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Applied anatomy of the stylomastoid foramina and its relation to the surrounding bone structures QIN Si-jia, LIU Huan-qi, ZHANG Yu-qing, WANG Dan-yang, HUANG Shuo, WANG Feng, LIU Chang-kui Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (6): 568-571.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.06.002 Abstract （887）      PDF （607KB）（220）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To study the relationship between the stylomastoid foramen and surrounding bony structures, enrich anatomical data and provide reference for clinical surgery. METHODS: A total of 62 intact and dry adult skulls were selected. The shape of the stylomastoid foramen was observed, the diameter of the stylomastoid foramen, the distances from the posterolateral point and the anterior medial point to the surrounding bony structures were measured with a vernier caliper. SPSS 25.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were four shapes of stylomastoid foramen, i.e., circular (61.29%), oval (29.84%), irregular (8.06%) and triangular (0.81%). The circular diameter was (2.80±0.61) mm, the oval long and short diameters were (4.43±0.96) and (2.79±0.60) mm. Distances from the posterolateral and anterior medial points of the stylomastoid foramen to the posterolateral point of the external opening of the carotid canal, the anterior medial point of the jugular foramen, the midline, the most anterior point of the foramen magnum, the posterior point of the great palatine foramen, the posterolateral point of the foramen lacerated, the foramen ovale, the posterolateral point of the foramen spinosum, the anterior point of the styloid process root, the outermost point of the tympanomastoid fissure and the tip of the mastoid process were (16.10±2.81), (24.01±2.65), (44.95±3.24), (45.10±2.71), (61.66±4.14), (35.56±4.35), (32.26±2.85), (29.12±3.40), (10.39±3.25), (9.49±2.24) and (12.01±2.79) mm; (12.80±2.41), (21.56±2.51), (42.96±3.97), (42.91±2.76), (58.97±3.97), (32.98±4.14), (29.20±2.77), (25.80±2.87), (7.37±2.33), (11.42±2.00) and (15.41±2.57) mm, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the apertures and distances between the left and right side(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most of the stylomastoid foramen are round and oval, understanding the distance between the foramen and surrounding bony structures is helpful for guiding clinical operations and enriching anatomical knowledge. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of three mixing methods on air bubbles and solidification state of alginate impression materials ZHOU Yi-an, XIAO Song, XIE Xue-mei, WANG Yu-hua Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (1): 12-16.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.01.003 Abstract （770）      PDF （658KB）（259）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of full-automatic mixing machine method, clockwise manual mixing and combined eight-shaped manual mixing on air bubble content, flowability, temperature, working time and setting time of alginate impression materials. METHODS: With the same condition, alginate impression materials were mixed by three different methods. The number of bubbles, area, flowability, temperature, working time and setting time were evaluated with SPSS 24.0 software package. RESULTS: The number of bubbles in the automatic mixing group was (2.30±2.50), and the area was (0.17±0.18) mm2, which was less than the number of clockwise manual mixing group (59.60±14.19), and the total area (7.41±2.24) mm2 (P<0.01). The flowability of the clockwise manual mixing group [(39.52±0.85) mm] was less than that of the full-automatic mixing group [(50.78±0.90) mm] and the combined eight-character manual mixing group [(50.36±1.75) mm](P<0.01).The setting time of the material mixed by three methods was eligible for clinical use. CONCLUSIONS: The mixing method of alginate impression material has an effect on material's bubble content, flowability and temperature changes. The impression materials mixed by full-automatic mixing method are better in terms of bubble content, flowability and other properties. If manual mixing is used, combined eight-shaped manual mixing method can help reduce impression bubbles and deformation, and improve flowability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accuracy of tooth segmentation algorithm based on deep learning ZHANG Bo-jun, CUI Zhi-ming, LIU Zhi-xu, CHEN Si-yue, GU Kai-jun, LI Si-tong, WU Yan-qi, SHEN Ding-gang, ZHU Min Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (4): 339-344.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.04.002 Abstract （753）      PDF （933KB）（348）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: The established automatic AI tooth segmentation algorithm was used to achieve rapid and automatic tooth segmentation from CBCT images. The three-dimensional data obtained by oral scanning of real isolated teeth were used as the gold standard to verify the accuracy of the algorithm. METHODS: Thirty sets of CBCT data and corresponding 59 isolated teeth were collected from Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The three-dimensional tooth data in CBCT images were segmented by the algorithm. The digital information obtained by scanning the extracted teeth after processing was used as the gold standard. In order to compare the difference between the segmentation results and the scanning results of the algorithm. The Dice coefficient(Dice), sensitivity (Sen) and average symmetric surface distance (ASSD) were selected to evaluate the segmentation accuracy of the algorithm. The intra-class correlation coefficient(ICC) was used to evaluate the differences in length, area, and volume between the single tooth obtained by the AI system and the digital isolated tooth. Due to the existence of CBCT with different resolution, ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between groups with different resolution, and SNK method was used to compare them between two groups. SPSS 25.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: After comparing the segmentation results with the in vitro dental scanning results, the average Dice value was (94.7±1.88)%, the average Sen was (95.8±2.02)%, and the average ASSD was (0.49±0.12) mm. By comparing the length, area and volume of a single tooth obtained by the digital isolated tooth and the AI system, the ICC values of the intra-group correlation coefficients were 0.734, 0.719 and 0.885, respectively. The single tooth divided by the AI system has a good consistency with the digital model in evaluating the length, area and volume, but the segmentation results were still different from the real situation in terms of specific values. The smaller the voxel of CBCT, the higher the resolution, the better the segmentation results. CONCLUSIONS: The CBCT tooth segmentation algorithm established in this study can accurately achieve the tooth segmentation of the whole dentition in CBCT at all resolutions. The improvement of CBCT resolution ratio can make the algorithm more accurate. Compared with the current segmentation algorithms, our algorithm has better performance. Compared with the real situation, there are still some differences, and the algorithm needs to be further improved and verified. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A reflectional insight into orthodontic theoretical renovation and technological innovation SHEN Gang Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (2): 113-119.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.02.001 Abstract （683）      PDF （867KB）（583）       Knowledge map    Orthodontics, among other specialties in dentistry, remains most dynamic and vigorous in upgrading and reforming its fundamental doctrines and clinical technologies. Orthodontic specialty in China has played a leading role in recent years in reshaping fundamental theories and in creating cutting-edge therapeutic modalities. The newly developed diagnostic classification system, a complementary addition to that of Angle's, not only defines the natures, but also identifies the developmental mechanisms of malocclusions. Orthopedic therapy aiming to relocate the mandible before correcting the dentition is emerging as an indispensable treatment mode to malocclusions concurring with mandibular deviation. Whilst correlations exist between malocclusion and TMD susceptibility and incidence, the specifically designed orthopedic and orthodontic approaches have proven effective in managing cases inflicted by TMD conditions. Innovative efforts that create the GS products, have redefined the clear appliances much more beyond merely clear aligners, thus further pushing the boundaries of both the indications and clinical use for clear appliances. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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TNF-α regulated SHED osteogenic differentiation through ERK1/2-Runx2 signaling pathway WANG Jing, XU Na, REN Hui-di Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (2): 135-140.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.005 Abstract （671）      PDF （1435KB）（168）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of TNF-α on osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), and to analyze the changes of ERK1/2-Runx2 signaling pathway in the regulation process. METHODS: SHED cells were isolated and cultured from normal deciduous permanent teeth of healthy children aged 6-8 years old, and the third passage of SHED cells were taken and divided into control group (osteogenic inducer culture), observation group (osteogenic inducer and TNF-α co-culture) and agonist group (osteogenic inducer, TNF-α and ERK pathway agonist co-culture). The osteogenic differentiation was determined by alizarin red staining. The protein expression levels of Osterix, OPN, ERK1/2, pERK1/2 and Runx2 in SHED cells were determined by Western blot. The expressions of Osterix, OPN, ERK1/2, pERK1/2 and Runx2 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: Comparison of osteogenic differentiation ability of the three groups of cells showed that red-brown mineralized nodules were observed in the three groups of cells. Compared among the three groups, the control group had the most mineralized nodules, followed by the activation group, and the observation group had the least mineralized nodules. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Osterix and OPN protein and mRNA in the observation group and the agonist group were significantly decreased, while the expression levels of Osterix and OPN protein and mRNA in the agonist group were significantly higher than those in the observation group. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of ERK1/2 protein and mRNA among the three groups, while the expression levels of pERK1/2 and Runx2 protein and mRNA in the observation group and the agonist group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the expression levels of pERK1/2 and Runx2 protein and mRNA in the agonist group were significantly higher than those in the observation group. CONCLUSIONS: TNF-α can inhibit osteogenic differentiation of SHED cells, which may be related to the inhibition of ERK1/2-Runx2 signaling pathway. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential miRNA profiling and target gene analysis of marrow mesenchymal stem cells in postmenopausal osteoporotic mouse mandibles YANG Shan-shan, ZHANG Wei, HU Xiao-hua, YANG Xiao-hong Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (6): 561-571.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.001 Abstract （668）      PDF （2245KB）（385）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the differential miRNA expression profiles and predicted target genes of mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MBMSCs) in a postmenopausal osteoporosis (POP) mouse model using bioinformatics methods, providing new targets for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of POP. METHODS: POP mouse model was established by performing ovariectomy surgery, and MBMSCs were obtained using whole bone marrow adherent culture method. Microarray sequencing was performed to detect the miRNA expression profile of MBMSCs. Subsequently, miRNA identification and prediction analysis were conducted, along with the prediction of target genes. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed on the predicted target genes. Key hub genes were identified using algorithms such as Degree, Betweenness, and Closeness. The data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 8.0 and R language. RESULTS: A total of 84 differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained using a threshold of P<0.05, with 33 upregulated and 51 downregulated miRNAs. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the 84 differentially expressed miRNAs revealed their involvement in various biological processes and pathways. Among them, 130 target gene mRNAs were enriched in the "regulation of stem cell pluripotency" signaling pathway. PPI network analysis and hub gene selection were performed for the 130 predicted target gene mRNAs, resulting in the identification of 7 reliable hub genes: Ctnnβ1, Hras, Kras, Akt1, Mapk3, Smad3, and Smad2. Among these hub genes, Ctnnβ1, Akt1, Mapk3, Smad3, and Smad2 were found to be significantly associated with POP. CONCLUSIONS: The differentially expressed miRNAs identified in MBMSCs of POP mice may serve as potential biomarkers and play important roles in the pathogenesis of POP. This study provides new research direction and theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of POP. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A novel periodontal endoscopy-aided non-incisional periodontal regeneration technique：a case series study SHI Jia-hong, LI Jing-wen, JIANG Li-shan, LEI Lang, LI Hou-xuan Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (1): 80-84.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.01.014 Abstract （656）      PDF （888KB）（306）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of endoscopy-aided non-incisional periodontal regeneration technique (NIT) in the treatment of alveolar bone angular resorption. METHODS: Thirteen patients with severe periodontitis(13 diseased teeth) were selected. All patients had alveolar bone angular resorption on adjacent surface. The patients received NIT treatment 6 weeks after periodontal primary therapy. The visualization of subgingival environment was acquired by the periodontal endoscopy. Following the removal of the subgingival plaque, calculus and intra-bony granulation tissue, bone grafting materials were placed into the intra-bony defects with the assistance of a delicate gingival protector. No flap was elevated and no sutures were applied. Probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment level (CAL), as well as radiographic parameters were evaluated at baseline and 2 years after treatment. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: At 2-years follow-up, an average CAL gain of (3.65±2.10) mm (P<0.001), PD reduction of (4.42±1.66) mm (P<0.001), and minimal increase in GR of (0.38±0.87) mm (P=0.25) were observed. Alveolar bone was significantly improved at 2-years follow-up on radiographs (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For angular resorption site of alveolar bone, NIT treatment can obtain good periodontal regeneration results without flap inversion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the 5-year clinical restoration effect of implants retained complete overdentures with Locator attachments in 48 patients ZHOU Tuan-feng, YANG Xue, ZHANG Hua, ZHANG Zhi-yong, CHEN Quan Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (1): 90-96.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.01.016 Abstract （641）      PDF （998KB）（220）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To observe the long-term clinical effect of implants retained complete overdentures with Locator attachments. METHODS: A total of 48 patients with edentulous jaws treated with implants retained complete overdentures with Locator attachments were selected from the Outpatient Department of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from 2016 to 2017. Among them, 21 patients underwent double-maxillary complete overdentures restoration and 27 patients underwent single-maxillary restoration. A total of 230 implants were implanted. The clinical observation indicators included the implant survival rate, peri-implant mucosal bleeding on probing(BOP), the change in the vertical height of alveolar bone absorption around the implants, overdenture base fracture rate, artificial tooth fall off and fracture rate and other complications. The change of the locator attachment retention force of the implant-supported overdentures was evaluated. SPSS 13.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: During the five-years clinical observation period, 5 implants fell off, 1 narrow dimeter implant in the anterior zone was broken, and 12 implants were lost to follow-up. The implant survival rate was 97.25%. One year after the restoration therapy finished, peri-implant mucosal bleeding on probing (BOP+) was detected in 48 (21.4%) implants. The average BI was 0.21±0.42, which was higher in the anterior zone than that in the posterior zone. The vertical alveolar bone absorption height around the implants was (0.21±0.35) mm, 2 implants-supported complete overdenture bases were broken. After 5 years of restoration, 163(76.89%) implants had peri-implant mucosal bleeding on probing(BOP+). The average BI was 1.00±0.70, and the vertical alveolar bone absorption height around the implants was (0.58±0.85) mm. There was no significant difference between males and females. There was no significant difference in the peri-implant mucosal bleeding index and the alveolar bone vertical absorption height between the anterior zone and the posterior zone(P>0.05). The mean BI of peri-implant mucosa and the vertical absorption height of peri-implant alveolar bone were significantly different between the 1-year observation period and the 5-year observation period respectively(P<0.01). There were 17(26.15%) cases with overdenture bases fracture, and the fracture rate of artificial teeth was 16.92%. Most of them occurred in the midline area of the anterior zone and the location of the overdenture base on the locator attachments. The average first replacement time of the locator attachment nylon retainer washer was 34.2±10.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Implants retained complete overdentures with Locator attachments are effective in long term clinical observation. Complications are mainly found in peri-implant mucosal bleeding on probing and vertical alveolar bone absorption, and tended to increase gradually over time. The fracture of the implant retains complete overdenture bases and the fall off or fracture of the artificial teeth are the second serious complications. Overdenture base with metal frame at the location of the Locator abutment and the midline of the anterior area should be strengthened, and narrow diameter implants should be avoided as far as possible in the anterior zone. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of collagen sponge on the healing process of alveolar fossa after tooth extraction in rats LI Jun-fu, ZHU Jia, JIANG Juan, WANG Xu-xia, CHEN Dai-yun, ZHAO Zuo-qin Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (3): 241-245.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.03.004 Abstract （622）      PDF （759KB）（337）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of collagen sponge on early bone healing process of alveolar fossa after tooth extraction in rats. METHODS: A total of 16 healthy female SD rats were selected. Animal models with tooth extraction were established. The right alveolar fossa inserted with collagen sponge was as the experimental group, and the left alveolar fossa was as the control group with treatment. The rats were sacrificed 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after tooth extraction, and the osteogenesis of alveolar fossa was observed. Real-time quantitative PCR (qt-PCR) was used to detect the changes of osteogenesis related gene expression. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: After surgery, alveolar cavity healing was significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group. Osterix, Runx2 and Vegf genes were expressed in the experimental group and the control group, and the expression levels of related genes in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Collagen sponge could promote early alveolar bone healing, possibly related to the expression level of osteogenic genes regulated by collagen sponge. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of clinical effects of disk-up sinus reamer(DSR)-based internal sinus floor elevation with implantation in 10 years ZHANG Kai-yue, HAN Ze-yu, JIANG Shuai, XU Hao, LI Fan, ZHAO Bao-dong Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (1): 64-70.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.01.011 Abstract （578）      PDF （1101KB）（290）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To analyze the bone remodeling around the implant 10 years after disk-up sinus reamer(DSR)-based internal sinus floor elevation with implantation and to investigate the influence of different factors on implant retention. METHODS: The clinical and imaging data of patients undergoing DSR-based sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implantation were collected from the Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2008 to December 2011. Panoramic film and CBCT were used to measure the changes of bone mass around implant in different periods. Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests were used to analyze the effects of different factors on implant retention with SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: The study included 98 patients with a total of 128 implants. During the follow-up of 0-168 months, 7 implants failed, and the remaining formed good osseointegration and functioned, with a 10-year cumulative retention rate of 94.53%. The height of bone formation was (0.29±0.15) mm at the top and (2.74±0.66) mm in the sinus of 75 implant sites with complete imaging data obtained ten years after surgery. Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests showed that 8 factors including initial bone height, elevated bone height, mucosal perforation, implant length, implant torsion, diabetes, smoking and periodontitis had significant effects on implant retention. CONCLUSIONS: The DSR-based internal sinus floor elevation with implantation is a reliable and stable bone augmentation operation for vertical bone defect in maxillary posterior region, with a 10-year cumulative retention rate of no less than 94%. Initial bone height, elevated bone height, mucosal perforation, implant length, implant torsion, diabetes, smoking and periodontitis are the important factors affecting the long-term retention rate of implants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of Frankel Ⅲ orthodontic appliance combined with lip muscle training in the treatment of malocclusion during mixed dentition DING Min-lin, ZHANG Hai-liang, ZHANG Ji-min Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (4): 432-437.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.04.018 Abstract （560）      PDF （648KB）（338）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To exploring the clinical effect of lip muscle training combined with Frankel Ⅲ orthodontic appliances in correcting Class Ⅲ malocclusion during the mixed dentition period. METHODS: One hundred children with Class Ⅲ malocclusion during the mixed dentition period admitted to Hangzhou Greentown Stomatological Hospital from June 2018 to December 2022 were selected. The children were randomly divided into a combination group (treated with lip muscle training and Frankel Ⅲ orthodontic appliance) and a control group (treated with Frankel Ⅲ orthodontic appliance), with 50 cases in each group. X-ray cephalometric indicators, temporomandibular joint parameters, upper airway measurement parameters and 12 month follow-up of the two groups of children were compared before and after treatment. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Before treatment, there was no significant difference of SNA, SNB, ANB, U1-NA, L1-NB, ANS-Ptm, S-Ptm, Co Po, Co-S, MP-SN, MP-FH and NP-FH between the combination group and the control group (P>0.05). After treatment, ANB, U1-NA, L1-NB and MP-SN in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while NP-FH were significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference of the joint space, anterior joint space and posterior joint space between the combination group and the control group patients(P>0.05); after treatment, the joint space and the joint space in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference of Ba PNS, Ad1 PNS, Ad2 PNS, Mc1 Mc2, SPP-SPPW, U-MPW, PAS and V-LPW between the combination group and the control group(P>0.05); after treatment, Ad2-PNS in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). After 12 months of follow-up, the recurrence rate of the combination group was 2.00%, which was significantly lower than that (16.00%) of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of lip muscle training and Frankel III orthodontic appliances is more conducive to correcting Class III malocclusion during the replacement period, improving upper airway morphology, and reducing the recurrence rate after treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 3D printing modified tooth-supported cyst plug in decompression of mandibular cystic lesions KOU Peng, LI Ying-mei, LI Zhi-ping, MENG Jian Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (2): 203-208.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.02.017 Abstract （558）      PDF （1849KB）（566）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the application value of 3D printing modified dental support cyst plug in fenestration of large jaw cystic lesions. METHODS: Forty patients with mandibular cystic disease in Xuzhou Central Hospital from October 2019 to April 2021 were selected. They were randomly divided into experimental group(3D printing group) and control group (traditional plug group), with 20 cases in each group. All enrolled patients underwent preoperative digital modeling of cystic lesions of the jaw, obtained the cystic cavity volume data of preoperative lesions, designed the windowing site according to the plan and performed decompression for jaw cysts. Three days after surgery, the patient's postoperative CBCT and Oral-scan data in the experimental group was obtained, and a digitally modified tooth-supported cyst plug with porous column channel was designed, and titanium alloy material for 3D printing was selected. In the control group, the plug was manually molded by experienced physicians. The visual analogue scale(VAS) score of pain, retention, mechanical properties of the plug and its effect on the adjacent teeth were compared between the two groups during the process of model preparation, and the changes of the cyst volume 1, 3 and 6 months after operation were compared between the two groups. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the patients in the experimental group who made titanium alloy as printing material by digital impression complained more comfortable, and the mechanical strength and stability of the cyst plug were better than those in the control group(P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in retention between the two groups(P>0.05). The reduction rate of cyst volume in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the traditional plug group 3 and 6 months after operation(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The modified tooth-supported titanium alloy cyst plug with digital 3D printing has good mechanical properties and stability. It has little damage to the abutment and no lateral force, and has the advantages of precision, individualization and comfort. The improved irrigation and injection channel can fully flush the cavity and speed up the narrowing of the cyst and reduce the waiting time before the second operation, which is worth promoting in clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 4R crisis management theory in the protection of oral mucositis in patients with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ZOU Qian, CHEN Mei-hua Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (6): 676-680.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.06.019 Abstract （553）      PDF （688KB）（231）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical value of nursing care plans employing 4R crisis management model for prevention of oral mucositis in patients with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: According to different intervention time points, totally 40 transplantation patients from May 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the control group, while 68 transplantation patients from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the experimental group. Compared to the control group, patients in the experimental group adopted more comprehensive risk management measures and applied 4R crisis theory. The preventive and therapeutic outcomes were compared in the aspects of oral mucosal inflammation incidence, grade, time to resume orally fed diet and inpatient stay of two groups of patient. SPSS 27.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Oral mucositis occurred in 76.5% of patients in the experimental group, which was significantly lower than the control group (100%) (P<0.05). Severe oral mucositis (grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ) were 11.8% in the experimental group, which was significantly lower than the control group(65.0%). The clinical nursing satisfaction of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.001). There was no significant difference in hospital duration or oral refeeding time between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of 4R crisis management strategy can substantially decrease oral mucositis occurrences and severity, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of oral care management for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients, reducing patient discomfort, accelerating recovery time and improving quality of life . The strategy has promising clinical potential of application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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An in vitro experiment on the stability and irritant of hypochlorous acid in oral cavity LIU Zhao-chen, SUN Pei, PAN Ke-qing, WANG Pei-yan, ZHANG Hui, YUAN Chang-qing, DENG Jing Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (2): 141-147.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.006 Abstract （545）      PDF （2020KB）（342）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To study the stability of physicochemical properties and sterilizing effect about two commercially available hypochlorous acid (HClO) products under simulated clinical conditions, and to evaluate the compatibility of HClO on soft and hard tissues and cells in oral cavity. METHODS: Samples of HClO solution with different production processes were prepared, to detect the changes of physicochemical indexes of each sample over time under simulated clinical conditions (shielded from light at 20-25 ℃, open the cover for 5 minutes every day), including free available chlorine, oxidation-reduction potential and pH. Through suspension quantitative germicidal test, the antibiosis-concentration curve of HClO solution was made, so as to calibrate the change of antibacterial ability of disinfectant with the decrease of available chlorine content during storage. Pulp, tongue and dentine were immersed in PBS, 100 ppm HClO, 200 ppm HClO and 3% NaClO. The influence on soft and hard tissues was evaluated by weighing method and microhardness test. The toxic effects of HClO, NaClO and their 10-fold diluent on human gingival fibroblasts were determined by CCK-8 cytotoxicity assay. GraphPad PRIS 8.0 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Under simulated conditions, the free available chlorine (FAC) of HClO solution decayed with time, and the attenuation degree was less than 20 ppm within 1 month. The bactericidal effect of each HClO sample was still higher than 5log after concentration decay. There was no obvious dissolution and destruction to soft and hard tissues for HClO(P>0.05). The cell viability of HClO to human gingival fibroblast cells (HGFC) was greater than 80%, which was much higher than 3% NaClO (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The bactericidal effect and stability of HClO solution can meet clinical needs, which has low cytotoxicity and good histocompatibility. It is expected to become a safe and efficient disinfection product in the field of living pulp preservation and dental pulp regeneration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2025, 34 (4): 0-0.   Abstract （538）      PDF （722KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the effects of using iRoot BP plus and MTA apical barrier surgery in young permanent teeth with chronic apical periodontitis SUN Yan-ni, ZHAO Lei, LIU Wei, YIN Xiao-ping Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (3): 260-264.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.03.008 Abstract （513）      PDF （598KB）（260）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the effect of using iRoot BP plus and MTA apical barrier surgery in young permanent teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. METHODS: A total of 122 patients with chronic periapical periodontitis with open root tips of permanent teeth were randomly divided into experimental group (n=61, 61 teeth) and a control group (n=61, 61 teeth). Patients in the experimental group received iRoot BP plus plus apical barrier surgery, while those in the control group received MTA apical barrier surgery. The old periapical index (O-PAI), apical transmission area, efficacy, treatment times, and inflammatory factor levels of the two groups of patients were compared at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgery. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: At 12 months after surgery, the O-PAI ratings of the experimental group and the control group were (1.48±0.36) and (1.71±0.42), respectively, and the apical transmission area was (0.51± 0.14) and (1.09±0.31). There was a significant difference in the O-PAI ratings and apical transmission area between the two groups(P<0.05). At 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery, the O-PAI scores of patients in both groups gradually decreased (P<0.05). After 12 months of treatment, the success rates of the experimental group and the control group were 98.36% and 88.52%, respectively, with significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The treatment frequency of patients in the experimental group and the control group was (3.64±0.58) times and (4.72±0.61) times, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the serum hs-CRP levels in the experimental group and the control group were (6.89±1.13) mg/L and (7.25±1.40) mg/L, respectively, with a significant difference compared to pre-treatment(P<0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the serum IL-6 levels in the experimental group and the control group were (82.04±19.62) mg/L and (87.52±20.85) mg/L, respectively, with significant differences compared to pre-treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum IL-6 and hs-CRP levels between the two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: iRoot BP plus apical barrier surgery for the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis with open permanent teeth can reduce the O-PAI index, decrease the number of postoperative visits, and have a higher postoperative success rate. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on the optical properties of different-translucency zirconia-ceramic restorations ZOU Yan, XIONG Pei-wen, ZHU Hong-shui Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (2): 154-157.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.02.008 Abstract （510）      PDF （524KB）（261）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the color difference(△E) on titanium alloy background and translucency parameter(TP) of four kinds of zirconia-based all-ceramic specimens, providing a clinical reference for restoring grayish abutment. METHODS: Four groups with a total of 24 ceramic specimens were fabricated to a final specimen dimension of 14 mm×14 mm×1.5 mm, two kinds of zirconia with different translucency（Beitefu high-translucency, Cercon low-translucency）and their corresponding body porcelain at the shade of A2 were used as followed:high-translucency zirconia sintered dentine porcelain(Group A),low-translucency zirconia sintered dentine porcelain(Group B),high-translucency zirconia sintered opaque and dentine porcelain(Group C),low-translucency zirconia sintered opaque and dentine porcelain(Group D).The color parameters of the specimens under two backgrounds (titanium alloy and shade A3 light-activated resin-based composite) were measured by Shade Eye NCC colorimeter, then the △E value was determined by the relevant equations. The color parameters under black and white background were measured, and TP value was calculated. The experimental data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: There was significant difference of the TP value and the △E value among four groups specimens(P<0.05), the TP value was arranged as follows: group D<group C<group B<group A. The specimen used with opaque porcelain showed significantly reduced translucency. The △E value was arranged as follows :group D < group C < group B < 1.5 < 2 <group A, the △E value of group A cannot be accepted in clinic. CONCLUSIONS: The restoration of low-translucency zirconia sintered translucency veneering ceramic has better translucency, with value of △E<1.5 when used on the grayish abutment, which has a good aesthetic performance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Single-cell transcriptome characterization of oral mucosal fibroblasts ZHAO Jiong, BAI Guo, YANG Chi Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2024, 33 (1): 1-5.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.01.001 Abstract （509）      PDF （1308KB）（363）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To elucidate the disparities and similarities in the composition and function of fibroblast subtypes between normal oral mucosa and cutaneous tissue, to establish a unified classification of fibroblast subtypes between these two tissue types, comprehend the differences and similarities in their functionalities, and provide a foundational basis for future applications in the fields of tissue repair and regeneration. METHODS: Four single-cell databases from both oral mucosa and cutaneous tissue were integrated and fibroblast subpopulations were extracted. Batch effects were eliminated using Harmony, and fibroblast subpopulations were subsequently classified via UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) clustering. The functional analysis of these subpopulations was conducted through gene set enrichment results. Statistical analysis was performed with R 4.2.0 software package. RESULTS: Eight distinct functional fibroblast subpopulations were defined, and their functions were found to be associated with the composition of the extracellular matrix, immunity, and contraction. Statistical analysis revealed differences in the composition ratios of these subpopulations between oral mucosa and skin tissue. CONCLUSIONS: To evaluate the role of fibroblasts in tissue homeostasis and wound healing accomplished by integrating and analyzing fibroblasts from normal skin and oral mucosal tissue from various sites, this study identifies the differences in fibroblast subpopulation composition and function between these two tissue types in healthy conditions, and provides an understanding of oral mucosa and skin homeostasis and cellular function at the transcriptomic level. The findings of this study may serve as a basis for future research in this area. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the use status of internet outpatient in stomatological departments based on AI follow-up TAO Mao-mao, LIU Jun, LIAO Qian, WANG Xu-dong Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (2): 183-187.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.02.013 Abstract （503）      PDF （657KB）（221）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To analyze the use status and satisfaction of the follow-up patients, and explore the construction of internet medical service model and platform in stomatology. METHODS: Patients who visited the internet clinic of stomatology from January to June, 2021 were selected. After diagnosis and treatment, they were followed up by AI intelligent voice with self-designed questionnaire. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 372 valid questionnaires were collected. The male-to-female ratio of oral patients was 1.25:1, with an average age of 35.96 years. Most of them had a bachelor's degree or above, and the patients were mainly from the Yangtze River Delta. 53.76% of patients needed doctors to prescribe drugs. 81.72% of the dental patients believed that the consultation process of internet clinic was convenient, and 79.83% of patients perceived that the system operation of internet clinic was convenient. Binary logistic regression showed that digital literacy, convenience of medical treatment process were significantly related to the satisfaction of internet outpatient service, while gender, education level, online medical treatment duration and convenience of system operation were not related. CONCLUSIONS: Internet medical treatment in stomatology is feasible, but it is still necessary to break through limitations and further innovate service function. Internet outpatients are mainly young and middle-aged, but it is still necessary to care for the special group of the elderly. It is necessary to further optimize the process, upgrade the system and innovate management, strengthen policy support and incentive mechanism, and promote the transformation of medical service mode in stomatology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro study on cytotoxicity, osteogenic potential and antibacterial activity of silicate root canal sealers YANG Xi-liang, ZHENG Tian-xia, LI Wen, WANG Wu-liang, YIN Zi-han, BAI Yu-hong Shanghai Journal of Stomatology    2023, 32 (3): 246-250.   DOI: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.03.005 Abstract （502）      PDF （1442KB）（278）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of a new type of strontium silicate-based C-Root SP root canal sealer, and to provide a reference for clinical selection of sealers. METHODS: C-Root SP, iRoot SP and AH Plus extracts were prepared, L929 cells and MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro, and the cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of the three sealers were compared. Fresh sealers were mixed with Enterococcus faecalis solution and the antibacterial activity of the sealer was determined by direct contact text (DCT). SPSS 25.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: At 24, 48, and 72 h, the cytotoxicity of the sealers in each group were significantly different (P<0.01). Compared with AH Plus, the cytotoxicity of C-Root SP was lower (P<0.01). C-Root SP was superior to AH Plus in promoting the activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) (P<0.01). iRoot SP was the strongest in promoting the formation of mineralized nodules, followed by C-Root SP, and the weakest was AH Plus(P<0.01). C-Root SP inhibited the growth of Enterococcus faecalis, and its antibacterial rate was significantly higher than AH Plus(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The strontium silicate root canal sealer C-Root SP has low cytotoxicity, certain osteogenic potential and antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, so it can be used for root canal filling. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics