Table of Content

10 October 2013, Volume 22 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Basic Scientific Study

Select

Effect of fluoride on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone in ameloblast of rat incisor ZHANG Kai-qiang, ZHANG Ying, LIU Lu, GU He-feng, MA Lin 2013, 22 (5):  481-486.  Abstract ( 176 )   PDF (2174KB) ( 212 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of different concentrations of fluoride on the expression of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, and to explore the mechanism of dental fluorosis in rat. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CRT, GRP78, XBP-1 and caspase-12 in rat incisors. Metamorph microscope images analysis system and SPSS 13.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Typical features of dental fluorosis were found in the fluoride group. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that CRT (F=238.6, P<0.05), GRP78 (F=27.42, P<0.05), XBP-1 (F=139.7, P<0.05) and caspase-12 (F=43.91, P<0.05) were significantly different among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive fluoride can increase the secretion of CRT, GRP78, XBP-1 and caspase-12 suggest the ameloblasts and in status of endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase-12 plays an important role during ameloblast apoptosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Detection and the immune status of regulatory T cells in experimental periodontitis JIN Ying, WANG Lin-yuan, LIN Xiao-ping 2013, 22 (5):  487-491.  Abstract ( 270 )   PDF (1101KB) ( 314 )   PURPOSE: To establish animal model in mice with orally infected periodontitis with Porphyromonas gingivalis and intraperitoneal injection of P.g antigen, simulate periodontal pathogens of human periodontal disease, and analyze the expression of regulatory T cells in this model. METHODS: The extent of periodontal bone resorption was measured by entity microscope, and inflammatory cell infiltration of the periodontal tissue lesions was observed by HE staining. Flow cytometric analysis was used to detect the expression of regulatory T cells in periodontal disease during the chronic inflammation. The expression levels of TGF-β1, IL-10mRNA in periodontal tissue were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, compared with the normal control group, the distance between cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar crest was significantly increased in periodontal disease group(P<0.05); Massive inflammatory cells were infiltrated and periodontal pockets deepened in periodontal tissue. The expression levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10mRNA were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The ratio and numbers of Treg cells were significantly reduced in the spleen (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In experimental periodontitis, the number and the function of regulatory T cells are abnormal. It may be relevant to the reduction of immune suppression cytokines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of Smad4 and Smad7 of BMP signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma LIU Duan-qin, ZHANG Jun, SONG Hong-ning, ZHENG Jun, WANG Xu-xia, 2013, 22 (5):  492-497.  Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (1499KB) ( 204 )   PURPOSE: To observe the changes of the expressions of Smad4 and Smad7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue, and to investigate the effects of Smad4 and Smad7 on occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: Seventy-two cases with OSCC which were pathologically confirmed were included in the study. Cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue were taken to make slices. SP immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Smad4 and Smad7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue. SPSS11.5 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of Smad4 protein was 69.44% in adjacent normal tissues, and it was 45.83% in oral squamous cell carcinoma(P<0.05). The positive expression rate of Smad4 was lower when the degree of differentiation decreased; The positive expression rate of Smad4 with lymph node metastasis was 22.50%, while it was 65.63% without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). The positive expression rate of Smad7 protein in adjacent normal tissues was 19.44%, and it was 83.33% (P<0.05) in oral squamous cell carcinoma, the positive expression rate of Smad7 was higher when the degree of differentiation decreased. The positive expression rate of Smad7 with lymph node metastasis was 92.50%, while it was 68.75%(P<0.05) without lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of Smad4 is significantly reduced in cancer tissues and the expression is lower when the degree of differentiation decreased; the expression rate of Smad4 with lymph node metastasis is lower compared with those without lymph node metastasis. Smad7 has the opposite effect. Loss of expression of Smad4 may contribute to the development and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma；Over-expression of Smad7 may promote the development and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The inhibition of BMP/Smads signaling pathway may result in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma continually. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A three-dimensional finite element study on the reaction of different force values generated from maxillary protraction appliance LIU Wan-xin, WANG Xu-xia, ZHANG Wen-juan, DONG Rui, CHEN Yun, ZHANG Jun, 2013, 22 (5):  498-503.  Abstract ( 210 )   PDF (1255KB) ( 345 )   PURPOSE: To analyse the stress distribution of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) and jaw and the displacement changes of each part from the reaction force generated from maxillary protraction appliance by establishing a craniomaxillofacial three-dimensional finite element model (3-D FEM). METHODS: A 3-D FEM of craniofacial structure including TMJ and jaw was established from a male healthy subject by using CT scan and Mimics, Magics, MSC and other data analysis softwares. It was based on the linear elastic materials which were continuous, homogeneous, and isotropic. Then the simulation model in craniofacial 3D structure model of maxillary protraction device was establish based on the reaction principle, and different forces from 3 N to 6 N with a 37° angle from the occlusal plane was loaded at the bottom of the lower jaw in order to measure and analyze changes of stress and displacement in TMJ and jaw with the finite element analysis software ANSYS10.0. RESULTS: At the same angle , the stress in articular fossa and the head and neck of condyle increased with the applied force. Maximum stress was located where the stress was loaded on the mandible and the rigid fixation of maxilla. Meanwhile, this model appeared slight variation of displacement which increased with loading force. The maxillary displacement from basis cranii and occlusal plane to the parietal decreased gradually. Moreover, the mandibular displacement from the front to the rear was gradually reduced, and clockwise rotation was appeared. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that maxillary protraction appliance has reaction force on TMJ and jaw. With increasing of loading forces, reaction forces and deformation increase. At the same time, chin deformation may occur and the mandible has clockwise rotation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Relationship between ureolytic activity expression of Streptococcus salivarius urease genes ureIABCEFGD in Escherichia coli and nickel ions WANG Yan, LI Cun-rong , TAO Dan-ying , FENG Xi-ping 2013, 22 (5):  504-507.  Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (600KB) ( 237 )   PURPOSE: To obtain the clone of Streptococcus salivarius 57.Ⅰ urease genes ureIABCEFGD and investigate the relationship between ureolytic activity expression of this clone in Escherichia coli and nickel ions. METHODS: The target gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction in 2 parts separately. Then, 2 plasmids were digested by specific restriction enzymes and ligated together. The obtained plasmids were subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis and transformed into E.coli TG-1. The recombinant E.coli was added without or with different level of NiCl2. The amount of ammonia generated by ureolytic activity of each sample was measured by Nessler’s assay. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for correlation analysis. RESULTS: The clone of urease genes ureIABCEFGD was proved by sequence analysis and BLAST search. The amount of ammonia generated by the recombinant strain had a positive correlation with the level of NiCl2(r=0.9714，P<0.01). When the level of NiCl2 was 50 μmol/L, the amount of ammonia reached maximum and would have little variance despite the increase of NiCl2 level. CONCLUSIONS: Ureolytic activity expression of ureIABCEFGD has a positive correlation with the level of added NiCl2 not exceeding 50 μmol/L. The present clone can be used to further investigate the regulation of the ureolytic activity expression of Streptococcus salivarius urease gene. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The effect of H2O2 surface treatment of posts on the bond strength between glass fiber posts and the resin cement WANG Jing, WANG Jian-hong, GUO Jing, ZHU Hong-shui 2013, 22 (5):  508-513.  Abstract ( 190 )   PDF (1376KB) ( 219 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of H2O2 on the push-out bond strength between glass fiber posts and the resin cement. METHODS: Eighteen Tenax glass fiber posts and 18 Macthpost glass fiber posts were randomly assigned to 6 groups according to the surface treatments. Group A, no surface treatment (control group); Group B, treated with silane agent; Group C, treated with 3% H2O2, then with silane agent; Group D, treated with10% H2O2, then with silane agent; Group E, treated with20 % H2O2, then with silane agent; Group F, treated with 30% H2O2, then with silane agent. The posts were adhered using the resin cement to form cylindrical resin block. Each resin block was sectioned to 7 sections of 1 mm thick. A push-out test was performed on other sections of each post to measure bond strengths. The date was recorded and analyzed with SPSS13.0 software package. The failure modes were examined with stereomicroscope. RESULTS: The bond strengths of Tenax post from A1 to F1 were (22.35±3.43) MPa, (22.75±1.92) MPa, (27.21±3.60) MPa, (32.32±2.19) MPa, (36.15±2.32) MPa and (40.51±2.37) MPa, respectively. The bond strengths of Macthpost post from A2 to F2 were (17.29±3.23) MPa, (17.01±3.18) MPa, (20.48±2.11) MPa, (23.60±2.60) MPa, (27.65±3.77) MPa and (30.52± 2.99) MPa, respectively. No significantly difference (P>0.05) was found between Group A and Group B, except other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with H2O2 followed with silane agent can significantly improve the bond strength between Tenax and Macthpost glass fiber posts and resin cement. The group treated with 30% H2O2 has the highest bond strength, and the treatment procedure is more useful to improve the adhesion of the glass fiber post. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Influence of light irradiation mode on microhardness of dual cured resin cements XU Xiao-dong, MENG Xiang-feng, NIE Rong-rong 2013, 22 (5):  514-517.  Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (483KB) ( 274 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of different light irradiation modes on microhardness of dual-curing resin cements. METHODS: The cylindrical specimens (1 mm in thickness and 7.5 mm in diameter) of 5 self-adhesive resin cements (Biscem, Clearfil SA Cement, G-CEM LinkAce, Maxcem Elite and RelyX U100) and 2 universal resin cements(DUOLINK and Nexus 3) were irradiated respectively by a continuous mode (light-curing for 20 s) and a delayed mode (light-curing 5 s + auto-curing 60 s + light-curing 20 s), and then they were placed dry in a light-proof thermostat at 37℃. Surface microhardness of specimen was detected at 0.5, 24 h and 4 weeks post-irradiation. After that period of time, all specimens were soaked in ethanol for 24 h, their hardness were detected again, and the percentage of hardness reduction after soaking were calculated. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: The hardness of all resin cements under both irradiation modes increased mainly within 24 h post-irradiation. The irradiation mode did not affect the hardness of all resin cements 4 weeks after irradiation significantly (P>0.05), except for Biscem. However, after ethanol softening, 5 self-adhesive resin cements cured by the continuous mode had higher hardness reduction percentage than that cured by delayed mode (P<0.05); while hardness reduction percentage of 2 universal resin cements had no significant difference between continuous and delayed cure modes (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The self-adhesive resin cements cured by delayed mode had better anti-softening ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The effect of vascular endothelial cells on the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts DIN Jin, YIN Yuan-zheng 2013, 22 (5):  518-522.  Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (803KB) ( 231 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial cells on the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts through a model mimicking the periodontal wound healing and regeneration. METHODS: Human vascular endothelial cells, periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts were co-cultured using a Transwell system. The number of each type of cells at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after co-culture were counted using a cell counter machine, while periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts single culture were used as control. The results were statistically processed with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: When vascular endothelial cell was present, the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts were faster than each single culture, the difference between them was significant (P<0.01). The proliferation of periodontal ligament cells was faster than gingival fibroblast as they were co-cultured with vascular endothelial cells(which happened at day 6), although the results were contrary when they were single cultured, the difference between them was significant (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of vascular endothelial cells can promote the proliferation of periodontal cells, and the effect is more prominent on human periodontal ligament cells than on gingival fibroblasts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of insulin on peroxiredoxin-6 in the osteogenic differentiation of rat’s mandiular bone marrow stromal cells in high glucose WANG Jun-cheng, LI Ying, WANG Dong-sheng, E Ling-ling, LIU Hong-chen 2013, 22 (5):  523-527.  Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (1008KB) ( 215 )   PURPOSE: To explore the effect of insulin on the expression of peroxiredoxin-6 in osteogenic differentiation of rat’s mandibular bone marrow stromal cells(rBMSCs) in high glucose. METHODS: Bone marrow stromal cells were obtained from the mandible of Wistar rats and stimulated in three glucose concentrations mineral medium(5.5 mmol/L, 25 mmol/L and 45 mmol/L) with or without insulin(10-5mol/L) for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. The expression of prohibitin was quantified via enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assays (ELISA). The mineralization nodules were assessed at day 21 by alizarine red staining. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0 soft ware package. RESULTS: High glucose of 45 mmol/L inhibited mineralization of rBMSCs and insulin can improve the mineralization in high glucose. The expression of peroxiredoxin-6 in 45 mmol/L group decreased significantly compared with 5.5 mmol/L group and 25 mmol/L group. The expression of peroxiredoxin-6 in each group achieved maximum at day 21. Insulin (10-5 mol/L) increased the expression of peroxiredoxin-6 in 25 mmol/L group and 45 mmol/L group in osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. CONCLUSIONS: High glucose inhibits the expression of peroxiredoxin-6 in osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, while insulin upregulates the expression of peroxiredoxin-6 in rBMSCs. Peroxiredoxin-6 may play an important part in later stage in osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Defects in 2061 discarded ProTaper handfiles after clinical use GU Yong-chun, Ni Long-xing 2013, 22 (5):  528-532.  Abstract ( 204 )   PDF (1253KB) ( 170 )   PURPOSE: To explore the mechanism of failure of ProTaper NiTi handfiles during root canal preparation. METHODS: A total of 2061 discarded ProTaper handfiles were collected after clinical use. The files were studied under stero-microscope to determine the type of defect. The fractured files were photographed digitally and the pictures were analyzed by software Image-Pro Plus to measure the distance from the break point to the tip. The data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS 11.0 software package. RESULTS: Plastic deformation was observed in 166 files (8.2%), and the types of defects included unwinding, winding flutes, and plastic bending. Instrument separation occurred in 581 files (28.2%), and the fracture rate was the highest in the F2 file group (41.7%). The SX file group had the highest facture level, and the mean distance from the breakpoint to the file tip was (4.4±1.1) mm. CONCLUSIONS： For shaping files, especially at the apical level, the main cause of mental failure is overload of torque, whereas for finishing files, especially at the higher level, is cycle fatigue. Understanding the defect types of ProTaper handfiles is useful for avoiding file breakage during root canal therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Remineralization of enamel promoted by casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with different concentration of fluorin LIU Lu, YANG Lin, ZOU Min 2013, 22 (5):  533-536.  Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (632KB) ( 229 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) combined with different concentrations of fluoride on demineralization of enamel remineralization. METHODS: Extracted premolar teeth for orthodontic reason were immersed into lactic acid gel to prepare artificial white spot lesions. Then the specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 5% CPP-ACP group as control, 5% CPP-ACP +500 mg/L F- group and 5% CPP-ACP +900 mg/L F- group, which were measured by micro-hardness tester. SPSS 18.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in micro-hardness between control group and experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 by SNK-q test (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CPP-ACP can make the demineralization of enamel remineralization occurs. F can promote the CPP-ACP remineralization. The increase of fluoride can make the CPP-ACP remineralization better below 1000-1500 mg/L. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Study

Select

A study of maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness of Han population in Jiangsu region using cone-beam CT LI Jun, ZHOU Zhi-xuan, YUAN Hua, SHEN Ming, SUN Chao, CHEN Ning, 2013, 22 (5):  537-541.  Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (812KB) ( 920 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness by use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), in order to provide anatomical basis for preoperative risk assessment and operation guidance of maxillary sinus lifting. METHODS: Using SimPlant software, the 3D images were reconstructed with CBCT images from 412 subjects and the thickness of maxillary sinus lateral wall were evaluated at measurement plane. The data was analyzed with SPSS17.0 software package. RESULTS: Among 412 subjects (824 sides), the mean thickness of maxillary sinus lateral wall at the second premolar (P2), the first molar (M1) and the second molar (M2) was 2.23±1.07 mm, 2.19±1.45 mm and 1.41±0.81 mm, respectively. The thickness of maxillary sinus lateral wall on the left side were significantly different from that on the right side at P2 (P<0.01). Significant gender differences on the thickness of maxillary sinus lateral wall were demonstrated at P2 and M2 (P<0.05), and the thickness in men were thicker than that in women. The thickness of maxillary sinus lateral wall at M1 and M2 were significantly different among different age groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on the lateral wall thickness with respect to presence or absence of tooth. CONCLUSIONS: CBCT can accurately measure the thickness of maxillary sinus lateral wall. The mean thickness of lateral wall changes at different reference points. The value at premolar region is greater than that at molar region, and the maxillary sinus lateral wall is the thinnest at M2. There are significant differences in the mean thickness of the lateral wall with respect to age, gender, and side of maxillay sinus. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Investigation of dental manpower in non-public dental institutions in Liaoning province LIU Lu, ZHANG Ying, CHENG Rui-bo, XU Yan-mei, LU Zhen-fu 2013, 22 (5):  542-546.  Abstract ( 204 )   PDF (614KB) ( 216 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the non-public oral medical institutions in Liaoning province in 2011, and to analyze the status of dental manpower in non-public dental institutions in Liaoning province. METHODS: A mass survey on dental manpower was made in non-public dental institutions in Liaoning province in 2011 by means of questionnaire investigation, which included the institution type, dental devices, and the number, structure, composition, distribution of dental manpower in non-public dental institutions in Liaoning province. Data was entered with EpiData 3.0 and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: There were 1649 non-public dental institutions with 3132 dentists, 1265 nurses, 540 technicians and 3490 dental chairs in Liaoning province. 85.69% of the dental manpower were young and middle-aged. 33.17% of the dentists had primary professional titles, 42.53% of them had college degree and 87.96% of the dentists was general dentistry. In the dental auxiliaries, the primary professional title accounted for the majority. 95.97% of the nurses majored in general dentistry and 60.40% of the nurses’ educational background were below junior college degree. 72.59% of the technicians majored in prosthetic dentistry and 67.78% of their educational background were below junior college degree. The ratio of the dentists to nurses to technicians was 6∶2∶1. The ratio of the nurses to dental chairs was 1:2.76. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution and composition of dental manpower are not reasonable in non-public dental institutions in Liaoning province. We should strengthen effective utilization of oral health resources and the oral health service ability of non -public dental institutions in Liaoning province. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of two different kinds of occlusal splints on temporomandibular disorders CHEN Ting, LIAO Tian-an, ZHAN Ruo-jun, WU Li-na 2013, 22 (5):  547-550.  Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (527KB) ( 258 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of relaxed splint and stabilized splint on the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). METHODS: A total of 68 TMD patients were divided into 2 groups (30 patients with acute pain and 38 patients with chronic pain) and treated with relaxed splint or stabilized splint. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores and electromyography (EMG) of bilateral anterior temporal muscle (TA) and masseter muscle (MM) were recorded before treatment and 1 month after treatment. The data was analyzed using variance analysis and student’s t test with SPSS11.0 software package. RESULTS: At rest position, patients’ EMG decreased remarkably (P<0.05) after both kinds of splints treatment. During maximal voluntary clench, the EMG of masticatory muscle (TA, MM) of patients with acute pain and EMG of MM of patients with chronic pain increased significantly after relaxed splint treatment (P<0.05), but only EMG of MM increased significantly after stabilization splint treatment (P<0.05). Patients’ VAS scores decreased remarkably after both kinds of splints treatment (P<0.05), but during function, patients’ acute pain eased remarkably after relaxed splint treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The relaxed splint and stabilized splint can relax the masticatory muscles and ease TMD pain, but relaxed splint has significant effect on the treatment of acute TMD patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Progressively transformed germinal center in oral and maxillofacial region: report of 3 cases HUANG Lin-jiang, XUAN Gui-hong, LI Min 2013, 22 (5):  551-554.  Abstract ( 435 )   PDF (986KB) ( 439 )   PURPOSE: To discuss the diagnosis and prognosis of progressively transformed germinal center and emphasize the necessity of long term follow-up after treatment. METHODS: Three patients were diagnosed as progressively transformed germinal center (PTGC) from 2010 to 2012. The clinical characteristics, histological features, differential diagnosis, prognosis were analyzed with review of literatures. RESULTS: Among 3 cases, 2 were found around parotid gland, one was in the neck. All patients were young male adults, who received excisional biopsy and regular histopathological examination. They were followed up for 8 months to 2.5 years, no relapse was found. CONCLUSIONS: PTGC occurs more commonly in young male adults. It always appears as an isolated and painless enlarged lymph node, which responses poorly to antibiotics. The final diagnosis is relied on histopathological and immunocytochemical examinations. Close follow-up is necessary, and attention should be paid to nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin’s disease although there is no clear evidence about their relationship of development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Evidence-based quality assessment of Chinese clinical trials on the effects of stabilization of permanent anterior dental trauma SHI Lei, ZHU Ya-qin 2013, 22 (5):  555-558.  Abstract ( 192 )   PDF (509KB) ( 261 )   PURPOSE: To appraise the quality of Chinese clinical trials during recent 10 years about the treatment of permanent anterior dental trauma with evidence-based quality control methods. METHODS: The CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) and Wanfang electronic database with key words "permanent anterior dental trauma " were searched. Two hundred and forty-five papers were obtained during recent 10 years, 46 key papers about the treatment of permanent anterior dental trauma were retrieved. The quality of the Chinese clinical trials according to the consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) and strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement were assessed. RESULTS: Within the 46 key papers, there were 8 randomized controlled clinical trials, while the other 38 papers were observational studies. It was hard to evaluate precisely due to the lack of scientific information. The randomized controlled trials lacked details for randomization, allocation concealment and blinding compromised the quality. CONCLUSIONS: For the clinical studies about the effects of stabilization of permanent anterior dental trauma, the study quality needs to be improved, and progress should be made both in the clinical study design and the paper writing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Caries prevalence of the first permanent molar among 7-9 years old Uygur children in Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region RIZIWAGULI Amuti, ASIYA Yasheng, LIU Yuan, YANG Ran, ZOU Jing 2013, 22 (5):  559-558.  Abstract ( 471 )   PDF (387KB) ( 202 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the caries status of the first permanent molar among 7-9 years old Uygur children in Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, and provide bases for the oral health care of children in Urumqi. METHODS: The study was conducted in a preschool in Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, involving 1600 children aged among 7-9 years old. The dental caries of these children were examined by 2 general dentists according to the criteria of the Third National Epidemiological Survey in China. Data were analyzed by SPSS16.0 software package for χ2 test and student’s t test. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries in the first permanent molar among these children was 26.50%, with a mean DMFT of 0.44. The caries prevalence in boys was 22.98% and 30% in girls (P<0.05). The DMFT in boys and girls was 0.41, 0.47, respectively. The caries prevalence increased along with the increase of age. The caries prevalence of 9-year-old children was significantly higher than that in 7 and 8-year-old children (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The caries prevalence of the first permanent molar among 7-9 years old children in Urumqi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region is high. It is necessary to enhance the early guidance for the Uygur children to develop good oral health habits and status. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Establishment and management of electronic appointment library for dental implant patients DONG Zheng-jie, XU Kan 2013, 22 (5):  562-566.  Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (1871KB) ( 345 )   PURPOSE: To design an excel form which can prompt dental implant patient appointment through color change, which can scientifically manage implant EMR library through appropriate interlinkage and number. METHODS: An excel form based on operating system Windows XP was designed and software 2003 Microsoft excel was used, which was configured to change color with the passage of time by the use of command “conditional format”. RESULTS: An excel form was designed. The color turned to red automatically on the day the patient underwent implant surgery. It turned to yellow when the patient recalled 2 weeks after the first operation, to green when the patient underwent secondary operation. It was designed to be gray when all the procedures of implant restoration was finished. In addition, we could know patients’ main implant situation through directly opening his EMR when clicking on his name or number. CONCLUSIONS: Dentists can remind the implant patient appointment schedule through color change of an excel form, and can consult the implant patient EMR directly through interlinkage or number. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of orthodontic fixed device in restoring teeth space in children Wang Sun, CAO Hui-zhen 2013, 22 (5):  567-570.  Abstract ( 190 )   PDF (692KB) ( 221 )   PURPOSE：To assess the effect of orthodontic fixed device in restoring teeth space in children. METHODS: Brackets with archwire and open coil spring were used to restore teeth space loss in 8 cases. RESULTS: In all 8 cases, 6 cases achieved success, 1 case had improvement and 1 case had failure. Within these cases, the fastest restoring time was 2 months and the slowest restoring time was 7 months. CONCLUSIONS: It is an ideal method to restore teeth space with orthodontic fixed device. It is a simple, fast and economic for early orthodontic treatment. Due to the fewer cases, further study is needed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Oxidative stress and susceptibility of periodontal disease ZHANG Mei-fang, HUANG Yi-jing, ZHANG Hai-feng, TANG Wen, ZHOU Jie 2013, 22 (5):  571-576.  Abstract ( 216 )   PDF (777KB) ( 308 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between dietary antioxidant status and susceptibility of periodontal disease in humans. METHODS: Fifty patients with moderate-to-sever periodontal disease and 50 subjects without periodontal disease were enrolled in this study. Food frequency questionnaire and 72-hour diet recall were conducted to study the dietary pattern and antioxidant nutrients intake in patients and healthy subjects. Nutritional status including vitamins，mineral substance, and antioxidant enzymes in these 2 groups were analyzed in serum and saliva samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). SPSS 19.0 software package was used for paired t test. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the chronic periodontal group had lower levels of potatoes, aquatic product, milk, soy, fresh vegetables, fruit and vitamin supplements intake(P<0.05). Through food components analysis we found that the intake of vitamin A, C, B2, E, calcium, magnesium, copper, selenium was significantly lower in the chronic periodontal disease group than that in the control group (P<0.05). Biochemical analysis demonstrated that antioxidant nutrient levels including antioxidant enzyme SOD in serum and saliva together with magnesium, calcium, manganese, zinc in saliva were significantly lower in disease periodontal group than in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of periodontal disease. The antioxidant nutrients may help to protect paradentium. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical application of optimal designed Upcera super transparent zirconia all-ceramic restorations DING Chen, YU Qing, JING Jian-long, LIU Zheng-ming 2013, 22 (5):  577-580.  Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (1134KB) ( 352 )   PURPOSE：To summarize the clinical application of special designed Upcera ST zirconia all-ceramic restorations in cases with limited occlusal space. METHODS：Twenty-one patients with 23-unit restorations were enrolled in this study. First, the shape of abutment teeth and diagnostic wax-up were captured and digitized by Sirona inEos system. Then, each individually shaped framework to grant a defined ST zirconia base core was created by the reduced program of inLab software. Finally, all restorations were veneered with VITA VM9 and evaluated at placement using modified U.S.Public Health Service Criteria 6 to 12 months after restoration. Patients were inquired with satisfaction questionnaire at the same time. RESULTS: During 6 to 12 months of follow-up visit, except for one of 23 restorations was rated as failure by fractured root, none was replaced due to framework fracture or unrestorable delamination of the ceramic veneer. The shape and colour of all restorations were satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: To ensure optimum long-term clinical results of all-ceramic crown restorations, one important key is to overcome the fragmentation of dental prosthesis through modifying the shape of restoration. Based on the results of this study, the specially designed processing technology shows sufficient stability for ST zirconia all-ceramic restorations within a short term, which is deserved to be used in selected cases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Evaluation of clinical efficacy of casting pure titanium ring on reparation of subgingival residual root HUANG Lei, WANG Peng 2013, 22 (5):  581-584.  Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (629KB) ( 222 )   PURPOSE: To explore treatment regime and curative effect of the casting pure titanium ring on reparation of subgingival residual root. METHODS: Thirty-two teeth were selected for reparation of subgingival residual root after root canal therapy in our department during 2008-2010. The teeth were restored with casting pure titanium ring， glass fiber post and all-ceramic crown. The patients were recalled 12 and 24 months after placement of the pure titanium ring. Gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)samples were collected by filter paper strips . Then the weight of GCF was detected and the gingival index was recorded. The data was analyzed for paired samples t test by SPSS17.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the weight of GCF and the gingival index before and after placement of pure titanium ring (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: By using pure titanium ring, most subgingival residual root after root canal therapy can be rehabilitated and function well for long time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical evaluation of denture adhesive combined with oral wetting spray on satisfaction of complete denture in xerostomia patients JIAO Ji-lan, ZENG Li-wei, ZHOU Nian-gou, DENG Lu, CHEN Ping 2013, 22 (5):  585-588.  Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (506KB) ( 243 )   PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of denture adhesive and oral wetting spray on the satisfaction of wearing complete denture in xerostomia patients. MESHODS: Ten edentulous patients who suffered from deficient residual alveolar ridge and xerostomia with poor retention and stability of complete dentures or mandibular complete dentures were employed to assess the differences of satisfaction after use of denture adhesive in their dry oral cavity for 1 week, and use of denture adhesive combined with oral wetting spray for 1 month, 3 months and 6 months by using satisfaction questionnaire. The statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS17.0 software package. RESULTS: Six months after the use of denture adhesive combined with oral wetting spray, the satisfaction of complete denture was significantly improved in respects of general satisfaction, retention of mandible denture, comfort and mastication improvement than that before application (P<0.05). But 1 week after the use of denture adhesive alone, the satisfaction of comfort reduced than that before application (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Denture adhesive combined with oral wetting spray can be used to improve the satisfaction of xerostomia patients treated with complete denture who suffered from deficient residual alveolar ridge. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Tutorial

Select

Common errors and mistakes seen in Chinese prosthodontic articles GUO Tian-wen 2013, 22 (5):  589-591.  Abstract ( 175 )   PDF (431KB) ( 201 )   As an editor of dental journals, the author found that some inappropriate writing and mistakes existed in many articles, which reduced the quality of the published papers. The problems can be divided into three categories: irregular terminology; not concise, inaccurate description; improper use of punctuation and title code. They were illustrated respectively in this article for readers to avoid these mistakes in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dental Education

Select

Promote the development of dental education via National Board Dental Examinations YANG Xue-wen, BIAN Zhuan, WANG Yan, TAI Bao-jun, YAO Ling-ya 2013, 22 (5):  592-594.  Abstract ( 201 )   PDF (386KB) ( 301 )   PURPOSE: By evaluating the data of National Board Dental Examinations over recent 3 years, the disadvantages in the present dental education were analyzed and improvement schemes were proposed. METHODS: The enrollment system, faculty, facility and equipment were evaluated for dental schools in Hubei province from 2008 to 2010, including 4 dental schools and 7, dental professional schools. The passing rate of National Board Dental Examinations and National Board Dental Assistant Examinations were summarized. RESULTS: Lack of faculty resources and over-enrollment were found in 7 dental professional schools. In dental professional schools, the number of dental simulation units compared to number of students enrolled was as low as 1:0.15. The passing rate of National Board Dental Examinations was 27.9%-30.1%, and the passing rate of National Board Dental Assistant Examinations was 32.5%-40.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The passing rate of National Board Dental Examinations and National Board Dental Assistant Examinations is limited mainly by the lack of faculty and equipment resources and over-enrollment. We propose that basic knowledge shall be enhanced in dental professional schools. In addition, the target of education should be shot as high as that in dental schools. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Reports

Select

Application of custom casting separate post-and-core crown restorations of titanium in molar defects with low occlusogingival distance MENG He, WANG Dan, REN Xiao-juan, LIANG Rui-ying, WU Wen-hui 2013, 22 (5):  595-597.  Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (735KB) ( 233 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of custom casting separate post-and-core crown restorations of titanium in residual molar roots and crows with low occlusogingival distance. METHODS: Twenty-two residual roots and crowns with low occlusogingival distance were involved in the study. The root canals were prepared according to their natural directions without concerning about the common path of insertion and then the preparation of abutment teeth were made following the routine clinical procedure. Accurate impression was taken with silicone to fabricate the custom casting separate post-and-core crown restorations of Ti. The two parts were cemented together with resin cement. RESULTS: All the 22 fixed restorations were found to be with good retention and without looseness, falling off or breaking off of the roots. They all used normally for 6-30months. CONCLUSIONS： Custom casting separate post-and-core crown of Ti is a better prosthetic restoration for molar residual root and crown with low occlusogingival distance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Observation of clinical effect of vertically fractured molar teeth treated with elastic ligation CHENG Rui-qing, LI Jun-ke, ZHANG Zhi-yin 2013, 22 (5):  598-600.  Abstract ( 198 )   PDF (517KB) ( 241 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of vertically fractured posterior teeth treated with elastic ligation. METHODS: Eighty-six vertically fractured posterior teeth were chosen to be treated with elastic ligation for external fixation before root canal therapy (RCT), and then full crown prostheses were made for rehabilitation. RESULTS: The success rate after 1 year, 2 years and 3 years were 97.67%, 93.02% and 88.37%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Elastic ligation for vertically fractured posterior tooth before RCT can effectively prevent tooth fracture during treatment and preserve the tooth for functional use. References | Related Articles | Metrics