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25 December 2021, Volume 30 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Differential expression of pro-angiogenic miRNAs in dental tissue-derived stem cells under hypoxia LIN Xin-hai, WANG Hao-dong, JIANG Long 2021, 30 (6):  561-566.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.001 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (1349KB) ( 212 )   PURPOSE: To explore pro-angiogenic miRNAs differentially expressed in dental tissue-derived stem cells under hypoxia. METHODS: Stem cells from apical papilla, dental pulp stem cells and periodontal ligament stem cells were obtained from 3 patients, and treated with nomoxia or hypoxia for 1, 3, 5 d, respectively. Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of 9 specifically identified pro-angiogenic miRNAs and HIF-1α. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: At the fifth day of hypoxic condition, as for SCAPs, the expression of miR-126 was relatively increased while miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-21, miR-130a, miR-132, miR-210 and miR-503 deceased. As for DPSCs, the expression of miR-21, miR-130a, miR-126 and miR-210 were relatively increased while miR-132 decreased. As for PDLSCs, the expression of miR-126, miR-21 and miR-296 were relatively increased. Finally, the expression of HIF-1α was relatively upregulated in all three type of cells. CONCLUSIONS: Pro-angiogenic miRNAs in dental tissue-derived stem cells under hypoxia exists specific expression profile. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of chronic kidney disease on periodontitis-related microorganisms in mice MA Xiao-xin, DUAN Sheng-zhong, FENG Xi-ping, ZHANG Zhi-yuan, XU Wei, LU Hai-xia 2021, 30 (6):  567-572.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.002 Abstract ( 169 )   PDF (1655KB) ( 114 )   PURPOSE: To explore the effect of chronic kidney disease on the composition of oral microbial community in mice and find the significant species. METHODS: Twenty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: healthy control group (HC), periodontitis group (PD), chronic kidney disease group (CKD) and chronic kidney disease and periodontitis group (CKD+PD). The periodontitis model was created in the fourth week when the chronic kidney disease model was established, and then the mice were sacrificed in the sixth week. Histopathological analysis of the kidney was performed by H-E staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Alveolar bone resorption of maxilla was analyzed by micro-CT analysis. The third-generation full-length sequencing of 16SrRNA gene was used to analyze the composition of oral microbial community among groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0 software package. RESULTS: There were significant differences in alveolar bone resorption, the richness of species and the overall composition of the microbial community among the four groups (P<0.001). In CKD group, Streptococcus azizii had the most significant abundance. Escherichia coli was the most significantly different species among identifiable bacteria in CKD+PD group, while Staphylococcus lentus and Lactobacillus murinus were species with the most significant differences in HC group and PD group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The composition of the oral microbial community was significantly different among four groups with significant species. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Met kinase inhibitor BMS-777607 on proliferation and apoptosis of tongue cell line CAL 27 squamous cell carcinoma MA Zhao-lei, LIU Jia-nan, SU Rong-jian, HE Wu-bin, HUANG Ke-qiang 2021, 30 (6):  573-578.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.003 Abstract ( 213 )   PDF (1131KB) ( 88 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of Met kinase inhibitor BMS-777607 on proliferation and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line CAL27. METHODS: The effect of BMS-777607 on proliferation of CAL27 was detected by MTT method, clone formation assay and EdU cell imaging. Morphological changes of apoptosis of CAL27 cells induced by BMS-777607 were observed by Heochst33342 staining. JC-1 staining was used to detect the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential of CAL27 cells treated with BMS-777607. Western blot was used to detect the effect of BMS-777607 on the expression of proliferation protein Akt, p-Akt and apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Parp in CAL27 cells. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: BMS-777607 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of CAL27 cells in a concentration-dependent manner（P<0.05）. It also inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 and p-Akt and promoted the expression of Bax, Cleaved caspase-3 and Parp protein (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BMS-777607 can inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of CAL27 cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Naringenin promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis BAI Shu-lin, WANG Yi-pei, JIN Ke, LUO Xiao-ling, XU Xiao-mei 2021, 30 (6):  579-584.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.004 Abstract ( 170 )   PDF (2153KB) ( 115 )   PURPOSE: To explore the influence of naringenin on osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs), and the role of SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis in the osteogenic differentiation by naringenin. METHODS: BMSCs of the rats were isolated,cultured and tested. CCK-8 assay was used to explore the proliferation ability of BMSCs in different concentrations of naringenin, and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity was detected. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of ALP, OCN, CXCR4 and SDF-1α in different groups. The expressions of CXCR4 and SDF-1α protein in BMSCs during osteogenic differentiation in different experimental groups were detected by ELISA. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The results of cell identification showed that the cultured cells were BMSCs. At 1 d and 3 d, all concentrations of naringenin had no significant effect on the proliferation of BMSCs; and at 5 d, 50 μg/mL of naringenin promoted proliferation of BMSCs;furthermore, at 7 d, all concentrations of naringenin promoted proliferation of BMSCs(P<0.05). ALP activity value gradually increased in each concentration over time. From the RT-qPCR experiment, the mRNA expression of ALP, OCN, CXCR4 and SDF-1α in the naringenin group and the osteogenic induction group was significantly increased compared with the medium group(P<0.05). ELISA assay showed that the protein expressions of CXCR4 and SDF-1α increased gradually in the four groups as time went on and the expression of two proteins was the highest in 100 μg/mL naringenin group. CONCLUSIONS: Naringenin can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by naringenin,particularly in the early stage of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different pretreatment methods on dentin microleakage and bonding effect in caries HUANG Wen-qing, LI Yu, YANG Jian 2021, 30 (6):  585-588.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.005 Abstract ( 192 )   PDF (495KB) ( 116 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different pretreatment methods on dentin microleakage and bonding effect of caries, so as to provide reference for clinical practice. METHODS: Sixty isolated caries were collected from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2020 to December 2020, and 120 dental samples were obtained by grinding them into two halves along the long axis of the precursor teeth. According to different pretreatment methods, they were divided into group A (2%NaClO), group B (2% chlorhexidine) and group C (75% ethanol). The bond strength, microtensile test and microleakage of the three groups of teeth were compared. SPSS 24.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: The bond strength of the three groups from high to low was group A, group B and group C(P<0.05); the fracture type of the three groups was compared, mixed damage of group A was lower than that of group B and group C; microleakage of the three groups was compared, and microleakage of group A was better than that of group B and group C(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-treatment with 2%NaClO can reduce dentin microleakage and significantly improve the bonding strength of teeth, which is conducive to the promotion and application in the treatment of dental diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protection effect of baicalin-regulated IKKα on inflammatory reaction of human oral keratinocytes LIU Zhuan-zhuan, XU Na, GAO Rui-fang, ZHANG Fang 2021, 30 (6):  589-594.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.006 Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (741KB) ( 115 )   PURPOSE: To observe the regulation of baicalin on IKKα mediated MASPIN in Human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) inflammatory reaction, this study was to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of baicalin on oral mucosal inflammation. METHODS: HOKs were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the inflammatory response of oral mucosal inflammation in vitro. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the toxicity of baicalin to HOKs; then different concentrations of baicalin were pre-treated to LPS-stimulated HOKs, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was used to detect the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated HOKs; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot assay were used to detect the regulatory effects of baicalin on gene and protein expression levels of IKKα mediated MASPIN in LPS-stimulated HOKs. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: HOKs stimulated by 10 μg/mL LPS successfully simulated the inflammatory environment of oral mucosal inflammation. The concentration of baicalin between 1 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL had no toxic effect on HOKs. With the increasing concentration of baicalin, the expression of MASPIN increased gradually, while the expression of IKKα and inflammatory factors decreased gradually(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Baicalin can decrease the expression of inflammatory factors in LPS-stimulated HOKs, down-regulate IKKα and up-regulate MASPIN. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the clinical value of three reciprocating single nickel-titanium instruments in preparation of simulated curved root canals YANG Xiao-han, YANG Xu 2021, 30 (6):  595-598.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.007 Abstract ( 166 )   PDF (495KB) ( 167 )   PURPOSE: To explore the application value of three reciprocating single nickel-titanium instruments in preparation of simulated curved root canals. METHODS: One hundred and fifteen single-curved resin simulation root canals were selected and divided into Reciproc group (group A, 28), One file group (group B, 29), Wave One group (group C, 29) and control group (group D, 29) by random graph method. The simulated root canals were prepared according to the specifications of the instructions, root canal preparation, resin removal, root canal cleaning effect, center positioning ability and root canal width were compared. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in quality and curvature among four groups(P>0.05). The difference in root canal preparation time among the four groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the root canal preparation time in group B was the shortest(P<0.05). Comparison of resin removal at the root canal orifice and the midpoint of the bending start point among four groups, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The root canal wall debris scores and smear layer scores in four groups were significantly different(P<0.05). Compared with group A, B and D, the root canal wall debris scores of the crown, middle and tip of group C were the lowest, the scores of smear layer on the crown and middle of the root canal wall was the lowest(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the center positioning ability of the four groups at 5 mm, 6 mm and 7 mm from the apical foramen(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in root canal width among four groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Reciproc, One file and Wave One reciprocating single nickel-titanium instruments can maintain the original shape of the simulated root canal. Compared with Reciproc and Wave One, One file has better root canal shaping ability and cleaning effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and clinical significance of HIST1H2BH in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma WANG Shou-peng, DING Zi-xue, MENG Jian, LI Meng, LI Xiao-dong, YUAN Zhuang 2021, 30 (6):  599-605.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.008 Abstract ( 215 )   PDF (1880KB) ( 123 )   PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of HIST1H2BH in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to analyze its clinical significance. METHODS: The expression of HIST1H2BH in different tumors and HNSCC were analyzed based on the Oncomine and GEPIA database, and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic value of HNSCC patients were also analyzed. The expression of HIST1H2BH in clinical specimens were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The variation of HIST1H2BH in HNSCC and its relationship with prognosis were analyzed based on the cBioPortal database. The interaction proteins and molecular mechanism of HIST1H2BH were preliminarily predicted using the String database. SPSS 24.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Analysis of Oncomine database and GEPIA database showed that HIST1H2BH was highly expressed in variety of tumors, and was significantly highly expressed in HNSCC. The expression level of HIST1H2BH was closely related to the pathological stage and prognosis of HNSCC patients, the prognosis of patients with high HIST1H2BH expression was poor. Immunohistochemical results of clinical specimens showed that the expression of HIST1H2BH in the cancerous tissue of HNSCC patients was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues. cBioPortal database analysis showed that the variation rate of HIST1H2BH in HNSCC patients was not high, but it was related to the disease-free survival rate. String database analysis showed that there were many genes associated with HIST1H2BH, and the signal pathways involved in biological processes were also complex. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of HIST1H2BH is elevated in HNSCC tissues, and its high expression is associated with poor prognosis. HIST1H2BH could be served as a marker for diagnosis and prognosis of HNSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro study of a new lasso device for intra-canal broken instrument removal XIE Ke-xian, WANG Xiao 2021, 30 (6):  606-610.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.009 Abstract ( 181 )   PDF (1046KB) ( 146 )   PURPOSE: This in vitro study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intra-canal broken instrument removal using a new lasso device. METHODS: Mandibular molars that were freshly extracted within 6 months were used in this study. The teeth were examined under magnification to rule out cracks. Only teeth with closed apices and measured longer than 18 mm from cusp tip to root tip were chosen. Root curvature should be less than 90°. After root canal negotiation, 3 mm of a size 30#04 taper nickel titanium file, which was shortened by 5 mm before, was intentionally fractured in the coronal to mid-third of the mesial buccal canal. The teeth were randomly assigned to the lasso and ultrasonic group, each group had 20 teeth. All teeth underwent broken instrument removal procedures. The procedure time and removal success rate were recorded. Cone-beam CT(CBCT) was taken before and after instrument breakage, and after instrument removal. Root curvature, depth of fracture, level of broken instrument, and canal volume were recorded for each group. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in terms of root curvature, depth of fracture, level of broken instrument and removal success rate between the two groups(P>0.05). The procedure time was significantly shorter and root canal volume increase was significantly less in the lasso group(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The new lasso device for intra-canal broken instrument removal has a high success rate in this in vitro study. Its usage can preserve more root dentine and shorten treatment time. It can be an useful adjunct to ultrasonic instrument in removing broken instrument from the root canal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessing the influence of lip prominence on perceived facial aesthetics among different groups of observers：a preliminary study CAI Cheng-lin, YE Nian-song, YUAN Ling-jun, WU Si-cheng, LI Lyu-yuan, CHEN Shu-yi, PAN Guo-yan, FANG Bing 2021, 30 (6):  611-617.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.010 Abstract ( 192 )   PDF (1191KB) ( 178 )   PURPOSE: To collect facial stereo images of different lip protrusion by using three dimensional surface imaging device, and investigate facial aesthetic evaluation and differences between orthodontists, general dentists and laypeople. METHODS: In this study, one college student was recruited to take a three-dimensional image of the natural head and face. The software was simulated with a gradient of 2 mm to make the soft tissue lips move back and forth along the sagittal axis from the VSL line.The movement limit was 6 mm in front of and behind the VSL line. The observers included orthodontists, general dentists and laypeople. The data were analyzed with SAS 9.4 software package,visual analog scoring (VAS) was used for evaluation, and fixed-effect model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that when the lip was on the VSL line, it got the highest scores amount all three groups and had no significant difference.When the lip became protrusive or retractive, it had negative impact on facial esthetics. There were significant differences in the scores of three groups in every 2mm of lip protrusion and lip retraction(P<0.05). VAS 5 points or less were used as the unacceptable facial aesthetic score. The results showed that lip protrusion was 4 mm before the VSL line in the orthodontist group and less than 5 in the laypeople group . When the lip protruded 6mm before the VSL line and retracted 4 mm behind the VSL line, the scores of the three groups were lower than 5 points. The results also showed that male evaluation of lip protrusion 2 mm before the VSL line had a lower score than female; On the other hand, female evaluation of lip retraction behind the VSL line above 4mm had a lower score than male. CONCLUSIONS: Lip position has significant effect on facial aesthetics. Different observers had significant differences in the evaluation of lip position on facial aesthetics. It is suggested that orthodontists need more communication with patients in determining the target position of orthodontic treatment to improve treatment satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of modified digital guide plate technique in repair of mandibular defect with fibular myocutaneous flap CAI Man, WANG Yi-zhou, ZHU Qing-hai, HOU Chen-xing, HAN Wei, WANG Chen-xing, LI Huai-qi, TIAN Hong-wei, YE Jin-hai 2021, 30 (6):  618-623.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.011 Abstract ( 173 )   PDF (1803KB) ( 149 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical value of modified digital guide plate technique in mandibular segmental resection and fibular flap reconstruction. METHODS: Sixteen patients were randomly divided into conventional guide plate technology group and improved digital guide plate group, who underwent mandibular segmental resection and vascularized fibular myocutaneous flap repair in the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Fuyang People's Hospital, from January 2016 to January 2020, eight cases in each group. The lesions of the mandible were all benign. Patients in the conventional guide technology group received routine examination before operation, and conventional guide designed the operation plan. Patients in the improved digital guide group underwent cone-beam CT (CBCT) of mandible and CTA of both lower limbs before operation. The data were imported into the digital guide software to simulate the operation process, and reconstructed 3D model was printed to make intraoperative guide for accurate positioning. Patients in both groups were reexamined with CBCT 2 weeks after operation, the condylar position change and mandible morphological change were selected as the reference. Through comparative analysis of preoperative and postoperative CT, the condylar position change, the mandible morphological change, mouth opening degree and opening type were analysed, and the operation effect of the two groups was compared. Before denture restoration, the patient satisfaction questionnaire was used to evaluate the masticatory function, speech function and facial appearance 3 months after operation. SPSS 25.0 software package was analyzed for different types of data by Student's t test and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test. RESULTS: The two groups of patients were successfully operated. The condylar position change and mandible morphological change of the improved digital guide group were significantly less than that of the conventional guide group. The satisfaction degree of masticatory function and facial appearance in the improved digital guide group was significantly higher than that of the conventional guide group. There was no significant difference in the satisfaction of speech function between the two groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Improved digital guide plate technique has high clinical value in use of vascularized fibular myocutaneous flap to accurately repair the mandibular defects, which simplifies the operation process, reduces postoperative complications, and improves the accuracy of mandibular reconstruction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and verification of oral health literacy measurement tool TIAN Zhi -qiang, LU Jiao, DING Ling, SONG Li, WANG Chun-fang, WU Feng, WANG Yan-jun, ZHENG Jian-zhong 2021, 30 (6):  624-628.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.012 Abstract ( 198 )   PDF (601KB) ( 138 )   PURPOSE: Constructing a measurement tool of oral health literacy, and testing its reliability and validity, so as to provide a scientific basis for evaluation of oral health literacy of Chinese residents. METHODS: Convenient sampling was used to select the permanent population of a community in Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province from March to April 2020. The first draft of the oral health literacy scale was formed through literature review, expert consultation and cognitive interviews. General demographic characteristics, Spearman rank correlation, item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's α coefficient were analyzed to evaluate and verify the scale using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: A total of 1 000 questionnaires were issued in this study, and 858 effective questionnaires were retrieved. Through project analysis and exploratory factor analysis, a total of 90 items were formed including 5 dimensions containing basic skills, information-related capabilities, oral health maintenance capabilities, personal characteristics, and social support. The score of each item was related to the score of the dimension (r=0.250~0.744, P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the overall fit index of the model was acceptable, where χ2/df=2.785, RMSEA=0.057(95% CI: 0.052~0.0762), IFI=0.931, TLI=0.856, CFI=0.895, the Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.899, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was between 0.709 and 0.920. CONCLUSIONS: The oral health literacy measurement tool constructed in this study has good reliability and validity, which can be used by dental practitioner in the prevention, treatment, and health education of oral diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of reliability and validity of the elimination test of joint clicking for the diagnosis of temporomandibular anterior disc displacement with reduction CHEN Xu, XU Li-li, CAI Bin 2021, 30 (6):  629-633.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.013 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (635KB) ( 124 )   PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity of the elimination test of joint clicking for the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) anterior disc displacement with reduction(ADDwR). METHODS: From July 2019 to December 2019, 102 patients who visited the Rehabilitation Department of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, complaining of joint clicking were recruited. All the patients received clinical examination and the elimination test of joint clicking by two evaluators, A and B independently. Preliminary diagnosis was made that whether the patient had ADDwR. Then magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of bilateral TMJ was performed. According to the imaging criteria for MRI diagnosis,articular disc position was divided into 3 categories: normal, ADDwR, and anterior disc displacement without reduction. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of the test were calculated by using MRI diagnosis results as the gold standard. The Kappa coefficient of the elimination test results between evaluators A and B was calculated. SPSS13.0 software package was used for Chi-square test of cross table. RESULTS: The positive rates of A and B were 35%(72/204) and 37%(76/204),respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of evaluator A were 71%, 91%, 85%, 81%, 7.61 and 0.32,respectively, P<0.01. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio of evaluator B were 76%, 91%, 85%, 84%, 8.11 and 0.27,respectively, P<0.01. The Kappa coefficient between evaluators A and B was 0.873±0.036（P<0.01）. CONCLUSIONS: The elimination test of joint clicking is simple and easy to operate, which has a good diagnostic value for the determination of TMJ ADDwR. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of maxillary expansion combined with Twin-block on upper airway of children with mouth breathing and dentomaxillofacial malformation GUO Jing-han, YU Li-ming, LI Yuan-yuan, LIU Yue-hua 2021, 30 (6):  634-638.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.014 Abstract ( 578 )   PDF (836KB) ( 164 )   PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the changes of upper airway before and after combined treatment of maxillary expansion and Twin-block(TB) in children with mouth breathing (MB) and malocclusion. METHODS: Twelve children with orthodontic deformities were selected for maxillary expansion and TB. Cone-beam CT was taken before and after treatment, and the images were analyzed using Dolphin imaging software 11.8. The data were analyzed by paired sample t test with SPSS 21.0 software package. RESULTS: The patients' upper airway measurement data showed an overall increase trend after combined treatment, and the upper airway volume increased by 3326.44 mm3（P<0.05）. The glossopharyngeal volume increased the most, with an average increase of 1146.20 mm3（P<0.05）. The narrowest cross-sectional area of the oropharynx and the cross-sectional area of the nasopharynx, palatopharynx, and glossopharynx increased 33.55 mm2（P>0.05）, 71.68 mm2（P<0.05）, 46.23 mm2（P<0.05）, 54.60 mm2（P<0.05）, respectively. The transverse（P>0.05） and sagittal（P<0.05） diameters of the nasopharynx, palatopharynx, and glossopharynx increased, and the ratio of the sagittal diameter to the transverse diameter(P<0.05) all increased. After treatment, only the narrowest cross-sectional area of the oropharynx and the increase in the transverse diameter of the nasopharynx, palatopharynx, and glossopharyngeal cross-sections were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillary expansion combined with TB treatment can increase the upper airway volume of children with MB and malocclusion. The upper airway shape tends to be oval, respiratory symptoms are improved, which help the children and help establish normal nasal breathing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Economic effect evaluation of fluoride varnishes on 3-5 years old children based on decision tree model YU Jin, ZENG Xiao-li, JIANG Yi-wei, WANG Hu-ning, ZHANG Hao, DA Dong-xin, ZHANG Ying 2021, 30 (6):  639-643.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.015 Abstract ( 184 )   PDF (764KB) ( 120 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the burden of dental caries among 3-year-old children in Zhoujiadu community of Shanghai, and to evaluate the effect of a 2-year fluoride anti-caries project. METHODS: According to the method of cluster sampling,1010 3-year-old children in Zhoujiadu community were randomly divided into control group and intervention group. Children in the intervention group were continuously fluorinated for two years, then dental caries prevelence was evaluated and compared between the two groups. At the same time, the economic burden (including direct burden,indirect burden and intangible burden) of caries in different corrosion degree in the same age and equal proportion of sample size were studied. The preventive effect and cost of fluoride intervention were analyzed by decision tree model,and the cost-effectiveness and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER) of intervention were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: The incidence and prevalence of dental caries in the intervention group were 47%, 58.3%, and 51.1%,67.6% in the control group.Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER) was CNY 153.76 per child remaining caries free. With the increase of the corrosion depth of dental caries,the indirect cost and intangible cost increased. CONCLUSIONS: From the perspective of healthcare system, the unit cost of reducing dental caries through fluoride application is low,which is suitable for prevention of dental caries in children. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of prognostic nomogram for squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa based on SEER database LIN Yang, JIANG Wei-cai, QIU Yu, GAO Bing-ju, LI Jun, CHEN Peng, LIN Li-song 2021, 30 (6):  644-648.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.016 Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (826KB) ( 102 )   PURPOSE: To construct a nomogram for predicting prognosis of buccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) patients based on the surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) database. METHODS: Five hundred and eight-three patients with primary BMSCC were included through the SEER database. R 3.6.0 was used to construct the nomogram model, Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors related to the prognosis of BMSCC, and construct the nomogram. The predictive capacity of the model was evaluated by comparison of calibration and discrimination with TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) staging system. Calibration curve and consistency index were used to evaluate the calibration of the model. SPSS 22.0 software package was used to construct receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to evaluate the discrimination of the model. RESULTS: Multivariate Cox analysis showed that age, T stage, and N stage were independent risk factors for the prognosis of BMSCC patients and were included in the construction of a nomogram. The calibration curve and consistency index of the nomogram group were significantly better than the TNM staging group. The discrimination between ROC curve and Kaplan-Meier survival curve in the nomogram group were better than the TNM staging group. This nomogram model was superior to the TNM staging system in terms of calibration and discrimination in predicting prognosis of BMSCC patients. CONCLUSIONS: A nomogram is constructed for predicting prognosis of BMSCC patients based on the SEER database which has better predictive performance than the TNM staging system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of early enteral nutritional support on 44 patients with postoperative chemoradiotherapy for oral and oropharyngeal cancers HAN Qiu-ye, DOU Sheng-jin, JIANG Wen, LI Rong-rong, ZHANG Hai-feng, ZHU Guo- pei 2021, 30 (6):  649-653.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.017 Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (1052KB) ( 80 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of enteral nutritional support on nutritional status and quality of life of patients with postoperative chemoradiotherapy for oral and oropharyngeal cancer 2 weeks before radiotherapy. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed the nutritional status and life quality of 44 patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer, who were nutritionally intervened at different times with postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Based on the weight 2 weeks prior to radiotherapy as a covariate to correct the baseline, weight, body mass index, as well as their changes from baseline, and patients' generated-subjective global assessment, global health status, physical function and fatigue in the quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30 & H&N35) were evaluated. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for repeated measurement analysis of variance. RESULTS: The total number of early intervention (2 weeks before radiotherapy to 2 weeks after the end of radiotherapy) was 25 and reactive intervention(3 weeks after radiotherapy to 2 weeks after the end of radiotherapy) was 19. The weight of both groups showed a downward trend during the chemoradiotherapy period, but the degree in the early intervention group was significantly smaller (P=0.023). PG-SGA of both groups showed significant decrease during the follow-up period, especially that in the early intervention group(P=0.027). The global health status of two groups was overall improved, but patients in both groups experienced fatigue, and their physical function continued fading, especially those in reactive intervention group(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the grades of oral mucositis between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The nutritional status of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer undergoing postoperative chemoradiotherapy decreased significantly. Early enteral nutritional support can sustain weight and improve patients' nutritional status to some extent, but fails to enhance the quality of life of patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of ibuprofen administration for preemptive analgesia on recovery quality after palatoplasty in infants PENG Zhe-zhe, SUN Ying, ZHANG Ma-zhong, ZHENG Ji-jian, WANG Yan-ting 2021, 30 (6):  654-657.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.018 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (525KB) ( 102 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of ibuprofen injection on the quality of postoperative anesthesia for infants who received palatoplasty. METHODS: Patients were induced with 8 % sevoflurane in oxygen(8 L/min), followed by intravenous catheterization. Tracheal intubation was facilitated intravenously with atropine 0.01 mg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, fentanyl 2 μg/kg, and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg. Anesthesia was maintained with 1-2 minimum alveolar concentration sevoflurane in oxygen and air until the end of surgery. Forty-six patients with cleft palate were randomly divided into ibuprofen injection group (Group A) and control group (Group B) with 23 patients in each group. Patients in group A received a single dose of 10 mg/kg ibuprofen intravenously and patients in group B received normal saline in 10 min after induction. The patients were transferred to postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after tracheal extubation. The operation time, spontaneous respiration recovery time and extubation time were recorded. FLACC score and PAED score were recorded immediately (T0), 10 min(T1), 20 min(T2), and 30 min(T3) after arrival at PACU. Fentanyl was injected slowly at 1 μg/kg for treatment of severe pain or severe delirium which lasted over 5 min. Perioperative adverse events were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.1 software. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in operation time, spontaneous respiratory recovery time and extubation time between the two groups(P>0.05), but there was significant difference in FLACC score between the two groups at T0 to T2(P<0.05). PAED score was significantly different between the two groups at all observation time point (P<0.05). Four(18%) patients in Group A and 9(43%) patients in group B received fentanyl treatment, the difference was significant(P<0.05). One patient from Group B presented SpO2<93% after treatment with fentanyl. Hypoxia was relieved after persistent oxygen therapy without prolongation of observation time in PACU. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of ibuprofen for infants after induction does not affect spontaneous respiratory recovery time and extubation time. In addition, the application contribute to pain and agitation relief in PACU without adverse events. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical dynamic study of jaw cyst after decompression DU Yue, PENG Xiao, HAN Rui, WANG Dong, HU Jie, GAO Ting-yi, ZHANG Kai 2021, 30 (6):  658-662.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.019 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (1250KB) ( 141 )   PURPOSE: To observe the dynamic characteristics of odontogenic mandibular cyst after decompression, and analyze the treatment results. METHODS: Data of patients with odontogenic cyst of mandible confirmed in our hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 who underwent decompression were collected, and analyzed retrospectively. Cone-beam CT(CBCT) were taken before and after operation. Three-dimensional reconstruction was conducted using E3D modeling software. The contraction direction of the cyst cavity, contraction speed of the cyst cavity and its relationship with age and time were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 software package. RESULTS: The cysts of the mandibular body mostly contracted with the largest diameter as the axis. After decompression, the cystic cavity contracted in an elliptical shape. The contraction rate of cystic cavity from small to large was as followed: odontogenic keratocysts, apical cyst, and dentigerous cyst. The contraction speed was negatively correlated with time and age, and the contraction speed slowed down significantly after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of fenestration decompression in the treatment of mandibular odontogenic cysts is related to time, age and pathological type. It is recommended to deal with in a timely manner according to the characteristics of the cyst changes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation analysis between anxiety level of patients before dental implantation and STAI scale in 138 consecutive patients CHANG Zhong-fu, JIANG Dan-dan, ZHANG Shi-kun, CAI Jian-ying, ZHANG Zhi-rong, ZHANG Li-hua 2021, 30 (6):  663-666.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.020 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (550KB) ( 196 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between preoperative anxiety and state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) in patients undergoing dental implant surgery. METHODS: From February 2018 to May 2021, 138 patients undergoing implant restoration in People's Hospital of Shanghai Pudong District were selected as the study subjects. Modified version of Croa's modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS), dental fear scale(DFS) and STAI questionnaire were used as the research tools. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on selected patients to analyze the prevalence and influencial factors of anxiety in patients with dental implantation. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: The selected patients had an MDAS score of more than 12, accounting for 59.42% (82/138). Among them, gender, income, oral health self-assessment, whether it was the first visit, and previous implantation experience were significant influencial factors(P<0.05); the patients' MDAS score and DFS score were positively correlated with S-AI scale(P<0.05), but not correlated with T-AI. CONCLUSIONS: Patients before dental implantation are susceptible to anxiety. There are many factors influencing the level of anxiety, and they are positively correlated with S-AI. Dentists should pay attention to the anxiety state of patients before dental implantation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experience of facial nerve management and postoperative radiotherapy in general recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland: report of 10 consecutive cases XU Wan-lin, ZHU Yun, LU Hao, DING Ji-ping, YAO Yuan, LIU Sheng-wen, ZHANG Chen-ping, YANG Wen-jun 2021, 30 (6):  667-672.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2021.06.021 Abstract ( 383 )   PDF (2166KB) ( 103 )   PURPOSE: To preliminarily summarize the experience of facial nerve management and postoperative radiotherapy in general recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland. METHODS: The clinical features of general recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland were reviewed and analyzed, with emphasis on facial nerve management and postoperative radiotherapy. RESULTS: A total of 10 cases (6 males and 4 females) of general recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland were collected. The age ranged from 23-51 years (mean: 38, median: 37). All patients suffered from multiple-recurred lesions. The initial management of 6 patients were removal of the tumor nodule under local anesthesia. Total parotidectomy plus facial nerve management based on specific situation (complete preservation in 5 cases, side-to-side anastomosis in 2 cases, great auricular nerve abridgement in 2 cases and masseter nerve transposition in 1 case) were performed. All the ten cases received adjuvant radiotherapy (dose: 55-62 Gy/25-30 Fx), and no tumor recurrence happened to date. CONCLUSIONS: The general recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland may relapse repeatedly and invade widely. Surgery should be performed to remove the tumor thoroughly and protect the facial nerve as much as possible, and adjuvant radiotherapy may be beneficial to improve local control rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics