the three groups was significantly lower than that on the 3rd day after surgery (P<0.05), and groups B and C were significantly lower than group A (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups B and C(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications among the three groups(P>0.05). The postoperative satisfaction of group C was significantly higher than group A and group B(P<0.05), and the postoperative satisfaction of group B was significantly higher than group A(P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that operation time <20 min, intraoperative blood loss<5 mL and intraoperative pain VAS <2 were independent protective factors for the improvement of patients' satisfaction (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with Er:YAG laser, high-speed turbine drill and piezosurgery have better effects in the extraction of mesial and low mandibular impacted wisdom teeth. Both of them can reduce postoperative pain and intraoperative trauma, improve the degree of facial swelling and mouth opening limitation of patients. Moreover, compared with high-speed turbo drill and Er:YAG laser, piezosurgery can improve patients' satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of biological functional complete denture in repairing middle-aged and elderly patients with missing dentition Duanmu Tingting, Lei Fan, Wang Qinqin, Sun Hong 2026, 35 (1):  72-76.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.012 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (565KB) ( 22 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of biological functional complete denture in the repair of middle-aged and elderly patients with missing dentition. METHODS: One hundred and one middle-aged and elderly patients with complete denture loss from February 2021 to March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into the control group (traditional complete denture, n=52) and the experimental group (biological functional complete denture, n=49) according to different restoration methods. Masticatory function, EMG activity of masticatory muscle, clinical efficacy, comfort level, oral health and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Three months after treatment, the masticatory efficiency and absorbance of masticatory substances were significantly increased in 2 groups (P<0.05), and those in the experimental group were higher (P<0.05). Surface electromyography and asymmetry index (AI) of anterior temporal tract and masseter muscle in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05), and the total effective rate was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). Three months after treatment, the scores of general comfort questionnaire(GCQ) in 2 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and those in the experimental group were higher (P<0.05); the score of oral health impact profile-14(OHIP-14) was decreased in both groups(P<0.05), and was lower in the experimental group (P<0.05). Satisfaction rate of patients in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Biofunctional complete denture restoration can improve the comfort and oral health status of middle-aged and elderly patients with denture loss, enhance the masticatory function and the myoelectric activity of masticatory muscle, and improve patient satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quadratic correlation analysis between cephalometric measurements and facial profile attractiveness Feng Xiaofan, Chen Xin, Ren Hongyu 2026, 35 (1):  77-82.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.013 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (730KB) ( 10 )   PURPOSE: To explore the nonlinear quadratic relationship between cephalometric measurements and facial attractiveness. METHODS: Photographs were used by 16 laypersons to rate the attractiveness of 180 adult patients without orthodontic treatment.The quadratic correlation between 37 cephalometric measures(obtained from lateral cephalograms) and facial attractiveness was calculated, and the maximum attractiveness values(MAVs) for significant cephalometric measures were identified. RESULTS: Nineteen measures demonstrated significant quadratic correlations with facial attractiveness, with r values from 0.203 to 0.529. The top 12 parameters that had a significant quadratic correlation with facial attractiveness were ANB angle (r = 0.529, MAV = 2.3°), NA-APo (0.505, 3.9°), G'-Sn-Pog' (0.467, 11.1°), UL-EP (0.440, -0.3 mm), Wits (0.415, 0.1 mm), facial angle (0.374, 89.1°), FMIA (0.374, 63.6°), Pog' to G Vert (0.374, 0.7 mm), N' Vert-Pog'(0.368, 4.2 mm), SNB(0.367, 79.2°), L1-NB (0.346, 5.3 mm) and L1-NB (0.340, 25.2°), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The protrusion of the upper lip and the anteroposterior position of the mandible may be the primary cephalometric parameters related to subjective facial profile perceptions. The position of the lower incisor contributed more to facial attractiveness than the upper incisor. It is noteworthy that the normal values for most cephalometric measurements differ significantly from the MAV, indicating that these normal values do not accurately reflect facial attractiveness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A CBCT study on the inclination of the maxillary occlusal plane and related measurements in adolescent skeletal ClassⅠand ClassⅡpatients with normal vertical angles Ding Yuanfeng, Wu Xiangbing, Gao Yunxia, Sun Yingyuan, Li Qingqing, Song Lijuan 2026, 35 (1):  83-87.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.014 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (678KB) ( 17 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the differences and correlations in the inclination of the maxillary anterior and posterior occlusal planes, mandibular plane angle, mandibular angles(total angle, upper angle, lower angle), and lower facial height between adolescent patients with skeletal Class Ⅰ and skeletal Class Ⅱ normodivergent facial patterns based on CBCT, so as to provide a reference for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment of these two groups of patients. METHODS: A total of 37 adolescent patients with skeletal Class Ⅰ normodivergent facial pattern and 37 with skeletal Class Ⅱ normodivergent facial pattern who received orthodontic treatment at Suzhou Stomatological Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected. CBCT scanning and Dolphin Imaging 11.95 software were used to reconstruct lateral cephalograms. The inclinations of the maxillary anterior occlusal plane and posterior occlusal plane, as well as the total mandibular angle, upper mandibular angle, lower mandibular angle, lower facial height, mandibular plane angle(MP-FH), SNA angle, SNB angle, and ANB angle were measured. RESULTS: The inclinations of the maxillary anterior and posterior occlusal planes in the skeletal Class Ⅱ group were significantly greater than those in the skeletal Class Ⅰ group(P<0.01); the total mandibular angle, lower mandibular angle, lower facial height, and mandibular plane angle in the skeletal Class Ⅱ group were significantly larger than those in the skeletal Class Ⅰ group(P<0.05); the SNA angle in the skeletal Class Ⅱ group was larger (P<0.05), while the SNB angle was smaller (P<0.01). In both groups, the inclinations of the maxillary anterior and posterior occlusal planes were positively correlated with the lower facial height and mandibular plane angle, with statistically significant correlations(P<0.05); they were negatively correlated with the SNA angle and SNB angle, and positively correlated with the ANB angle, among which the correlations in the skeletal Class Ⅱ group were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The inclinations of the maxillary anterior and posterior occlusal planes are related to the sagittal and vertical skeletal facial patterns; they are positively correlated with the mandibular plane angle, lower facial height, and ANB angle, which negatively correlates with the SNA angle and SNB angle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of postoperative xerostomia and contributory factors in patients with oral cancer Guo Xingtong, Hou Lili 2026, 35 (1):  88-94.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.015 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (747KB) ( 22 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the current status of postoperative xerostomia in patients with oral cancer and the contributory factors. METHODS: A total of 140 patients undergoing oral cancer surgery in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from March 2022 to November 2022 were selected as the study objects. The Numberical Rating Scale(NRS) and Unstimulated Saliva Flow Rate(USFR) were used to assess the degree of oral dryness. Thirst level was assessed using the Thirst Distress Scale(TDS). The quality of life and psychological status of patients were evaluated by Quality of Life Questionnaire-the Head and Neck Cancer Module (QLQ-H&N35) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale. The influence factors of NRS and USFR were analyzed by univariate and multifactorial regression. RESULTS: The results of multifactorial analysis showed that in terms of dry mouth severity, patients more than 60 years old had higher NRS scores than those less than 60 years old(β=-0.133, P<0.001). Bilateral removal of submandibular gland had higher NRS score than those with unresected/unilateral submandibular gland removal(β=-0.139, P=0.002). Patients with tracheotomy had higher NRS score than those without tracheotomy(β=-0.104, P=0.007). The higher NRS scores for postoperative abstinence from drinking for five days or more(β=-0.099,P=0.002), higher NRS scores for open-mouth breathing(β=-0.103,P=0.006). Higher postoperative QLQ-H&N35(β=0.007,P<0.001) and TDS(β=0.112,P<0.001) scores were associated with more severe oral dryness. USFR was lower in females compared to males(β=0.009, P=0.045), patients with a history of alcohol consumption(β=-0.018, P=0.002), patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy(β=0.015, P=0.006), patients with more than 11h of preoperative abstinence from drinking(β=0.02, P=0.001), and tracheotomized patients(β=-0.011, P=0.048). Patients with lower preoperative USFR had lower postoperative USFR(β=0.105, P<0.001), patients with higher TDS scores had a lower USFR(β=-0.006, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Gender, age, submandibular gland removal, parotid duct ligation, tracheotomy, length of postoperative abstinence from drinking, open-mouth breathing, postoperative quality of life, and thirst affected patients' oral dryness and salivation. Healthcare professionals should recognize early and provide a basis for developing care measures to reduce oral dryness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on deciduous dental caries among school children aged 6-11 years in Xuhui District of Shanghai Meng Xinyu, Wu Yipei, Su Hongru, Yu Jinming 2026, 35 (1):  95-100.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.016 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (799KB) ( 16 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth among school-age children through oral health examination of 8 primary schools in Xuhui District of Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of caries. METHODS: A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select 11 344 school-age children aged 6-11 from eight public elementary schools in Xuhui District, Shanghai, as the survey subjects. Oral examinations were conducted according to the protocol of the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey. The incidence of caries and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth(DMFT) index were analyzed by SAS 9.4 software package. RESULTS: The caries prevalence among the 11 344 school-age children was 30.61%, with a mean DMFT score of 0.97±1.96. The caries prevalence in primary teeth was 25.43%, with a mean DMFT score of 0.85±1.87; while the caries prevalence in permanent teeth was 7.58%, with a mean DMFT score of 0.12±0.47. There was no statistically significant difference in caries prevalence and DMFT scores of primary teeth between boys and girls. However, girls had a higher caries prevalence and DMFT score in permanent teeth compared to boys, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). In different age groups, the caries prevalence in primary teeth initially increased with age and then decreased, with 8-year-old children having the highest prevalence. The caries prevalence in permanent teeth increased with age, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001). Regarding the position of the caries, the most affected primary teeth were the maxillary primary central incisors, primary molars, and mandibular primary molars; while the first permanent molars were the most affected permanent teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dental caries in both primary and permanent teeth among school-age children in Xuhui District of Shanghai is relatively high, and the affected teeth are concentrated. Early prevention and control of dental caries in school-age children should be strengthened. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation on the effect of grading management of severe early childhood caries in infants in Shanghai Jing 'an District Chen Qiwen, Zhou Qin, Shen Yanhua, Yu Xuedi, Zeng Xiaoli, Yu Jin, Jiang Huafeng, Miao Miao, Shi Le 2026, 35 (1):  101-106.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.017 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (698KB) ( 13 )   PURPOSE: Through specialty collaboration model, an evaluation was conducted based on graded management of severe early childhood caries in infants who are aged 12-18 months in Jing'an District, Shanghai. METHODS: Using the random cluster sampling method, totally 200 children aged 12 to 18 months were selected from each of the two community health care centers in Shanghai Jing'an District during September 2021 to March 2022, allocated as the control group and the experimental group, and caries risk assessment was conducted. Children in the control group received routine oral health care at the child health department, while children in the experimental group adopted dental caries grading management based on collaboration of specialty. A re-evaluation was conducted after 18 months of intervention. RESULTS: After 18 months of intervention, totally 31 of the 400 infants were lost to follow-up, the total caries prevalence rate was 22.8%. The caries prevalence rate in the control group was 29.8%, while that in the experimental group was 16.0%, with significant difference between the two groups (P=0.002). The reduction rate of caries risk grade in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P=0.012). The caries related factors in the control group included eating sugar-containing food or beverage more than 3 times/day (P<0.001), receiving professional fluoridation within 12 months(P<0.001) and regular oral examination(P=0.023). The caries related factors in the experimental group included eating sugar-containing food or beverage more than 3 times/day（P=0.005）, the caregiver performing floss for the child every day (P=0.022) and brush for the child every day(P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: It is capable to effectively reduce the caries prevalence rate and the risk of severe early childhood caries in infants aged 12-18 months by adopting dental caries grading management based on collaboration of specialty. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of chemical combined with mechanical selective caries removal on the treatment of deep caries Meng Danjie, Fan Cong, Dai Yongzheng, Yang Yingze, Zhou Yiwen, Tao Rui 2026, 35 (1):  107-112.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.01.018 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (1001KB) ( 58 )   PURPOSE: To observe the effect of different endpoints in chemical-mechanical caries removal for deep caries on the labial-buccal surface, and to provide reference for the selection of treatment methods and indications. METHODS: A total of 41 teeth diagnosed with deep caries and undergoing selective caries removal treatment were selected. According to the study criteria, chemical- mechanical decayed dentin, decayed dentin to toughened dentin (SRFD group) and decayed dentin to softened dentin(SRSD group) were recorded, and one-step filling was performed. The pulp activity, secondary caries, edge integrity, surface status, edge discoloration and cold irritation response of the affected tooth were observed and analyzed after 6 months. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the edge integrity, edge discolorimetry, surface status, secondary caries, cold irritation response and pulp activity 6 months after surgery(P>0.05). There was significant difference between 3 months and 6 months after operation in the SRSD group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference in the therapeutic effect of deep caries teeth treated by chemical-mechanical caries removal at different caries removal endpoints after 6 months of treatment, and there is no significant difference in the effect of decay endpoints on pulp electrical activity values. The effect of softening dentin by caries removal on pulp cold irritation response may occur at 6 months or more. References | Related Articles | Metrics