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Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (4): 0-0.   Abstract （970）      PDF （722KB）（47）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Segmentation and validation of mandibular canal and its bifurcation on cone beam CT based on deep learning Ye Ye, Fang Shuobo, Lu Huitong, Liu Mingqian, Wu Xueying Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 119-125.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.002 Abstract （422）      PDF （1649KB）（767）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To train the U-net of convolutional neural network to establish a method for detecting and segmenting the mandibular canal and its bifurcation, and validate its accuracy based on the ground truth labeled by experts. METHODS: A total of 290 CBCT scans were collected from Shanghai Stomatological Hospital from Jan. 2022 to Dec. 2022, which were divided into training set of 200 scans and test set of 90 scans. Model training included two steps. In the first step, bilateral mandibular canals and its bifurcation of 50 CBCT scans were labeled in 3D Slicer image computing platform by investigators. Three dimensional U-net segmentation model were trained initially with data enhancement. A morphological post-processing method was applied to the predicted results. In the second step, pseudo label method was employed to help annotating the mandibular canal and corresponding bifurcations on remaining 150 CBCTs, which would be included in training set after revision. Three dimensional U-net model was trained based on these 200 data. During test phase, totally 90 scans were labeled by two doctors and U-net model respectively. Consistency check was conducted to evaluate the labels between two doctors. Dice similarity coefficient and Hausdorff distance were calculated to evaluate the labels between doctors and the model. The detection rate of bifurcation was calculated. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: In 90 CBCT test set, the Kappa value between two dentists' annotations was 0.667. The average Dice and Hausdorff distance between predictions and labels of doctors were (0.739±0.068) and (0.988±1.14) mm. In bifurcation detection, the detection rate was 91.30% on scans with clear bifurcations. CONCLSIONS: The dentification and segmentation U-net model of mandibular canal on dental CBCT can be reliable and practical for its high segmentation precision and predicting speed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic periodontitis Shang Yu, Jiang Yinhua, Chen Yuanming, Fu Haibiao, Li Fengdan Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 202-207.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.016 Abstract （354）      PDF （716KB）（160）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic periodontitis, as well as the sensitive population. METHODS: A total of 120 patients with T2DM and chronic periodontitis who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology at Lishui City People's Hospital from March 2022 to March 2023 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 60 patients in each group. All patients received oral health education, and their general information, community periodontal index (CPI), attachment loss (AL), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were collected. The experimental group received periodontal scaling and root planing. Three months later, CPI, AL, FPG, and HbA1c were measured. Stata 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: After periodontal scaling and root planing, the CPI, FPG, and HbA1c in the experimental group were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.01) and those in the control group(P<0.05). AL in the experimental group was also significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05) and the control group (P<0.05). The change of FPG after treatment was positively correlated with the duration of diabetes (P<0.01) and the baseline CPI(P<0.05), but negatively correlated with whether suffering from hypertension(P<0.05). It was also negatively correlated with the FPG level before treatment (P<0.01). The change of HbA1c after treatment was positively correlated with the duration of diabetes(P<0.05) and negatively correlated with the HbA1c level before treatment(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy is helpful to blood sugar control of type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis. Patients with higher baseline CPI levels and longer disease durations show greater improvement in glycemic control after treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of pedicled buccal fat pad/mucoperiosteal composite flap technique to prevent and seal oroantral fistula Zou Jiaojiao, Hou Xiaoru, Wang Lin, Li Lifeng, Li Yanqiu, Hu Xiaoyi, Xing Xiaotao Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 218-224.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.019 Abstract （323）      PDF （1276KB）（127）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To summarize and evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the pedicled buccal fat pad combined with a mucoperiosteal composite flap in preventing and closing oroantral fistula. METHODS: This study included a total of 12 patients who underwent closure of surgical incisions following treatment of posterior maxillary lesions using a pedicled buccal fat pad combined with a mucoperiosteal composite flap. In all cases, the pedicled buccal fat pad was placed beneath the local mucoperiosteum to form a composite flap for incision closure. The retrospective analysis encompassed patients’ baseline data, including age, gender, diagnosis, clinical symptoms, imaging characteristics, surgical procedures, and treatment outcomes. Additionally, the analysis included an evaluation of the local functional outcomes in the operative area. RESULTS: Among the 12 patients, there was an equal distribution of males and females (1∶1 ratio), with an average age of (35.83±20.17) years. Among them, 8 cases had cystic lesions in the maxillary posterior region, 3 cases had oroantral fistula, and 1 case had maxillary comminuted fracture. All patients (100%) underwent surgery involving the maxillary posterior dental region adjacent to the maxillary sinus. Preoperative symptoms included swelling, pain, halitosis, and occlusal disorder. CT imaging revealed that bone destruction in the posterior maxilla frequently affected multiple teeth, often with impacted teeth, and showed a close association with the maxillary sinus. Buccal bone resorption or destruction was the predominant feature in the operative area, and after removal of the diseased teeth, limited buccal bone remained. Wound closure was achieved using a buccal fat pad/mucoperiosteal composite flap technique. During the follow-up period, all 12 patients healed successfully, with no occurrences of oral-nasal fistula. Additionally, no significant changes in buccal morphology or vestibular groove were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a pedicled buccal fat pad combined with a mucoperiosteal composite flap is effective in sealing and preventing oroantral fistula, improving clinical symptoms in cases involving oroantral fistula and maxillary posterior bone resorption during surgery. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of the relationship between the root apex of the posterior teeth and the maxillary sinus floor on the thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa Wu Jiongrui, Gao Yiming, Chen Liang Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 196-201.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.015 Abstract （310）      PDF （851KB）（166）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To measure and analyze the thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa under different relationships between the maxillary posterior teeth apex and the maxillary sinus floor on cone beam CT (CBCT). METHODS: A total of 987 patients requiring implant surgery due to dentition defect or loss were selected from Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2020 to December 2022. The maxillary posterior teeth most closely related to the maxillary sinus were observed on CBCT, the tooth position and root apex were recorded, and the vertical distance between the apex of the posterior tooth and the base of the maxillary sinus was measured. According to the distance between the root apex and the maxillary sinus floor, the posterior teeth were divided into three categories: Class Ⅰ: the distance between the root apex and the maxillary sinus floor (d >0 mm); Class Ⅱ : the root apex was attached to the maxillary sinus floor and the cortical bone of the maxillary sinus floor was continuous (d=0 mm); Class Ⅲ : apical protrusion into the maxillary sinus floor(d<0 mm). The thickness of the thickest part of the maxillary sinus floor mucosa was measured. The distance between the root and the maxillary sinus floor and the thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa were compared under different root-sinus floor relationship, and the correlation analysis was performed. SPSS 26.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Among the 1974 maxillary sinuses of 987 patients, there were 450 maxillary sinuses with Class I relationship between the posterior root apex and the maxillary sinus floor, while 126 (28%) of the maxillary second molar proximal root and the maxillary sinus floor were the most closely related. In ClassⅠrelationship, the average distance from root to the maxillary sinus floor was (2.9±2.7) mm, and the average thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa was (2.9±4.0) mm. There was no correlation between the distance from root to the maxillary sinus floor and the thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa. There were 808 maxillary sinuses with ClassⅡ relationship between the posterior root apex and the maxillary sinus floor, among which 132 (16.3%) maxillary first molars had the closest relationship with the maxillary sinus floor. In Class Ⅱ relationship, the average thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa was (3.0±4.6) mm. There were 249 maxillary sinuses with Class Ⅲ relationship between the posterior tooth root apex and the maxillary sinus floor, among which 87 (34.9%) palatal roots of the maxillary first molar were the most closely related to the maxillary sinus floor. The average distance from the root to the maxillary sinus floor was (-1.9±-1.4) mm, and the average thickness of maxillary sinus mucosa was (2.4±4.9) mm. There was a positive correlation between them (r=0.18, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The most common relationship between the posterior maxillary tooth apex and the maxillary sinus floor is Class Ⅱ. The palatal root of the first molar is most closely related to the maxillary sinus floor, the mesiobuccal root of the second molar ranks second. The thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa varies on the relationship between the different maxillary posterior teeth apex and the maxillary sinus floor. The average thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa in Class Ⅲ is thicker than Class Ⅱ and Class I. In Class Ⅲ, as the distance from the apices to the maxillary sinus floor increases, the thickness of maxillary sinus mucosa increases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of astaxanthin electrospun patches on oral mucosal ulcers in rats Wang Huan, Sun Pei, Liu Zhaochen, Zhang Hui, Guo Yiqing, Zhao Houping, Wang Peiyan, Deng Jing Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (3): 225-232.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.03.001 Abstract （306）      PDF （2324KB）（198）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of astaxanthin electrospun patches in treating oral ulcers in rats. METHODS: An oral ulcer model of rats was established by mechanical trauma, then the rats were randomly divided into astaxanthin electrospun patch group, chitosan patch group, metronidazole patch group and blank control group. The ulcer healing time and the area healing rate of each group were observed. The pathological changes of ulcer tissues in each group were observed and scored by H-E staining 2, 4 and 6 days after drug administration. Meanwhile, the toxic effects of the drugs on the rat organs were detected. The changes in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in ulcer tissues were detected by WST-1 and TBA methods. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were analyzed through immunohistochemistry experiments. RESULTS: Compared with the other groups, the astaxanthin electrospun patch could significantly accelerate the reduction of the ulcer area, promote its pathological healing, reduce the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and significantly decrease the content of MDA in the ulcer tissue while increasing the activity of SOD. Six days after administration, there were significant differences in the levels of SOD and MDA compared with the blank control group and the metronidazole patch group(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference compared with the chitosan patch group(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The astaxanthin electrospun patches have better performance in promoting ulcer healing, which may be related to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is expected to provide a natural marine preparation with better efficacy for the treatment of oral ulcers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the relationship between etiology and influencing factors of burning mouth syndrome Zhou Huirong, Lin Xiaoping Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 139-145.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.005 Abstract （304）      PDF （794KB）（242）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To analyze the etiology and related influencing factors of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). METHODS: A total of 109 patients with BMS who visited the Department of Stomatology of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from November 2022 to October 2023 were selected, and 84 healthy volunteers who participated in the survey during the same period were selected as the control group. The basic information of the research subjects was recorded, and oral health status, periodontal health status and psychological status of the research subjects were evaluated. Student's t test, Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the factors affecting the incidence of BMS with SPSS 27.0 software package. RESULTS: Mono-factor analysis showed that residual crown, residual root, periodontitis, anxiety status, depressive status, sleep disorders, menopause, diabetes, digestive system diseases and lacunar infarction were related to the incidence of BMS (P<0.05). The variables with P<0.1 in mono-factor analysis were selected for multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that periodontitis, COVID-19, anxiety status, depressive status, sleep disorders, lacunar infarction, and digestive system diseases were factors affecting the incidence of BMS (P<0.05 and OR>1). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis and treatment of BMS require multidisciplinary cooperation of specialists such as psychiatry, neurology and gastroenterology, and active treatment of systemic or related diseases. In addition to strengthening oral hygiene and periodontal health management for patients, clinical practitioners should also pay attention to the aggravation of BMS patients' pain intensity, sleep quality and anxiety caused by COVID-19 pandemic, and provide timely psychological counseling to better control the development of BMS. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A new fixed Twin-block appliance in the treatment of adolescent patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion Ding Meng, Zhang Wei, Shen Qun, Chen Yucheng, Zhang Hui, Ge Feifan, Hang Mengyue, Wu Jianhua Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (3): 291-297.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.03.013 Abstract （298）      PDF （1507KB）（204）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of a new fixed Twin-block on adolescent patients with skeletal ClassⅡ malocclusion. METHODS: Twenty-one patients aged 10-13 years with skeletal ClassⅡ malocclusion with mandibular retrusion were chosen for functional treatment using a new fixed Twin-block. Before and after treatment, panoramic and cephalometric films were taken, and the observation indexes were measured and recorded. RESULTS: There was no loosening or destruction of the appliance during treatment, the mean duration of treatment was (11.42±1.78) months. The position of the mandible(SNB), the length of the mandible (Co-Gn), nasolabial angle (Cm-Sn-UL), condylar sagittal position(Pcd-S), the lower labial protrusion distances (LL-SnPg') were significantly increased (P<0.05) after treatment, and the relative position of the maxilla and mandible (ANB), Y-axis angle(SGn/FH), the inclination of the maxillary incisors (U1/SN), and the depth of the mental-labial sulcus (Si-LLPg') reduced(P<0.05). Maxillary position(SNA), posterior mandibular position(S Vert-Co), mandibular length(Go'-Me), the mandibular incisor inclination (IMPA), and upper and lower mesial incisor angles(U1/L1), protrusion of the upper lip (UL-SnPg') were changed but without significant difference(P>0.05). The vertically orientated measurements of the vertical position of the lower dentition(Ll-MP), L6-MP, the vertical distance of the upper and posterior teeth (U6-PP), anterior height (N-Me), facial height index(S-Go'/N-Me), and mandibular plane angle (MP/SN) did not change significantly(P>0.05), while the posterior height(S-Go'), the vertical position of the upper dentition(U1-PP), occlusal plane angle (SN/OP), mandible height (Ar-Go'), the mandible ramus height(Co-Go) was increased significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: New fixed Twin-block significantly promotes mandibular growth and provides effective vertical control, improves the facial profile by retracting the maxillary incisors, and the clinical effect is reliable. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The study on the effects of different shapes of nasopalatine canals on tooth movement and implantation during orthodontic and implant treatment with CBCT Zhu Wanyu, Shi Xiaoyu, Yang Jie, Nie Jing Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 171-176.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.011 Abstract （294）      PDF （1076KB）（353）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the nasopalatine canal(NPC) shape and its morphometric characteristics on expected teeth movement by assessing the distance to maxillary central incisors (MCIs) according to NPC type. METHODS: A total of 200 patients with CBCT imaging data meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. The nasopharyngeal canal in the sagittal plane was classified. The following parameters were obtained: incisor foramen diameter, nasopalatine canal length, anterio-posterior diameter of incisor foramen (A-P IF), anterio-posterior diameter of Stenson foramen (A-P NF), nasopalatine tube 1/2 length diameter(M-L IF), and the distance between NPC and MCIs. The data were analyzed with SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: Diameter of incisor hole（P=0.045）, A-P IF（P=0.001）, M-L IF（P<0.001）, A-P NF（P<0.001） had significant difference. In cylindrical-shaped NPC, a significant correlation was observed for NPC length, while in funnel-shaped NPC, a significant correlation was observed for A-P IF and NPC length. In hourglass-shaped NPC, a significant correlation was observed for A-P IF, A-P NF, and NPC length. CONCLUSIONS: Each NPC shape showed specific impacts on the relationship between NPC diameters at different sections and distances to MCIs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three dimensional finite element analysis of different restoration types and materials for maxillary first premolar with large defect Li Xiaoman, Tian Benjian, Mirealimu·Miadili, Gao Yiming Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (3): 257-261.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.03.006 Abstract （291）      PDF （1012KB）（81）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To provide references for the selection of restoration types and materials for the first premolar with large defect in clinical practice. METHODS: A large area defect model of the maxillary first premolar was established and repaired with different types and materials, including group A (inlay group), group B (endocrown group), group C (fiber post core crown group), and group D (pure titanium post core crown group). And then, according to different repair materials, it was divided into 3 subgroups, namely group 1 (zirconia), group 2 (glass ceramic), and group 3 (resin based ceramic), totaling 12 groups. The stress distribution and magnitude were investigated using finite element analysis software. RESULTS: In the inlay group, the stress concentration area was large and tended to spread along the neck of tooth; in the post core crown group and endocrown group, the stress distribution was more uniform. In terms of restorative materials for endocrown, resin based ceramic materials had the lowest stress, followed by glass ceramic materials, and zirconia materials had the highest stress. CONCLUSIONS: Large defects of the first premolar can be repaired with endocrowns and post core crowns, and endocrowns have good applicability and advantages. Resin based ceramic materials are recommended for the selection of the endocrown materials for the least stress of the remaining tooth. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of biologically oriented preparation technique and conventional dental preparation in total crown restoration Guo Ling, Xu Longfen Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (4): 398-402.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.04.010 Abstract （291）      PDF （660KB）（379）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of biologically oriented preparation technique and conventional dental preparation in total crown restoration. METHODS: A total of 93 patients who underwent total crown restoration from January 2020 to November 2022 were selected, and were divided into experimental group and control group according to different dental preparation techniques. The control group was treated with conventional dental preparation (46 cases, 74 teeth), while the experimental group was treated with BOPT (47 cases, 75 teeth). Periodontal health indicators [plaque index (PI), gingival index (gingival index), probing depth (PD) and gingival thickness (GT)] were evaluated at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after treatment. The incidence of complications and patients' satisfaction were compared. RESULTS: In the control group, PI increased with time, reaching the highest value (2.20±0.57) at 1 year and decreasing to (1.70±0.66) at 2 years. PI of the experimental group reached the highest value (2.61±0.52) at the 3rd month, decreased at the 6th month, decreased to close to before treatment at the 1st year, and was significantly lower than before treatment at the 2nd year(P<0.001). The GI of the two groups decreased with the extension of time, and the GI of the experimental group at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.001). The PD of the two groups decreased with the extension of time, and the PD of the control group increased at 6 months after treatment, and the PD of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after treatment (P<0.001). Buccal GT of the two groups decreased with the extension of time, and the GT of the experimental group at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of biological complications in the experimental group (2.67%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (10.81%)(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of mechanical complications between the two groups (P>0.05). The total complication rate of the experimental group (4.00%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (14.86%)(P<0.05). The scores and total scores of satisfaction of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BOPT for total crown repair can reduce PI, GI and PD, increase GT, reduce complications and improve patients' satisfaction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the efficacy of modified Twin-block appliance combined with micro-implant anchorage in the treatment of Angle Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion Lu Chunyan, Cui Xuelei, Cao Peipei Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 152-156.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.007 Abstract （284）      PDF （513KB）（128）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the effectiveness of improved Twin block appliances combined with micro-implant anchorage in correction of Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of medical records of 96 patients with Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion treated at Rugao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to January 2022 was conducted. The patients were divided into experimental group (n=52) and control group (n=44) based on the treatment methods. The control group was treated with modified Twin-block appliance, while the experimental group was treated with modified Twin-block appliance combined with micro-implant anchorage. Comparison was made between the two groups regarding treatment duration, time to achieve bite opening, alignment time, ANB angle, SNB angle, SNA angle, U1-NA angle, U1-NB angle, U1-SN angle, L1-MP angle, upper lip protrusion(ULP), lower lip protrusion (LLP), Z angle, plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI). Complications and patient satisfaction were recorded. SPSS 24.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The treatment duration, time to achieve bite opening and alignment time in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, ANB, U1-NA and U1-SN of the two groups were lower than before treatment, and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). U1-NB and L1-MP were higher than those before treatment, and the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between SNB and SNA (P>0.05). After treatment, ULP and LLP of the two groups were lower than before treatment, and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). Z-angle of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). PLI in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between GI and SBI (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in satisfaction between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The modified Twin-block appliance combined with micro-implant anchorage can help to shorten the treatment time, improve the jaw and facial soft tissue contour, and promote the recovery of dental aesthetics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the effectiveness of different types of decalcifying solutions in the preparation of combined oral and maxillofacial tooth-mandibular-periodontal tissues Gu Ting, Wang Min, Wang Yu, Li Jiang, Zhang Chunye Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 113-118.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.001 Abstract （280）      PDF （1461KB）（138）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: Comparative analysis of MORSE, formic acid and Plank-Rychlo decalcification solution for the treatment of combined tooth-mandibular-periodontal tissues to explore their application value. METHODS: Specimens including normal teeth, jaws and periodontal tissues discarded from Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were collected and randomly divided into 3 groups to analyse the differences in decalcification time, staining effect and nucleic acid integrity of 3 different decalcification solutions. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean decalcification time was 4.5, 3.5 and 3.6 days in the MORSE, formic acid and Plank-Rychlo group, respectively. H-E staining scores were in descending order in the MORSE, formic acid and Plank-Rychlo group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that AE1/AE3, p63 and Ki67 scores in MORSE group were better than those in the formic acid group and the Plank-Rychlo group, and Vimentin staining indices showed no significant difference between the 3 groups. In the fluorescence in situ hybridisation results, normal fluorescence signals were detected in 15 cases in MORSE group, 1 case in formic acid group and 4 cases in Plank-Rychlo group. The mean DNA concentration was 1.987, 1.963 and 1.115 ng/μL in MORSE, formic acid and Plank-Rychlo group, respectively; and the mean RNA concentration was 13.03, 11.08 and 1.66 ng/μL, respectively. There was no significant difference in DNA concentration and RNA concentration between MORSE and formic acid group(P>0.05), and both DNA and RNA concentrations were higher in the 2 groups than those in Plank-Rychlo group(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MORSE decalcification solution has comprehensive advantages in the treatment of combined tooth-mandibular-periodontal tissues and is of value in the clinical, teaching and research aspects of pathology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the correlation between the expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis, tumor-associated macrophages and the clinical prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma Li Muqiu, Li Chenxi, Wei Wei, Chen Cheng, Wang Bing, Gong Zhongcheng, Guo Wei, Ren Guoxin Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 132-138.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.004 Abstract （279）      PDF （2689KB）（508）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the immunoexpression and clinical significance regarding Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) in the tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: A total of 200 OSCC patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between June 2008 and June 2020 were divided into P.gingivalis-strong-expression group(n=139) and P. gingivalis-weak-expression group (n=61), based on the immunohistochemical(IHC) staining. The detection of DOK3 and TAM was performed to quantify their expression level in two groups, respectively. The associations between the three mentioned biomarkers and clinicopathologic indicators were compared between the two groups, and the impact on patients' prognosis was also analyzed. R 4.2.2 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Death, late-stage cancer, T3-T4 and N(+) stage, large size (≥3 cm), moderate and poor differentiation, and recurrence exhibited significant associations with strong immunoexpression of P. gingivalis(P<0.05). Several variables of OSCC patients with strong immunoexpression of P. gingivalis including age, survival status, T and N stage, recurrence exhibited significant associations with strong immunoexpression of DOK3 (P<0.05); whereas T stage, clinical stage and tumor differentiation exhibited significant associations with strong immunoexpression of TAM (P<0.05). Additionally, the immunoexpression of P. gingivalis was positively associated with the immunoexpression of DOK3 and TAM(P<0.01). The prognosis of OSCC patients with strong positive expression of P. gingivalis, DOK3 and TAM was worse than that of patients with weak immunoexpression, respectively(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: P. gingivalis is positively correlated with DOK3 and TAM. In addition, the strong immunoexpression levels of P. gingivalis, DOK3 and tumor-associated macrophage are associated with poor prognosis in patients with OSCC. Collectively, the mentioned three biomarkers can be considered as important indicators for evaluating clinical prognosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Maxillary sinus floor wall typing and three-dimensional finite element modelling of maxillary sinus internal elevation Zhu Kai, Cheng Lidi, Zheng Yuqing, Sun Qijun Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (3): 251-256.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.03.005 Abstract （274）      PDF （1080KB）（94）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the equivalent stress and displacement of maxillary sinus floor mucosa by three-dimensional finite element analysis under different types of maxillary sinus floor. METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element models of three different maxillary sinus floor shapes (shallow concave, deep concave and convex) were established by three-dimensional reconstruction of maxillary sinus bones and mucosa. The process of applying dynamic impact load to the maxillary sinus floor was simulated by using the ejector during maxillary sinus lifting operation, and the biomechanical characteristics of different maxillary sinus floor mucosa during ejection was analyzed. RESULTS: The equivalent stress and displacement of maxillary sinus floor mucosa were deep concave (0.518 90 MPa/0.002 955 mm), shallow concave (0.590 25 MPa/0.003 515 mm) and convex (0.623 56 MPa/0.003 660 mm). In the process of axial displacement of the ejector from 1-10 mm, the stress of the mucosa at the bottom of maxillary sinus increased uniformly. CONCLUSIONS: The equivalent stress level of mucosa is related to the morphology of sinus floor. Under the same load condition, the tension on mucosa increases obviously during internal lifting of convex maxillary sinus floor, which has an adverse effect during internal lifting operation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A clinical control study of bleeding tendency and risk factors in patients with oral antithrombotic drugs after dental extractions Luo Qi, Zhu Zhu, Shi Huan, Zhou Qin, Yu Chuangqi Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 146-151.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.006 Abstract （272）      PDF （766KB）（207）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the bleeding tendency and related risk factors of patients with or without oral antithrombotic drugs after tooth extraction, in order to provide theoretical reference for perioperative management of tooth extraction. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted among patients who attended the Cardiovascular Tooth Extraction Specialist Clinic of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from March 2023 to June 2023. The patients were divided into experimental group (medication group) and control group (no medication group) according to whether they took antithrombotic drugs for a long time. Teeth extraction was performed under ECG monitoring and postoperative bleeding was followed up to analyze the incidence of bleeding and related risk factors. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 645 patients were included, including 305 patients in the medication group and 340 patients in the non-medication group. Bleeding events occurred in 17 cases (5.6%, 17/305) in the medication group and 1 (0.3%, 1/340) in the non-medication group, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that old age (OR: 4.089, 95%CI: 1.351-12.374, P=0.013) had a significant positive effect on postoperative bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Oral antithrombotic drugs and advanced age are the risk factors for postoperative bleeding in patients with cardiovascular diseases undergoing tooth extractions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective analysis of 956 cases with dental trauma Li Jinheng, Zhao Junjun, Wu Tiantian, Tai Zhaowei, Dong Yiyun Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 191-195.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.014 Abstract （264）      PDF （1034KB）（130）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To find the clinical characteristics of permanent teeth trauma among young and adult people in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, and provide reference for the treatment and prevention of dental trauma among them. METHODS: The data of 956 patients who visited the Dental Trauma Clinic of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2021 to March 2023 were collected and analyzed according to age, gender, occupation, causes of trauma, types of tooth injuries, number and position of affected teeth, time to seek treatment after injury, and whether the patients had been exposed to popular science knowledge related to tooth trauma. RESULTS: The male to female ratio of dental trauma patients was 0.93∶1. The tooth position with the highest incidence of dental trauma was the maxillary central incisor, followed by the maxillary lateral incisor. Subluxation and uncomplicated crown fractures were the subcategories with the highest incidence of dental trauma. For the post-traumatic treatment time, 55.54% of patients sought medical consultation within 1-4 hours. Survey of the occupation of patients with dental trauma found that high-risk exposure accounted for only 7%. Among them, the highest risk occupation were builders and men for takeaway. Falls and traffic accidents were the main causes of dental trauma. Only 8% of the patients received scientific knowledge related to dental trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Tooth injuries are more common in the upper incisors, and the types of injuries are more common in crown fractures and subluxations. The main causes are falls and traffic accidents. Dentists should strengthen the popularization of knowledge about dental trauma, and the public should pay attention to strengthening the rational use of mobile phones, raising road safety awareness, and learning emergency treatment methods for dental trauma. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of cruciform tooth division and T-type crown amputation in extraction of mandibular middle and low impacted teeth Liu Jie, Wang Ying, Liu Zhenfei Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (3): 271-275.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.03.009 Abstract （254）      PDF （592KB）（634）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluation the effect of cruciform tooth division and T-type crown amputation in extraction of mandibular middle and low impacted teeth. METHODS: A total of 81 patients with mandibular middle and low impacted teeth treated in Bozhou People's Hospital from September to November 2024 were selected. According to the different extraction methods,they were divided into the control group(n=40, T-type crown amputation) and experimental group(n=41, cross tooth extraction). The operative time, intraoperative complications(anxiety, broken root), postoperative complications (pain, swelling and restricted mouth opening), healing of tooth extraction socket 1 week after surgery, and quality of life before and 1 week after surgery[oral health impact scale 14(OHIP-14)] were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The operative time of the experimental group was significantly shorter than that of the control group, the total incidence of intraoperative complications(4.88%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (20.00%), the score of postoperative pain and mouth opening restriction was significantly lower than that of the control group, the degree of postoperative swelling was significantly less than that of the control group, and the total incidence of postoperative complications(4.88%) was significantly lower than that of the control group(32.43%). The healing score of tooth socket 1 week after operation was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). One week after surgery,the OHIP-14 score of both groups was decreased,and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with T-type crown amputation, cruciform tooth division can shorten the operation time of mandibular middle and low impacted tooth extraction, reduce the occurrence of intraoperative anxiety, broken root, postoperative pain, swelling and restricted mouth opening, and is conducive to the healing of tooth extraction wound. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of oral occlusal exercises on occlusal performance of oral cancer patients following segmental mandibulectomy without simultaneous reconstruction Yang Ling, Zhou Tian, Zhao Ning, Qu Xingzhou, Chen Weihong, Zhao Yan, Hou Lili Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 184-190.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.013 Abstract （249）      PDF （1111KB）（708）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of oral occlusion exercises on occlusal performance of oral cancer patients who underwent segmental mandibular resection without simultaneous reconstruction. METHODS: From October 2022 to May 2023, a total of 63 oral cancer patients who underwent segmental mandibular resection without reconstruction at the Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected. They were randomly divided into control group (30 patients) and experimental group (33 patients). The control group received conventional care, while the experimental group underwent oral occlusion exercises except conventional care. After three months, the maximum total occlusal force(TOF), asymmetry index of occlusal force(AOF), center of occlusal force(COF), and mastication efficiency of both groups were compared. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, TOF in the experimental group was increased, AOF and COF were decreased, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). The masticatory efficiency of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Oral occlusal exercises can improve occlusal performance in patients with mandibular resection without reconstruction, but larger sample size and rigorous design are needed to further verify its clinical effect and mechanism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of biomechanical effects and tissue reparability of photodynamic and laser in the adjuvant treatment of peri-implantitis Zhang Xiao, Yang Hui Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (2): 213-217.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2025.02.018 Abstract （246）      PDF （567KB）（115）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To compare the biomechanical effects and tissue reparability of photodynamic and laser in the adjuvant treatment of peri-implantitis. METHODS: A total of 112 patients with peri-implantitis who were diagnosed and treated from March 2023 to April 2024 were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 56 cases in each group. On the basis of conventional symptomatic treatment, the control group received photodynamic therapy and the experimental group received laser therapy. The biomechanical effects [implant mobility(IM), peri-implant bone density(PBD), mesial and distal marginal bone resorption of the implant], tissue reparability[sulcus bleeding index (SBI), plaque index (PLI) and probing depth (PD)], inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinases-8(MMP-8)] and the proportion of Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.g) in the total bacterial count were compared before and 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: After 1-3 months of treatment, both groups showed significant decrease in IM, mesial and distal marginal bone resorption of the implant, SBI, PLI, PD, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP8, and the proportion of P.g to total bacteria (P<0.05), and significant increase in PBD (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant improvements in IM, PBD, mesial and distal marginal bone resorption of the implant, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP8 (P<0.05). Compared with the experimental group, the control group showed significant improvements in SBI, PLI, PD and the proportion of P.g to total bacteria (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both photodynamic and laser therapy can be used in the adjuvant treatment of peri-implantitis. Photodynamic therapy has advantages in tissue repair and reducing the proportion of P.g to total bacteria, while laser therapy has advantages in biomechanical effects and reducing inflammatory factors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics