上海口腔医学

上海口腔医学 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 55-60.doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.01.011

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

运动牙套的缓冲及能量吸收特性分析

包世婕1, 叶盛佳1, 任笑威2, 李一涵3, 陈渠奕1, 魏斌4,*, 宫耀5,*   

  1. 1.上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院·口腔医学院 口腔修复科,上海 200011;
    2.上海国际医学中心,上海 200120;
    3.同济大学附属第十人民医院 口腔科, 上海 200072;
    4.上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院 口腔第一门诊,
    5.口腔正畸科, 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,上海市口腔医学重点实验室,上海市口腔医学研究所,上海 200011
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-31 修回日期:2020-05-25 出版日期:2021-02-25 发布日期:2021-04-02
  • 通讯作者: 宫耀,E-mail:gongy0328@126.com;魏斌,E-mail: drweibin2003@126.com。*共同通信作者
  • 作者简介:包世婕（1994-）,女,硕士研究生,E-mail: portia0923@126.com

Study on cushioning and energy absorption of sports mouthguard

BAO Shi-jie1, YE Sheng-jia1, REN Xiao-wei2, LI Yi-han3, CHEN Qu-yi1, WEI Bin4, GONG Yao5   

  1. 1. Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai 200011;
    2. Shanghai International Medical Center. Shanghai 200120;
    3. Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University. Shanghai 200072;
    4. Special Dental Consultation Clinic,
    5. Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology. Shanghai 200011, China
  • Received:2020-03-31 Revised:2020-05-25 Online:2021-02-25 Published:2021-04-02

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摘要： 目的:利用冲击试验测试不同厚度和材料的运动牙套缓冲及能量吸收特性。方法:按照运动牙套的厚度和材料,将牙套分为5组,每组6个试件。采用钟摆与力锤结合装置（摆锤）对牙套及牙列模型施加冲击能量,通过改变摆锤的释放高度而改变冲击能量的大小。应用力传感器与激光测振仪分别与数据采集和信号分析仪连接,获得锤头的入射速度、反弹速度、最大碰撞力、碰撞开始时间和结束时间,进一步计算获得牙套的碰撞时间、吸收能量和吸收能量比,反映不同牙套缓冲及能量吸收特性。采用SPSS 22.0软件包中的单因素方差分析和t检验,分析不同分组之间的差异。结果:在相同冲击高度下,无论牙列模型配戴何种类型牙套,受到的碰撞力都比不配戴者明显减小。厚度分别为2、3、4、5 mm的软质运动牙套,在同一冲击高度下,平均最大碰撞力和平均碰撞时间有显著差异（P<0.05）;其中,5 mm软质运动牙套的平均最大碰撞力最小,平均碰撞时间最短,4组牙套的平均吸收能量和平均吸收能量比均无显著差异。膜片厚度相同、材料不同的2组牙套,在同一冲击高度下,平均最大碰撞力、平均碰撞时间、平均吸收能量和平均吸收能量比均有显著差异（P<0.05）;其中,4 mm纯软质运动牙套的平均最大碰撞力较小,平均碰撞时间较长,4 mm前牙区加强运动牙套的平均吸收能量和平均吸收能量比较大。结论:运动牙套能够减小碰撞对牙及附近牙槽骨的损伤风险,在运动时有配戴的必要。软质运动牙套的缓冲性能最好,与厚度呈正相关。局部加强硬质材料可加强对冲击能量的吸收,提供更好的保护效果。

关键词: 运动牙套, 缓冲, 能量吸收

Abstract: PURPOSE: Using impact test to study cushioning and energy absorption of sports mouthguard of different thickness, material and combination. METHODS: According to the thickness, material and combination, the mouthguards were divided into 7 groups with 6 testing pieces in each group. A pendulum device was used to apply impact energy to the mouthguard and dentition model, and the magnitude of the impact energy was measured by changing the release height of the pendulum. The force sensor and the laser vibrometer were respectively connected to the data acquisition and signal analyzer to obtain the incident speed, rebound speed, maximum collision force, collision start time and collision end time of the hammer head. Collision time, energy absorption and energy absorption ratio of the mouthguard were calculated, which reflected different mouthguard cushioning and energy absorption characteristics. One-way analysis of variance and t test in SPSS 22.0 software package was used to analyze the difference between different groups. RESULTS: No matter what type of mouthguard was worn by the dentition model, the impact force was significantly reduced than without mouthguards. At the same height, there was significant difference between the average maximum collision force and the average collision time among soft mouthguards with thicknesses of 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm(P<0.05); among which the average maximum collision force of the 5 mm was the smallest and the average collision time was the shortest. There was no significant difference in the average energy absorption and the average energy absorption ratio among these 4 groups. There was significant difference in the average maximum collision force, average collision time, average energy absorption and average energy absorption ratio between the two groups of mouthguards with the same thickness of splints and different materials(P<0.05). Among them, the average maximum impact force of the 4 mm soft mouthguard was smaller and the average collision time was longer. CONCLUSIONS: Wearing sports mouthguard can reduce the risk of tooth fracture during collision. Soft mouthguard has the best cushioning performance and it is positively related to thickness. Locally strengthening hard materials can enhance energy absorption and provide better protection.

Key words: Sports mouthguard, Cushioning, Energy absorption

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