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25 April 2025, Volume 34 Issue 2 Previous Issue   

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CONTENTS 2025, 34 (2):  0-0.  Abstract ( 7 )   PDF (740KB) ( 9 )   Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the effectiveness of different types of decalcifying solutions in the preparation of combined oral and maxillofacial tooth-mandibular-periodontal tissues Gu Ting, Wang Min, Wang Yu, Li Jiang, Zhang Chunye 2025, 34 (2):  113-118.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.001 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (1461KB) ( 8 )   PURPOSE: Comparative analysis of MORSE, formic acid and Plank-Rychlo decalcification solution for the treatment of combined tooth-mandibular-periodontal tissues to explore their application value. METHODS: Specimens including normal teeth, jaws and periodontal tissues discarded from Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were collected and randomly divided into 3 groups to analyse the differences in decalcification time, staining effect and nucleic acid integrity of 3 different decalcification solutions. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean decalcification time was 4.5, 3.5 and 3.6 days in the MORSE, formic acid and Plank-Rychlo group, respectively. H-E staining scores were in descending order in the MORSE, formic acid and Plank-Rychlo group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that AE1/AE3, p63 and Ki67 scores in MORSE group were better than those in the formic acid group and the Plank-Rychlo group, and Vimentin staining indices showed no significant difference between the 3 groups. In the fluorescence in situ hybridisation results, normal fluorescence signals were detected in 15 cases in MORSE group, 1 case in formic acid group and 4 cases in Plank-Rychlo group. The mean DNA concentration was 1.987, 1.963 and 1.115 ng/μL in MORSE, formic acid and Plank-Rychlo group, respectively; and the mean RNA concentration was 13.03, 11.08 and 1.66 ng/μL, respectively. There was no significant difference in DNA concentration and RNA concentration between MORSE and formic acid group(P>0.05), and both DNA and RNA concentrations were higher in the 2 groups than those in Plank-Rychlo group(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MORSE decalcification solution has comprehensive advantages in the treatment of combined tooth-mandibular-periodontal tissues and is of value in the clinical, teaching and research aspects of pathology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Segmentation and validation of mandibular canal and its bifurcation on cone beam CT based on deep learning Ye Ye, Fang Shuobo, Lu Huitong, Liu Mingqian, Wu Xueying 2025, 34 (2):  119-125.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.002 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (1649KB) ( 11 )   PURPOSE: To train the U-net of convolutional neural network to establish a method for detecting and segmenting the mandibular canal and its bifurcation, and validate its accuracy based on the ground truth labeled by experts. METHODS: A total of 290 CBCT scans were collected from Shanghai Stomatological Hospital from Jan. 2022 to Dec. 2022, which were divided into training set of 200 scans and test set of 90 scans. Model training included two steps. In the first step, bilateral mandibular canals and its bifurcation of 50 CBCT scans were labeled in 3D Slicer image computing platform by investigators. Three dimensional U-net segmentation model were trained initially with data enhancement. A morphological post-processing method was applied to the predicted results. In the second step, pseudo label method was employed to help annotating the mandibular canal and corresponding bifurcations on remaining 150 CBCTs, which would be included in training set after revision. Three dimensional U-net model was trained based on these 200 data. During test phase, totally 90 scans were labeled by two doctors and U-net model respectively. Consistency check was conducted to evaluate the labels between two doctors. Dice similarity coefficient and Hausdorff distance were calculated to evaluate the labels between doctors and the model. The detection rate of bifurcation was calculated. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: In 90 CBCT test set, the Kappa value between two dentists' annotations was 0.667. The average Dice and Hausdorff distance between predictions and labels of doctors were (0.739±0.068) and (0.988±1.14) mm. In bifurcation detection, the detection rate was 91.30% on scans with clear bifurcations. CONCLSIONS: The dentification and segmentation U-net model of mandibular canal on dental CBCT can be reliable and practical for its high segmentation precision and predicting speed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of LINC 00478 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its effect on proliferation, migration and invasion Zhao Qian, Han Linzi, Zhao Lu, Wang Lili, Zhuang Likun, Yuan Rongtao 2025, 34 (2):  126-131.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.003 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (1195KB) ( 5 )   PUEPOSE: To examine the expression difference of LINC 00478 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and analyze its relationship with the prognosis of OSCC patients. To investigate the effects of LINC 00478 on proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells, with the goal of offering a new potential approach for molecular detection and clinical diagnosis of OSCC. METHODS: Transcriptome data samples from OSCC were obtained from TCGA, and R software was utilized to assess the expression variance of LINC 00478 in OSCC tumor and normal tissues. Tissue samples from 26 OSCC patients, including cancer and adjacent tissues, were collected for RT-PCR analysis to determine the differential expression of LINC 00478 in OSCC tissues. In vitro experiments were conducted to explore the impact of LINC 00478 on proliferation, invasion, and migration of CAL27 cells. CCK-8 assay was used to observe the proliferation capability of LINC 00478 in CAL27 cells, while Transwell experiment was employed to assess its effects on cell migration and invasion. GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Analysis of the TCGA database revealed that LINC 00478 was weakly expressed in OSCC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001), with high-expression LINC 00478 correlating with improved patient prognosis(P<0.05). Furthermore, LINC 00478 was significantly under-expressed in 26 OSCC tissues (P<0.001). Experimental data from CCK-8 assays indicated that upregulation of LINC 00478 suppressed CAL27 proliferation (P<0.05). Additionally, Transwell experiments demonstrated that high-expression LINC 00478 significantly inhibited CAL27 migration and invasion (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LINC 00478 is significantly under-expressed in OSCC, and its high expression is positively correlated with a better prognosis. Over-expression of the LINC 00478 gene has been shown to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CAL27 cells, suggesting a potential role in inhibiting cancer progression in OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the correlation between the expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis, tumor-associated macrophages and the clinical prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma Li Muqiu, Li Chenxi, Wei Wei, Chen Cheng, Wang Bing, Gong Zhongcheng, Guo Wei, Ren Guoxin 2025, 34 (2):  132-138.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.004 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (2689KB) ( 10 )   PURPOSE: To explore the immunoexpression and clinical significance regarding Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) in the tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: A total of 200 OSCC patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between June 2008 and June 2020 were divided into P.gingivalis-strong-expression group(n=139) and P. gingivalis-weak-expression group (n=61), based on the immunohistochemical(IHC) staining. The detection of DOK3 and TAM was performed to quantify their expression level in two groups, respectively. The associations between the three mentioned biomarkers and clinicopathologic indicators were compared between the two groups, and the impact on patients' prognosis was also analyzed. R 4.2.2 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Death, late-stage cancer, T3-T4 and N(+) stage, large size (≥3 cm), moderate and poor differentiation, and recurrence exhibited significant associations with strong immunoexpression of P. gingivalis(P<0.05). Several variables of OSCC patients with strong immunoexpression of P. gingivalis including age, survival status, T and N stage, recurrence exhibited significant associations with strong immunoexpression of DOK3 (P<0.05); whereas T stage, clinical stage and tumor differentiation exhibited significant associations with strong immunoexpression of TAM (P<0.05). Additionally, the immunoexpression of P. gingivalis was positively associated with the immunoexpression of DOK3 and TAM(P<0.01). The prognosis of OSCC patients with strong positive expression of P. gingivalis, DOK3 and TAM was worse than that of patients with weak immunoexpression, respectively(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: P. gingivalis is positively correlated with DOK3 and TAM. In addition, the strong immunoexpression levels of P. gingivalis, DOK3 and tumor-associated macrophage are associated with poor prognosis in patients with OSCC. Collectively, the mentioned three biomarkers can be considered as important indicators for evaluating clinical prognosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the relationship between etiology and influencing factors of burning mouth syndrome Zhou Huirong, Lin Xiaoping 2025, 34 (2):  139-145.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.005 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (794KB) ( 13 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the etiology and related influencing factors of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). METHODS: A total of 109 patients with BMS who visited the Department of Stomatology of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from November 2022 to October 2023 were selected, and 84 healthy volunteers who participated in the survey during the same period were selected as the control group. The basic information of the research subjects was recorded, and oral health status, periodontal health status and psychological status of the research subjects were evaluated. Student's t test, Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the factors affecting the incidence of BMS with SPSS 27.0 software package. RESULTS: Mono-factor analysis showed that residual crown, residual root, periodontitis, anxiety status, depressive status, sleep disorders, menopause, diabetes, digestive system diseases and lacunar infarction were related to the incidence of BMS (P<0.05). The variables with P<0.1 in mono-factor analysis were selected for multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that periodontitis, COVID-19, anxiety status, depressive status, sleep disorders, lacunar infarction, and digestive system diseases were factors affecting the incidence of BMS (P<0.05 and OR>1). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis and treatment of BMS require multidisciplinary cooperation of specialists such as psychiatry, neurology and gastroenterology, and active treatment of systemic or related diseases. In addition to strengthening oral hygiene and periodontal health management for patients, clinical practitioners should also pay attention to the aggravation of BMS patients' pain intensity, sleep quality and anxiety caused by COVID-19 pandemic, and provide timely psychological counseling to better control the development of BMS. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A clinical control study of bleeding tendency and risk factors in patients with oral antithrombotic drugs after dental extractions Luo Qi, Zhu Zhu, Shi Huan, Zhou Qin, Yu Chuangqi 2025, 34 (2):  146-151.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.006 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (766KB) ( 8 )   PURPOSE: To explore the bleeding tendency and related risk factors of patients with or without oral antithrombotic drugs after tooth extraction, in order to provide theoretical reference for perioperative management of tooth extraction. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted among patients who attended the Cardiovascular Tooth Extraction Specialist Clinic of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from March 2023 to June 2023. The patients were divided into experimental group (medication group) and control group (no medication group) according to whether they took antithrombotic drugs for a long time. Teeth extraction was performed under ECG monitoring and postoperative bleeding was followed up to analyze the incidence of bleeding and related risk factors. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 645 patients were included, including 305 patients in the medication group and 340 patients in the non-medication group. Bleeding events occurred in 17 cases (5.6%, 17/305) in the medication group and 1 (0.3%, 1/340) in the non-medication group, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that old age (OR: 4.089, 95%CI: 1.351-12.374, P=0.013) had a significant positive effect on postoperative bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Oral antithrombotic drugs and advanced age are the risk factors for postoperative bleeding in patients with cardiovascular diseases undergoing tooth extractions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the efficacy of modified Twin-block appliance combined with micro-implant anchorage in the treatment of Angle Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion Lu Chunyan, Cui Xuelei, Cao Peipei 2025, 34 (2):  152-156.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.007 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (513KB) ( 9 )   PURPOSE: To explore the effectiveness of improved Twin block appliances combined with micro-implant anchorage in correction of Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of medical records of 96 patients with Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion treated at Rugao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to January 2022 was conducted. The patients were divided into experimental group (n=52) and control group (n=44) based on the treatment methods. The control group was treated with modified Twin-block appliance, while the experimental group was treated with modified Twin-block appliance combined with micro-implant anchorage. Comparison was made between the two groups regarding treatment duration, time to achieve bite opening, alignment time, ANB angle, SNB angle, SNA angle, U1-NA angle, U1-NB angle, U1-SN angle, L1-MP angle, upper lip protrusion(ULP), lower lip protrusion (LLP), Z angle, plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI). Complications and patient satisfaction were recorded. SPSS 24.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The treatment duration, time to achieve bite opening and alignment time in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, ANB, U1-NA and U1-SN of the two groups were lower than before treatment, and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). U1-NB and L1-MP were higher than those before treatment, and the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between SNB and SNA (P>0.05). After treatment, ULP and LLP of the two groups were lower than before treatment, and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). Z-angle of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). PLI in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between GI and SBI (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in satisfaction between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The modified Twin-block appliance combined with micro-implant anchorage can help to shorten the treatment time, improve the jaw and facial soft tissue contour, and promote the recovery of dental aesthetics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of sliding vermilion flap in angulus oris defect after buccal mucosa cancer ablation Wu Kun, Wu Hanjiang 2025, 34 (2):  157-161.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.008 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (1469KB) ( 13 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of sliding vermilion flap in angulus oris defect after buccal mucosal cancer ablation. METHODS: A total of 33 patients with buccal mucosal cancer who underwent buccal mucosal cancer radical surgery and resection of angulus oris, and reconstructed with free anterolateral thigh flap transfer and sliding vermilion flap were collected from January 2015 to April 2021 in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Second Xiangya Hospital. Thirty-three patients with buccal mucosal cancer admitted to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2015 to April 2021 were selected. All patients underwent combined buccal-mandibulectomy and neck radical operation and resection of oral angle, and underwent anterolateral femoral free flap and lip red elastic flap reconstruction. The angulus oris outcome, aesthetics outcome, masticatory efficacy, swallowing and speech function were assessed by FACT-HN (The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck). The mouth opening was measured and recorded. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The success rate of free flap transplantation was 100% in 33 patients. Although the aesthetics outcome was decreased at postoperative 1 year compared with that of preoperative duration (P<0.001), there was no significant difference of angulus oris outcome at postoperative 1 year compared with that of preoperative duration (P>0.05). Moreover, the masticatory function was significantly improved at postoperative 1 year compared with that of preoperative duration(P=0.004). However, there was no significant difference of speech and swallowing function at postoperative 1 year compared with that of preoperative duration (P>0.05). The mouth opening was significantly improved at postoperative 1 year compared with that of preoperative duration(P<0.05), and the satisfaction of mouth opening in these patients was 75.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of sliding vermilion flap can ideally repair the angulus oris, and offer a novel method to reconstruct defect of angulus oris. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the efficacy of iRoot BP Plus combined with Nd∶YAG laser in the treatment of cariogenic pulp exposure Zhou Yuying, Zhang Xu, Yuan Juan 2025, 34 (2):  162-165.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.009 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (489KB) ( 7 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the pulp capping effect of iRoot BP Plus combined with Nd: YAG laser irradiation in the treatment of caries induced exposed pulp and its impact on pulp vitality and occlusal function recovery. METHODS: From January 2022 to January 2023, a total of 196 patients with dental caries and exposed pulp, including 268 permanent teeth, were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group of 98 patients (136 teeth) and control group of 98 patients (132 teeth) using computer randomization. Both groups were treated with Nd:YAG laser after cleaning the caries. The experimental group was filled with iRoot BP Plus and the control group was filled with mineral trioxide polymer (MTA). The treatment efficacy, pulp vitality and occlusal function were compared between the two groups. SPSS 24.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the success rate of treatment between the two groups at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery(P>0.05). At 12 months after treatment, the bite force and chewing efficiency of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). At 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, the pulp vitality and pulp blood flow in both groups significantly decreased compared to preoperative levels (P<0.05); the pulp vitality and pulp blood flow of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: iRoot BP Plus combined with Nd∶YAG laser in the treatment of cariogenic exposed pulp is helpful to preserve pulp vitality and improve occlusal function. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the effect of glass fiber and cobalt alloy post-core all-ceramic crowns on the restoration of anterior teeth Dong Kaili, Lyu Shanshan, Zhang Min 2025, 34 (2):  166-170.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.010 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (594KB) ( 7 )   PURPOSE: To compare the effect of glass fiber post core porcelain crown and cobalt alloy post core porcelain crown in repairing residual root and crown of the anterior teeth. METHODS: The data of 121 patients with residual root and crown of anterior teeth admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to December 2023 were reviewed, of which 61 patients were treated with glass fiber post-core porcelain crown restoration (experimental group) and 60 patients with cogger alloy post core all porcelain crown repair (control group). The repair outcomes of the two groups were recorded after 12 months of follow-up. The final results, aesthetic effect, periodontal health index, gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory factors and complications were compared between the two groups. SPSS 18.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The success rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pink esthetic scores (PES) and white aesthetic scores (WES) between the two groups before and after treatment (P<0.05). The sulcus bleeding index (SBI), gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PLI) after treatment were significantly lower in both groups than before treatment (P<0.05), and the experimental group after treatment was more lower(P<0.05). TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 levels after treatment were significantly lower in both groups than before treatment (P<0.05), and TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the experimental group after treatment were more lower (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total complication rate between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to cobalt alloy post-core all-porcelain crown, glass fiber post-core all-porcelain crown can enhance the repair effect, improve periodontal health, inhibit the damage of gingival crevicular fluid inflammation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The study on the effects of different shapes of nasopalatine canals on tooth movement and implantation during orthodontic and implant treatment with CBCT Zhu Wanyu, Shi Xiaoyu, Yang Jie, Nie Jing 2025, 34 (2):  171-176.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.011 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (1076KB) ( 5 )   PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the nasopalatine canal(NPC) shape and its morphometric characteristics on expected teeth movement by assessing the distance to maxillary central incisors (MCIs) according to NPC type. METHODS: A total of 200 patients with CBCT imaging data meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. The nasopharyngeal canal in the sagittal plane was classified. The following parameters were obtained: incisor foramen diameter, nasopalatine canal length, anterio-posterior diameter of incisor foramen (A-P IF), anterio-posterior diameter of Stenson foramen (A-P NF), nasopalatine tube 1/2 length diameter(M-L IF), and the distance between NPC and MCIs. The data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: Diameter of incisor hole（P=0.045）, A-P IF（P=0.001）, M-L IF（P<0.001）, A-P NF（P<0.001） had significant difference. In cylindrical-shaped NPC, a significant correlation was observed for NPC length, while in funnel-shaped NPC, a significant correlation was observed for A-P IF and NPC length. In hourglass-shaped NPC, a significant correlation was observed for A-P IF, A-P NF, and NPC length. CONCLUSIONS: Each NPC shape showed specific impacts on the relationship between NPC diameters at different sections and distances to MCIs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement of deciduous canine and construction of standardized virtual crown based on ray projection Sang Xiaoxue, Ding Zhimin, Yan Fei, Yao Ning, Kong Jiaxin, Zhai Liyun, Mei Youmin, Ji Dafeng 2025, 34 (2):  177-183.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.012 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (2408KB) ( 10 )   PURPOSE: To explore the construction process of a standard virtual crown for deciduous canine teeth, provide a foundation for the establishment of a standard crown model for deciduous canine teeth, and reference and basis for the application of CAM/CAM technology in pediatric dentistry. METHODS: A total of 65 children aged 4-5 years old with caries free deciduous canine were selected from the Imaging Department of Nantong Stomatological Hospital, including 34 boys and 31 girls. The obtained DICOM format data was imported into 3DSlicer 5.0.3 software for ray projection rendering and reconstruction. Using the ruler tool in the software, crown data of deciduous teeth were extracted, crown width, thickness and length were measured, and the data were divided into male and female, upper and lower deciduous teeth for Student's t test. The reconstructed model was modified according to the test results, and the mean and median models of crown width, thickness and length of male/female upper/lower deciduous teeth were established. A vernier caliper was used to measure the isolated milk fangs. The results of virtual measurement and specimen measurement were compared by Student's t test. MATLAB R 2016a software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the three radial directions between males and females; There was a statistical difference in crown width and thickness between the upper and lower deciduous canines, but there was no significant difference in crown length. The average values of crown width, crown thickness, and crown length of girls' maxillary deciduous canines were 6.20, 3.97 , and 5.61 mm, respectively, with a median of 6.15, 3.82 and 5.53 mm. The average values of crown width, crown thickness, and crown length of girls' mandibular deciduous canines were 5.47, 4.25 and 5.66 mm, respectively, with median values of 5.45, 4.22 and 5.68 mm, respectively. The average values of crown width, crown thickness, and crown length of male primary teeth were 6.40, 4.14 and 5.87 mm, respectively, with median values of 6.40, 4.04 and 6.05 mm. The average values of crown width, crown thickness, and crown length of male mandibular deciduous canines were 5.69, 4.53 and 6.00 mm, respectively, with median values of 5.64, 4.65 and 6.06 mm. Based on the above values, virtual crown mean and median models were established for male/female maxillary and mandibular deciduous canines. CONCLUSIONS: The diameter values obtained by ray projection and measurement in 3DSlicer have higher reliability compared to specimen measurements. The measurement results can be used to establish a virtual model of the male/female upper and lower primary canine standard crown, providing a reference for the establishment of the primary canine standard crown model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of oral occlusal exercises on occlusal performance of oral cancer patients following segmental mandibulectomy without simultaneous reconstruction Yang Ling, Zhou Tian, Zhao Ning, Qu Xingzhou, Chen Weihong, Zhao Yan, Hou Lili 2025, 34 (2):  184-190.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.013 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (1111KB) ( 8 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of oral occlusion exercises on occlusal performance of oral cancer patients who underwent segmental mandibular resection without simultaneous reconstruction. METHODS: From October 2022 to May 2023, a total of 63 oral cancer patients who underwent segmental mandibular resection without reconstruction at the Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected. They were randomly divided into control group (30 patients) and experimental group (33 patients). The control group received conventional care, while the experimental group underwent oral occlusion exercises except conventional care. After three months, the maximum total occlusal force(TOF), asymmetry index of occlusal force(AOF), center of occlusal force(COF), and mastication efficiency of both groups were compared. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, TOF in the experimental group was increased, AOF and COF were decreased, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). The masticatory efficiency of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Oral occlusal exercises can improve occlusal performance in patients with mandibular resection without reconstruction, but larger sample size and rigorous design are needed to further verify its clinical effect and mechanism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective analysis of 956 cases with dental trauma Li Jinheng, Zhao Junjun, Wu Tiantian, Tai Zhaowei, Dong Yiyun 2025, 34 (2):  191-195.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.014 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (1034KB) ( 11 )   PURPOSE: To find the clinical characteristics of permanent teeth trauma among young and adult people in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, and provide reference for the treatment and prevention of dental trauma among them. METHODS: The data of 956 patients who visited the Dental Trauma Clinic of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2021 to March 2023 were collected and analyzed according to age, gender, occupation, causes of trauma, types of tooth injuries, number and position of affected teeth, time to seek treatment after injury, and whether the patients had been exposed to popular science knowledge related to tooth trauma. RESULTS: The male to female ratio of dental trauma patients was 0.93∶1. The tooth position with the highest incidence of dental trauma was the maxillary central incisor, followed by the maxillary lateral incisor. Subluxation and uncomplicated crown fractures were the subcategories with the highest incidence of dental trauma. For the post-traumatic treatment time, 55.54% of patients sought medical consultation within 1-4 hours. Survey of the occupation of patients with dental trauma found that high-risk exposure accounted for only 7%. Among them, the highest risk occupation were builders and men for takeaway. Falls and traffic accidents were the main causes of dental trauma. Only 8% of the patients received scientific knowledge related to dental trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Tooth injuries are more common in the upper incisors, and the types of injuries are more common in crown fractures and subluxations. The main causes are falls and traffic accidents. Dentists should strengthen the popularization of knowledge about dental trauma, and the public should pay attention to strengthening the rational use of mobile phones, raising road safety awareness, and learning emergency treatment methods for dental trauma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of the relationship between the root apex of the posterior teeth and the maxillary sinus floor on the thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa Wu Jiongrui, Gao Yiming, Chen Liang 2025, 34 (2):  196-201.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.015 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (851KB) ( 8 )   PURPOSE: To measure and analyze the thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa under different relationships between the maxillary posterior teeth apex and the maxillary sinus floor on cone beam CT (CBCT). METHODS: A total of 987 patients requiring implant surgery due to dentition defect or loss were selected from Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2020 to December 2022. The maxillary posterior teeth most closely related to the maxillary sinus were observed on CBCT, the tooth position and root apex were recorded, and the vertical distance between the apex of the posterior tooth and the base of the maxillary sinus was measured. According to the distance between the root apex and the maxillary sinus floor, the posterior teeth were divided into three categories: Class Ⅰ: the distance between the root apex and the maxillary sinus floor (d >0 mm); Class Ⅱ : the root apex was attached to the maxillary sinus floor and the cortical bone of the maxillary sinus floor was continuous (d=0 mm); Class Ⅲ : apical protrusion into the maxillary sinus floor(d<0 mm). The thickness of the thickest part of the maxillary sinus floor mucosa was measured. The distance between the root and the maxillary sinus floor and the thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa were compared under different root-sinus floor relationship, and the correlation analysis was performed. SPSS 26.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Among the 1974 maxillary sinuses of 987 patients, there were 450 maxillary sinuses with Class I relationship between the posterior root apex and the maxillary sinus floor, while 126 (28%) of the maxillary second molar proximal root and the maxillary sinus floor were the most closely related. In ClassⅠrelationship, the average distance from root to the maxillary sinus floor was (2.9±2.7) mm, and the average thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa was (2.9±4.0) mm. There was no correlation between the distance from root to the maxillary sinus floor and the thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa. There were 808 maxillary sinuses with ClassⅡ relationship between the posterior root apex and the maxillary sinus floor, among which 132 (16.3%) maxillary first molars had the closest relationship with the maxillary sinus floor. In Class Ⅱ relationship, the average thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa was (3.0±4.6) mm. There were 249 maxillary sinuses with Class Ⅲ relationship between the posterior tooth root apex and the maxillary sinus floor, among which 87 (34.9%) palatal roots of the maxillary first molar were the most closely related to the maxillary sinus floor. The average distance from the root to the maxillary sinus floor was (-1.9±-1.4) mm, and the average thickness of maxillary sinus mucosa was (2.4±4.9) mm. There was a positive correlation between them (r=0.18, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The most common relationship between the posterior maxillary tooth apex and the maxillary sinus floor is Class Ⅱ. The palatal root of the first molar is most closely related to the maxillary sinus floor, the mesiobuccal root of the second molar ranks second. The thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa varies on the relationship between the different maxillary posterior teeth apex and the maxillary sinus floor. The average thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa in Class Ⅲ is thicker than Class Ⅱ and Class I. In Class Ⅲ, as the distance from the apices to the maxillary sinus floor increases, the thickness of maxillary sinus mucosa increases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic periodontitis Shang Yu, Jiang Yinhua, Chen Yuanming, Fu Haibiao, Li Fengdan 2025, 34 (2):  202-207.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.016 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (716KB) ( 11 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic periodontitis, as well as the sensitive population. METHODS: A total of 120 patients with T2DM and chronic periodontitis who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology at Lishui City People's Hospital from March 2022 to March 2023 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 60 patients in each group. All patients received oral health education, and their general information, community periodontal index (CPI), attachment loss (AL), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were collected. The experimental group received periodontal scaling and root planing. Three months later, CPI, AL, FPG, and HbA1c were measured. Stata 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: After periodontal scaling and root planing, the CPI, FPG, and HbA1c in the experimental group were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.01) and those in the control group(P<0.05). AL in the experimental group was also significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05) and the control group (P<0.05). The change of FPG after treatment was positively correlated with the duration of diabetes (P<0.01) and the baseline CPI(P<0.05), but negatively correlated with whether suffering from hypertension(P<0.05). It was also negatively correlated with the FPG level before treatment (P<0.01). The change of HbA1c after treatment was positively correlated with the duration of diabetes(P<0.05) and negatively correlated with the HbA1c level before treatment(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy is helpful to blood sugar control of type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis. Patients with higher baseline CPI levels and longer disease durations show greater improvement in glycemic control after treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of Lava Ultimate veneer combined with cast porcelain inlays in the treatment of mild-moderate dentition wear in the elderly patients Zhou Jianying, Wang Jing, Pang Shuting, Zhang Yansheng, Ma Huajing, Feng Yanfen, Zhao Shijun, Hu Kunpeng 2025, 34 (2):  208-212.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.017 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (619KB) ( 7 )   PURPOSE: To explore the effect of Lava Ultimate veneer combined with cast porcelain inlays in the treatment of mild-moderate dentition wear in the elderly. METHODS: A total of 60 elderly patients with mild-moderate dentition wear due to physical factors who underwent treatment from July 2019 to July 2023 were selected and randomly divided into control group(n=30) and experimental group(n=30). The control group received traditional all-ceramic crown restoration treatment, while the experimental group received Lava Ultimate veneers for anterior teeth and porcelain inlays for posterior teeth. The chewing efficiency, prosthesis effectiveness, periodontal index [gingival index(GI), plaque index (PI)], clinical efficacy, aesthetic satisfaction and comfort were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in chewing efficiency and absorbance between the two groups(P>0.05). After treatment, masticatory efficiency and absorbance of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). One week and 6 months after treatment, there was no significant difference in prosthesis margin fit, wear degree, retention, gingival condition, color, shape, secondary caries, restoration fracture, GI and PI between the two groups(P>0.05). At 12 months after treatment,the prosthesis margin fit, retention, gingival condition, GI and PI of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group(P<0.05). The total effective rate, satisfaction and comfort of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: After treatment with Lava Ultimate veneers for anterior teeth and porcelain inlays for posterior teeth, the masticatory efficiency of the elderly patients with mild-moderate dentition wear is improved, and the prosthesis effect, periodontal index, satisfaction and comfort are significantly improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of biomechanical effects and tissue reparability of photodynamic and laser in the adjuvant treatment of peri-implantitis Zhang Xiao, Yang Hui 2025, 34 (2):  213-217.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.018 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (567KB) ( 9 )   PURPOSE: To compare the biomechanical effects and tissue reparability of photodynamic and laser in the adjuvant treatment of peri-implantitis. METHODS: A total of 112 patients with peri-implantitis who were diagnosed and treated from March 2023 to April 2024 were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 56 cases in each group. On the basis of conventional symptomatic treatment, the control group received photodynamic therapy and the experimental group received laser therapy. The biomechanical effects [implant mobility(IM), peri-implant bone density(PBD), mesial and distal marginal bone resorption of the implant], tissue reparability[sulcus bleeding index (SBI), plaque index (PLI) and probing depth (PD)], inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinases-8(MMP-8)] and the proportion of Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.g) in the total bacterial count were compared before and 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: After 1-3 months of treatment, both groups showed significant decrease in IM, mesial and distal marginal bone resorption of the implant, SBI, PLI, PD, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP8, and the proportion of P.g to total bacteria (P<0.05), and significant increase in PBD (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvements in IM, PBD, mesial and distal marginal bone resorption of the implant, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP8 (P<0.05). Compared with the experimental group, the control group showed significant improvements in SBI, PLI, PD and the proportion of P.g to total bacteria (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both photodynamic and laser therapy can be used in the adjuvant treatment of peri-implantitis. Photodynamic therapy has advantages in tissue repair and reducing the proportion of P.g to total bacteria, while laser therapy has advantages in biomechanical effects and reducing inflammatory factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of pedicled buccal fat pad/mucoperiosteal composite flap technique to prevent and seal oroantral fistula Zou Jiaojiao, Hou Xiaoru, Wang Lin, Li Lifeng, Li Yanqiu, Hu Xiaoyi, Xing Xiaotao 2025, 34 (2):  218-224.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.019 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (1276KB) ( 14 )   PURPOSE: To summarize and evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the pedicled buccal fat pad combined with a mucoperiosteal composite flap in preventing and closing oroantral fistula. METHODS: This study included a total of 12 patients who underwent closure of surgical incisions following treatment of posterior maxillary lesions using a pedicled buccal fat pad combined with a mucoperiosteal composite flap. In all cases, the pedicled buccal fat pad was placed beneath the local mucoperiosteum to form a composite flap for incision closure. The retrospective analysis encompassed patients’ baseline data, including age, gender, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, imaging characteristics, surgical procedures, and treatment outcomes. Additionally, the analysis included an evaluation of the local functional outcomes in the operative area. RESULTS: Among the 12 patients, there was an equal distribution of males and females (1∶1 ratio), with an average age of (35.83±20.17) years. Among them, 8 cases had cystic lesions in the maxillary posterior region, 3 cases had oroantral fistula, and 1 case had maxillary comminuted fracture. All patients (100%) underwent surgery involving the maxillary posterior dental region adjacent to the maxillary sinus. Preoperative symptoms included swelling, pain, halitosis, and occlusal disorder. CT imaging revealed that bone destruction in the posterior maxilla frequently affected multiple teeth, often with impacted teeth, and showed a close association with the maxillary sinus. Buccal bone resorption or destruction was the predominant feature in the operative area, and after removal of the diseased teeth, limited buccal bone remained. Wound closure was achieved using a buccal fat pad/mucoperiosteal composite flap technique. During the follow-up period, all 12 patients healed successfully, with no occurrences of oral-nasal fistula. Additionally, no significant changes in buccal morphology or vestibular groove were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a pedicled buccal fat pad combined with a mucoperiosteal composite flap is effective in sealing and preventing oroantral fistula, improving clinical symptoms in cases involving oroantral fistula and maxillary posterior bone resorption during surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics