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25 October 2018, Volume 27 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of TNF-α on the ability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth to promote osteoclastogenesis WANG Yu-chen, WANG Chen, LIU Na, CAI Chuan, LI Wei, XU Lu-lu 2018, 27 (5):  449-454.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.001 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (4846KB) ( 230 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the ability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) to promote osteoclastogenesis. METHODS: SHED were obtained from deciduous teeth and isolated, purified, cultured in vitro. An indirect co-culture system of SHED and osteoclast precursor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was established. The expression of osteoclastic gene from PBMCs and NF-κB from SHED were determined after treatment with TNF-α (0, 5, 10, 50, 100 ng/mL) by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Under the stimulation of 10ng/mL TNF-α, the expression of CTSK and TRAP was markedly upregulated in PBMCs. Meanwhile, the results of Western blot and real-time RT-PCR showed that the expression of cytoplasmic phosphorylated inhibitor of NF-κB α (p-IκBα) and nuclear p65 in SHED were significantly higher than that without TNF-α stimulation after 10 ng/mL TNF-α treatment. CONCLUSIONS: TNF-α regulates the ability of SHED to promote osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB signal pathways. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimal design by customized plate on reconstruction of maxillary unilateral defect via free fibula flap CHEN Cheng, ZHANG Lin-mei, REN Wen-hao, GAO Lin, LI Shao-ming, CHENG Zheng, ZHI Ke-qian 2018, 27 (5):  455-460.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.002 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (4402KB) ( 225 )   PURPOSE: To optimize reconstruction of maxillary unilateral defect by free fibula flap rapidly through 3D printing technique. METHODS: 3D models of reconstruction of unilateral maxillary defect by free fibula flap was established via CAD/CAM, metal customized plates and resin osteotomy guides were designed and manufactured via 3D printing technique, simulating operation was performed on models in vitro, and reconstructive accuracy after surgical simulation was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: Digital models involving reconstructive bone and affiliated devices (plates and guides) were established and fabricated rapidly. There was no significant difference between simulating point on computer and surgical simulating point in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The optimized design and customized plate can increase the accuracy of reconstruction of maxillary defects with free fibula in vitro, which is helpful for accurate surgical reconstruction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on periodontal responses on the compression side during early tooth movement into alveolar defect regenerated by a tissue engineering bone LI Yi-han, ZHANG Fei-fei, BAO Shi-jie, WEI Bin, GONG Yao 2018, 27 (5):  461-466.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.003 Abstract ( 248 )   PDF (4943KB) ( 220 )   PURPOSE: To explore periodontal responses on the compression side during early tooth movement into alveolar defect regenerated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and porous granulated beta-tricalcium phosphate（β-TCP） scaffolds. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were used to establish bilateral mandibular defective alveolar bone model by extracting the mandibular first molars and expanding the sockets. The right mandibular alveolar defects were filled with a construct of β-TCP scaffolds combined with BMSCs as experimental group. The left alveolar defects were repaired by β-TCP scaffolds alone as control group. Eight weeks later, 6 rabbits were sacrificed to evaluate osteogenesis effect. The other rabbits were loaded orthodontic force to move the bilateral second molars forward for 4 weeks. Six rabbits in each group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 week after orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The distance of OTM was measured, and the status of periodontal tissues was observed by H-E staining. The number of osteoclasts on the compression side of tooth was counted by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase histochemistry. The results were compared between groups using SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of bone grafting, the osteogenesis effect of the experimental group was better than the control group. The OTM distance in the experimental area was higher than that in the control area. At 2, 3 and 4 week of OTM, the number of osteoclasts in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A tissue-engineered complex with β-TCP scaffolds and BMSCs could well repair the alveolar bone defect. When the adjacent tooth moved into regenerated area, the new periodontal tissue had an active response, promoting to accelerate tooth movement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of root canal wall moisture and filling techniques on the sealability of iRoot sp CHEN Min-min, KOU Peng, XIE Xiao-li, WANG Xiang-zhu, HOU Dong-lan 2018, 27 (5):  467-471.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.004 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (3600KB) ( 284 )   PURPOSE: To study the effect of root canal wall moisture and filling techniques on the sealability of iRoot sp. METHODS: Sixty-two undamaged extracted human single-rooted teeth with fully developed apex were selected and prepared by crown-down technique. Two teeth were selected randomly to observe dentin tubules, opening, the residual teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups: group A (wet), group B (slightly moist),group C(dry).The roots were further divided into 4 subgroups, group a: iRoot sp sealer without a core material (bulk-fill); group b: iRoot sp sealer with single cone obturation techniques; group c: iRoot sp sealer with heated gutta-purcha vertical pressure; group d: iRoot sp sealer with cold gutta-percha lateral compression technique. Glucose microleakage were measured in each group by glucose oxidase method. The differences in distribution of each group were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: Group A and group B always showed the maximum and minimum amount of glucose penetration in the whole experimental process, and the difference was statistically significant at 28d (P<0.05). Under the same degree of moisture of root canal wall, glucose leakage of subgroup Aa was significantly higher than that of subgroup Ab and Ac at 15 d; and significantly higher than Ab, Ac, Ad at 21 d and 28 d(P<0.05). In group B and C, the subgroups a, b, c, d had no significant difference from each other during the experimental process(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: iRoot sp sealer has the best sealing effect when root canals were slightly moist. When the root canal wall is completely dry or slightly moist, the sealability of iRoot sp bulk-fill is similar to that of iRoot sp sealer with gutta-percha filling technique. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study of a new animal model with trigeminal neuralgia produced by administration of talc to peripheral infraobital nerve in rats WANG Shuang-yi, WANG Yong-liang, LIU Feng-zhi, Zhang Li, LI Ya-fa 2018, 27 (5):  472-476.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.005 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (3894KB) ( 225 )   PURPOSE: To establish a new animal model of trigeminal neuralgia（TN） produced by administration of talc to peripheral infraobital nerve in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Talcum powder (30%,0.3 mL) was injected into the peripheral infraorbital foramen in one group, the same dose of normal saline was injected by the same method in another group. On 3 day before surgery and 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively, mechanical pain behavior was determined. Statistical analysis of the threshold of pain response was performed and the behavior of pain was observed in the area of infraorbital nerve innervation in rats. Histopathological changes of the peripheral infraorbital nerve tissue in the rats were observed 3 days, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks postoperatively. The expression of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin -1β (IL-1β) in the territory of the infraorbital nerve was detected by immunohistochemistry. SPSS16.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The mechanical pain threshold of rats in the infraorbital innervation area 3 days postoperatively in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that in the preoperative group and the control group (P<0.01). The rats in the experimental group 3 days postoperatively experienced symptoms of irritability, scratching the face or aggressive behavior. Twelve weeks after operation, the mechanical pain threshold was still significantly decreased. Histopathological examination in the experimental group 3 days postoperatively mainly showed inflammation with a few inflammatory factors（IL-1β and TNF-α）expression. Inflammation in the experimental group 1week postoperatively was more intense and more inflammatory factors were expressed. Four weeks postoperatively, there was more proliferation of granulation tissue in the area of peripheral infraorbital nerve tissue and expression of inflammatory factors was highest. Four to twelve weeks, the inflammatory response in the experimental group was gradually reduced, increased scar and infraorbital nerve compressing by scar were observed, and the expression of inflammatory factors decreased gradually. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of talc to the peripheral infraorbital foramen can establish a reliable and stable animal model for research of etiology and treatment of TN. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of osseointegration of domestic porous tantalum-niobium alloy LIU Qiang, ZHANG Yi-neng, LI Hui-jun, LIU Jue, RUAN Jian-ming, ZHOU Xiong-wen 2018, 27 (5):  477-481.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.006 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (3869KB) ( 187 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the osseointegration of domestic porous tantalum-niobium(PTa-Nb) alloy. METHODS: A total of 36 adult New Zealand rabbits were selected and divided into 3 groups. Pta-Nb rods(3.5 mm×10 mm) were implanted into the femoral condyle of each rabbit.The rabbits were sacrificed successively at 4,8,12 weeks after operation. X-ray, hard tissue slices stained with toluidine blue, scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray energy disperse spectroscopy(XEDS) and push-out test were used to test the osseointegration of PTa-Nb. SPSS19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: X-ray films showed no obvious inflammation,as well as implants loosing and bone resorption. Density of the bone around implants increased. Hard tissue slices displayed chimeric shape in the implant-bone interface. New bone contacted directly to the surface of PTa-Nb and got more and more closer with the increase of healing time. Osteoid formed in the inner pores at 4 weeks after operation,and more mature bone tissue grew into inner part of PTa-Nb at 12 weeks. SEM showed bone tissue was more denser and closer to the Pta-Nb,which was similar to the results of hard tissue slices. XEDS analysis showed the percent content of the calcium and phosphate of the tissue within PTa-Nb increased gradually in the three groups.The ratio of Ca/P at 8 and 12 weeks was significantly higher than at 4 weeks (P<0.05); Push-out test showed the shear-strength of PTa-Nb implants increased from (8.26±0.75) MPa at 4 weeks to (21.04±1.46) MPa at 12 weeks (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The domestic PTa-Nb alloy has good osseointegration with both bone tissue ongrowth and ingrowth,which may be a high potential biomimetic bone material. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Logistic regression analysis of risk factors of temporomandibular disorder in undergraduates of Xinjiang Medical University JIA Meng-ying, HU Lu-lu, XU Ying-jie, GU Wen-yan, ZENG Xue-ming, SONG Zhi-qiang, GONG Zhong-cheng 2018, 27 (5):  482-485.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.007 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (2919KB) ( 292 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in undergraduates of Xinjiang Medical University and analyse its possible risk factors. METHODS: A sample of 700 medical students included 244 males and 456 females was selected from Xinjiang Medical University and underwent examination of temporomandibular joint, questionnaire survey. Their average age was 20.08±1.457 years. Prevalence of TMD was analyzed, and the possible risk factors associated with the disease were identified by logistic regression analysis with SPSS17.0 software package. RESULTS: The prevalence of TMD was 42.40% in this population. There was no difference between different ethnics. Chewing-side preference, bruxism,orthodontic treatment,tooth extraction,psychological factors,anterior overjet, posterior scissors-bite were the main risk factors which increased the occurrence of TMD. CONCLUSIONS: Poor oral habits, psychological factors and malocclusion were related to the development of TMD. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of psychological distress and quality of life in patients with oral cancer WANG Shu-bin, QIN Shuai-hua, LI Xin-ming, LI Wen-lu, LU Tai-qing 2018, 27 (5):  486-490.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.008 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (3804KB) ( 256 )   PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between the status quo and influencial factors of oral cancer patients and their quality of life. METHODS: Using the Distress Themometer (DT) and the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL), 250 patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2016 to September 2017 with oral cancer were investigated. Chi-square test, t test, logistic regression analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used to analyze the data with SPSS20.0 software package. RESULTS: A total of 250 questionnaires were issued, 239 valid questionnaires were available for analysis. In 239 oral cancer patients, 139 (58.2%) had DT score ≥4. The average total score of UWQOL scale was 53.3±17.1, score <4 was noted in 100 patients (41.8%); the average UWQOL scale was 52.8±17.4. Univariate analysis showed that psychological distress was related to age, educational level, income level, pathological stage, jaw resection and recurrence (χ2 values were 5.12,21.31,34.2,10.69,31.3 and 7.84, respectively, P<0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, jaw resection and relapse were the risk factors of psychological distress in patients with oral cancer (OR=4.06, 5.12 and 5.79, respectively; P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the scores of pain, recreation, emotion and anxiety in UWQOL scale were negatively correlated with psychological distress scores (r=-0.58, -0.84, -0.66 and -0.69, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Oral cancer patients have a higher incidence of psychological distress. Younger patients,and those with maxillectomy and recurrence have more serious symptoms of distress. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of related factors affecting treatment results in 126 patients with oral and maxillofacial space infection PU Jin-xia, LI Chen-xi, HE Duo-min, LIN Zhao-quan, GONG Zhong-cheng 2018, 27 (5):  491-494.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.009 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (2954KB) ( 229 )   PURPOSE: This study was aimed to retrospectively investigate the related factors of oral and maxillofacial space infection in 126 patients. METHODS: The clinical data of 126 patients with oral and maxillofacial space infection were collected from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University during the period of 2015 to 2017. The clinical features (e.g. body mass index, the number of days from onset to hospital admission, and the number of inflammatory spaces, and etc.) as well as laboratory examination variables (e.g. leucocytic count, the number of neutrophilic granulocyte, interleukin-6, C reactive protein, calcitonin, blood glucose, blood lipids, albumin, and etc.). Pearson correlation method were used to analyze the correlated factors and multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors with SPSS20.0 software package. RESULTS: Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation in the hospitalization days with the ages, white blood cells, neutrophilic granulocyte, neutrophil ratio, C reactive protein, body mass index, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, the number of inflammatory spaces. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that there were 4 independent variables (P<0.05), which were the number of inflammatory spaces, the number of days from onset to hospital admission, triglyceride and neutrophilic granulocyte. CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive correlation between the hospitalization days with the number of inflammatory spaces, triglyceride, inflammatory cells and cytokines in patients with oral and maxillofacial space infection. In addition, the related factors affecting the treatment results of oral and maxillofacial space infection include the number of inflammatory spaces, the number of days from onset to hospital admission, triglycerides and neutrophils. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of sociocultural factors on the selection of orthognathic surgery in patients with dental and maxillofacial deformities MI Huan, KOU Hui, CHEN Yao-di, CHEN Hong, WANG Tao 2018, 27 (5):  495-500.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.010 Abstract ( 201 )   PDF (4297KB) ( 332 )   PURPOSE: To investigate social and cultural influence on preference of orthognathic surgery in patients with maxillofacial deformities through establishment of models, in order to provide motivational supports, improve treatment coordination and patients' satisfaction. METHODS: The orthognathic group included 137 patients with maxillofacial malformations, while the control group included 245 students from one university in Guizhou province. Acceptance of cosmetic surgery scale(ACSS), Orthognathic quality of life questionnaire(OQLQ) and sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-3(SATAQ-3) were used in two groups. SPSS 24.0 software package was used to analyze the data with hierarchical regression function. RESULTS: The results showed that there was a strong correlation between the studied variables (R2=0.26). Sociocultural factors could be used to predict patients' preference to orthognathic surgery. Patients in the orthognathic group could be predicted based on upward physical appearance comparison (t=2.28, P<0.024), while subjects in the control group could be predicted based on upward physical appearance comparison (t=2.47, P<0.014) and the appearance media pressure (t=2.30, P<0.022). Orthognathic related social pressure significantly explained the considerations of plastic surgery in patients with dento-maxillofacial deformities (P<0.000); However, this factor had no significant explanation for the controls (P<0.779). CONCLUSIONS: Social and cultural factors are proven to contribute to the selection of orthognathic surgery for patients with dental and/or maxillofacial malformations, and may affect patients' expectation on the final results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a core curriculum of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia nursing based on clinical practice guidelines LIU Min, HUANG Yao, YANG Yue-lai, RUAN Hong 2018, 27 (5):  501-503.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.011 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (2262KB) ( 284 )   PURPOSE: To construct a core training curriculum of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia nursing. METHODS: The content of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia curriculum was developed by brainstorming method and expert consultation method based on literature review and clinical practice guideline. Statistical analysis was implemented using mean and coefficient of variation with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: We successfully established the content of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia curriculum, including 5 primary dimensions and 12 secondary items. In addition, content validity was built by expert evaluation method. CONCLUSIONS: The core curriculum of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia nursing based on scientific method provided reference for the nursing intervention study in future and may promote the development of perioperative nurse specialist. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Family physicians' knowledge regarding oral disease treatment during pregnancy in Jiading district, Shanghai city RAN Xing, YU Ming 2018, 27 (5):  504-507.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.012 Abstract ( 213 )   PDF (3124KB) ( 191 )   PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge of family physicians regarding oral disease treatment during pregnancy in Jiading district, Shanghai city. METHODS: A questionnaire was designed, involving the knowledge of oral health care and oral disease treatment during pregnancy. Data retrieved was entered into Excel database and analyzed using SPSS20.0 software package. RESULTS: 203 family physicians were involved in the investigation. 192 valid questionnaires were obtained in the study. 70.3% of respondents knew the safety period of oral treatment during pregnancy; 90.1% were aware of that oral diseases could lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes; 90.6% informed the clients that oral examination and treatment should be performed before pregnancy. 93.8% of the respondents supported that pregnant women need timely oral treatment. The proportions of the respondents who believed that pregnant women could receive dental caries filling and crown repair, supragingival scaling, root canal therapy, tooth extraction and subgingival scaling were 91.9%, 60.4%, 51.0%, 31.8%, and 40.1%, respectively. The proportions of the respondents holding out that pregnant women could receive local oral anesthesia and dental X-ray examination were 55.2% and 31.8%. Doctors' age, education, and technical title were the most important factors affecting their understanding (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that family doctors in Jiading district are highly aware of oral health care knowledge during pregnancy. However, there are great differences in understanding of issues related to treatment of oral diseases during pregnancy. The majority of doctors believing that pregnant women can use local anesthetic drugs with routine dental X-ray examinations have higher academic qualifications and technical titles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of platelet rich fibrin combining with Bio-oss to treat furcation involvement SHEN Min-hua, HUANG Yuan-liang, LI Zhen, ZHANG Ying-di, HE Yan-ping, WANG Lei 2018, 27 (5):  508-512.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.013 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (3373KB) ( 306 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) combining with Bio-oss in treating Class II furcation involvement. METHODS: Thirty patients who had Class Ⅱ furcation involvement in the mandibular first molar were included. They were all free of systemic disease. After initial periodontal therapy, they were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the experimental group, PRF combining with Bio-oss were placed in the areas with furcation defect and covered with PRF. In the control group, only flap surgery was performed. All patients were followed up for 6 months after operation. The efficacy was evaluated with clinical parameters and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The data were analyzed with SPSS 2.0 software package. RESULTS: Periodontal indexes including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), horizontal probing depth (HPD) significantly decreased in both groups after operation (P<0.05); alveolar bone significantly increased in the experimental group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical effect of PRF combined with Bio-oss on Class II furcation involvement are remarkable. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and susceptibility of recurrent aphthous ulcer ZHANG Jing, LINGHU Rui-qi, SHA Jing-jing, HU Xin-pei, LI Dan, LI Meng-yuan 2018, 27 (5):  513-517.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.014 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (3637KB) ( 246 )   PURPOSE: To explore the possible relationship between recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. METHODS: A total of 124 RAU patients were recruited for this study. The control group consisted of 133 healthy subjects. Serum NFκBp50, NFκBp65, IκBα and IKK concentration were detected by ELISA.NFκB-94 ins/del ATTG sites were detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). Relative risk ratios were estimated by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: Serum NFκBp50, NFκBp65 and IKK levels in RAU patients were significantly lower than those of the controls (P<0.05). Serum IκBα level in RAU patients was significantly higher than those of the controls (P<0.05). Significant differences were found in the genotype frequencies or allele frequencies of NFκB-94 ins/del ATTG sites between RAU patients and controls (P<0.05). ID genotype（OR=3.073,95%CI=1.557-6.067）, DD genotype (OR=4.851,95%CI=2.264-10.393), and D allele （OR=2.079,95%CI=1.462-2.957） at NFκB-94 ins/del ATTG site exhibited high risks of RAU. CONCLUSIONS: NF kappa B signaling pathway is associated with RAU.NFκB-94 ins/del ATTG sites are associated with higher risk of RAU. NFκB-94 ins/del ATTG D allele may serve as genetic determinants for RAU. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study of Vitallium removable partial denture with dual major connector in Kennedy Ⅰ and Ⅱ dentition defect SUN Bin, WANG Yi-qing, XU Yue, SHI Ping, ZHOU Qin 2018, 27 (5):  518-521.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.015 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (3086KB) ( 261 )   PURPOSE: To study the clinical effect of Vitallium removable partial denture (RPD) with dual major connector (DMC) in rehabilitation of Kennedy Ⅰ and Ⅱ dentition defect. METHODS: A total of 30 patients with Kennedy Ⅰ and Ⅱ dentition defect fitting to the inclusion criteria were selected and restored with Vitallium RPD with DMC. Patients were re-called at the 6th and 12th month for clinical follow-up examination of gingival index (GI), abutment teeth mobility (TM), X-ray imaging, probing depth (PD) and satisfaction surveys. Then the differences of each index were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: GI, TM and X-ray features of free-end abutment teeth in 30 clinical cases had no obvious changes either at the early 6-month or at the later 12-month, and PD had no significant difference, either (F=0.0046, P=0.9954). Satisfaction surveys showed high satisfaction, especially in the respects of aesthetics (93.33%) and comfort (86.67%). CONCLUSIONS: From this study, it is concluded that Vitallium RPD with DMC have certain protective effect on the free-end abutment teeth, especially with the poor periodontal condition. It also shows high rate of patients' satisfaction. Therefore, it can be used as one of the common designs of RPD in cases of free-end dentition defect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of teeth defect and repair status of elderly people in Jiading district, Shanghai ZHANG Shu-yu, DONG Hua 2018, 27 (5):  522-525.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.016 Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (2781KB) ( 226 )   PURPOSE: To investigate teeth defect, loss, repair needs of the elderly people in Jiading district, Shanghai, provide basis for government's policy of oral health care. METHODS: Three thousand two hundred, sixty65-74years old people were selected by cluster sampling in Jiading, Anting, Nanxiang, Jiading district, Shanghai. They were investigated for oral heath situation.824people with teeth defect, loss were randomly chosen to investigate the needs of repair, knowledge of oral health. EpiData software was used for descriptive analysis. RESULTS: Among the selected people, 80.4% had teeth defect, 4.8% had teeth loss. The repair rate of teeth defect, loss was60.8%, 91%, respectively.28% were fixed denture, 39.5% were removable denture, 24.4% were fixed, removable denture, 8.2% were full denture. There was no gender difference in teeth loss, repair. The main reason for not being repaired was high cost, accounting for32%, followed by difficult for hospital registration, fear of tooth extraction pain, complications, mobility difficulties. As for restoration demand, 29.7% demand dental implants, 64.8% demand porcelain teeth, 43.2% demand hospital visits, 51% demand private clinics, 25.5% demand self-payment, 42.2% demand partially reduced price;32.3% hoped restoration free of charge;18.2% of them had a score of more than3points.15.5% were between0-3scores, 66.3% were below0score. CONCLUSIONS: The situation of teeth deficiency, repair of the elderly in Jiading district of Shanghai is facing serious challenges. The elderly people are lack of knowledge about teeth restoration. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to increase popular science education of oral health care, invest money to improve the situation of dental restoration, improve oral health level of the elderly References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Kangfuxin liquid combined with Garlicin Capsules in treatment of children with recurrent oral ulcer and on immune regulation MA Peng-tao, WU Ning-ning, PEI Rong 2018, 27 (5):  526-529.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.017 Abstract ( 517 )   PDF (3067KB) ( 353 )   PURPOSE: To study the effect of Kangfuxin liquid combined with Garlicin Capsules in treatment of children with recurrent oral ulcer (ROU) and on immunological regulation. METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical study prospectively enrolled 204 patients with ROU who were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients in group A received Garlicin Capsules 1/time, 3 times/d, combined with Kangfuxin liquid 10 mL to gargle 3 times/d; patients in group B only received Kangfuxin liquid 10 mL gargle 5 min, 3/d. The treatment lasted for 2 weeks. The curative effect was compared before and after treatment, including ulcer surface pain (VAS score), time of ulcer healing, and the changes of T cell subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+) before and after treatment were compared by SPSS 22 software package. RESULTS: Ulcer healing time (3.5±0.6) d, duration of pain (3.1±0.3)d in group A were shorter than in group B (P<0.05); treatment efficiency was 96.08% in group A, 88.24% in group B( χ2=6.264, P<0.05). The pain scores of both groups were significantly reduced after treatment, and the difference was significant between group A and group B [(1.1±0.4) vs (3.2± 0.6)(P<0.05). The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in group A were significantly higher than those in group A after treatment (P<0.05), the levels of CD8+ was significant lower than in group B (P<0.05). CONSLUSIONS: Kangfuxin liquid combined with Garlicin Capsules can improve the therapeutic effect of ROU and repair of local damaged mucosa in children, increasing the immune function of children. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of SPR periodontal basic therapy on cervical crevicular fluid C-reactive protein in patients with chronic periodontitis ZHONG Zhao-qi, FU Hua 2018, 27 (5):  530-534.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.018 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (3940KB) ( 174 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of SPR periodontal basic treatment on periodontal inflammation control and inflammation index C-reactive protein in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Eighty patients with chronic periodontitis in the pre-clinical trial population were included in this study for subgroup analysis. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the changes of periodontal index (including average probing depth, clinical adhesion level, and sulcus bleeding index) and gingival crevicular fluid C-reactive protein (CRP) between the SPR treatment group and the control group before treatment and 1 month and 3 months after treatment. Then difference between the two groups was analyzed with SPSS software package. RESULTS: After treatment with different basic treatments, the periodontal indexes SBI, PD, and CAL were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment, and there was significant difference in gingival crevicular fluid CRP, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. The periodontal index of SBI, PD, and CAL in the control group was gradually increased after 3 months and was not significantly different from that before treatment. The improvement of clinical indicators in the experimental group was more obvious and there was significant difference. CRP in the gingival crevicular fluid of the experimental group and the control group were decreased after a period of periodontal treatment, and there was significant difference before and after treatment. There was also a significant difference in CRP between the experimental group and the control group 3 months after treatment (P<0.01). However, CRP in the gingival crevicular fluid gradually increased in the control group after 3 months, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Complete SPR periodontal therapy can control chronic periodontitis effectively, reduce CPR of gingival crevicular fluid, and reduce the systemic inflammatory status of patients. This may have a positive impact on the control of risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical efficacy of Nd:YAG laser combined with Vitapex paste in the treatment of periapical cysts around single root LIU Jian, DUAN Yi-feng 2018, 27 (5):  535-537.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.019 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (2377KB) ( 280 )   PURPOSE: To explore the clinical efficacy of Nd:YAG laser combined with Vitapex paste in the treatment of periapical cysts around single root. METHODS: Thirty-four teeth with periapical cysts in 34 patients were treated from August 2014 to August 2016 in Taizhou People's Hospital using Nd: YAG laser, Vitapex paste was injected into the small periapical cysts, followed by conventional root canal filling. The clinical efficacy was observed every 3 months after surgery, the follow period was from 10 months to 2 years. RESULTS: Thirty four patients with 34 teeth were treated, and 32 teeth were followed up, 29 were cured, the failure rate was 6.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Nd:YAG laser combined with Vitapex paste is satisfactory in the treatment of periapical cysts around single root, which is worthy of wide clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics of oral and maxillofacial space infection in patients with different ages GUO Zhi-chen, HU Min, GONG Zhong-chen, WANG Yue-sen 2018, 27 (5):  538-541.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.020 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (2654KB) ( 194 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the general information,clinical symptoms, etiology of infection, and complications of oral and maxillofacial space infection in patients with different ages, in order to provide references for prevention of complications. METHODS: Three hundred and forty-eight patients with oral and maxillofacial space infection treated in the Oncology Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were retrospectively analyzed from March 2007 to Feburary 2017. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: All patients were divided into 2 groups. 152(43.68%) patients were senior and 196(56.32% ) patients were younger. In the two groups, male patients accounted for 59.69% in the younger group, 59.87% in the senior group. There was no significant difference. We also have found that label test and interval times of symptoms appeared to visit. There was no significant difference. 51.53% of the younger patients had negative bacterial culture results, which was significantly more than those of the senior groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with oral and maxillofacial space infection, senior patients had many similar clinical characteristics to younger patients, but senior patients suffered from more and severe complications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dental Education

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Application of Flipped classroom combined with case-based learning in resident training of endodontics SUN Hai-yan, QIU Li-hong, ZHAN Fu-liang, XUE Ming 2018, 27 (5):  542-545.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.021 Abstract ( 220 )   PDF (2665KB) ( 284 )   PURPOSE: To apply Flipped classroom combined with case-based learning(CBL) in resident training of endodontics, in order to improve training efficiency. METHODS: Fifty-one residents from China Medical University, School of Stomatology were randomly divided into 2 groups, twenty-six students in the experimental group were trained with Flipped classroom combined with CBL, the other twenty-five students in the control group were trained with traditional teaching method. At the end of the course, exams and questionnaires were conducted to evaluate the training quality of two different methods. The exams consisted of didactic and operational assessment. The data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: The results of didactic exam and comprehensive evaluation indicated that experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). The results of questionnaires indicated that residents showed much more satisfied with Flipped classroom combined with CBL (P<0.05).However, there was no significant difference in operational assessment(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with traditional teaching method, Flipped classroom combined with CBL can achieve better training effect, which is worthy of further application in dental resident training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Systemic Review

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Platelet-rich plasma combined with demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts for periodontal regeneration in the treatment of periodontal defects: a meta-analysis HU Ting, YE Guo, FAN Xiao-ping, DENG Xue-yang, LI Wen-hua, XIANG Xue-rong 2018, 27 (5):  546-553.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.022 Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (5374KB) ( 945 )   PURPOSE: The aim of this meta analysis was to assess the influence of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)combined with demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts(DFDBA) on regeneration of periodontal periodontal defects by means of evaluating clinical and radiographic outcomes in prospective human clinical trials. METHODS: The following databases such as PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang data and VIP data were searched on computer from inception to December, 2016. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently extracted the data,assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. RevMan 5.2 was applied for meta analysis. RESULTS: Six papers were obtained reviewed which included 205 periodontal bone defect sites. Six articles showed that there was no significant difference in probing depth decrease between PRP combined with DFDBA and PRP or DFBDA group[MD=0.35, 95%CI（-0.09,0.79), P=0.12], but there was significant difference in clinical attachment loss increase between the two groups[MD= 0.68,95%CI（0.41,0.94）,P<0.00001]. Three articles were included for evaluating bone filling, there was significant difference in the distance from the cemento-enamel junction(CEJ) to the vertical bone defect(BD)(CEJ-BD)[MD=0.71,95%CI（0.46,0.95）,P<0.00001]between the two groups; there was also significant difference in the distance from the alveolar crest to the vertical bone defect(AC-BD)[MD=0.64,95%CI（0.41,0.87),P<0.00001]between the two groups. but there was no significant difference in the distance from the cemento-enamel junction(CEJ)to the alveolar crest (AC)(CEJ-AC)[MD=0.03,95%CI（-0.10,0.16）,P=0.68between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this meta analysis, PRP combined with DFDBA is superior to PRP or DFDBA alone in clinical attachment loss and bone filling ,but there was no significant difference in probing depth. However, given the limited sample size and quantity of included studies, the above findings still need to be further proved by conducting more high-quality and large-scale RCTs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between IL-10-1082G/A gene polymorphism and susceptibility of recurrent oral ulcer: meta analysis DU Quan-gao, XU Ya-mei, WU Ting-ting, FU Gang 2018, 27 (5):  554-560.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2018.05.023 Abstract ( 205 )   PDF (5054KB) ( 237 )   PURPOSE: To systematically review the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) -1082G/A gene polymorphism and susceptibility of recurrent oral ulcer (ROU) by meta analysis. METHODS: Databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, WanFang, and VIP were electronically searched to collect studies published up to August 2017 about the association between IL-10-1082G/A gene polymorphism and ROU susceptibility. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data, the methodological quality assessment and heterogeneity test of included studies were performed. Meta analysis was performed with RevMan5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 6 case-control studies were included, which involved 668 ROU patients in case group and 769 healthy individuals in control group. In the general population, the results of meta analysis showed that, under 3 genetic models including allele model (G vs A), recessive model (GG+GA vs AA) and heterozygous model (GA vs AA), there was significant association between IL-10-1082G/A gene polymorphism and ROU susceptibility (G vs A: OR=1.31, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.66, P=0.03; GG+GA vs AA: OR=1.45, 95%CI 1.16 to 1.82, P=0.001; GA vs AA: OR= 1.33, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.70, P=0.02). In the Asian population, meta analysis result was consistent with the general population. CONCLUSIONS: IL-10-1082G/A gene polymorphism is associated with ROU susceptibility. Individuals with G allele and GA genotype have a higher risk of ROU. Future more well-designed, large sample and multicenter studies are greatly needed to verify our conclusion. References | Related Articles | Metrics