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25 October 2024, Volume 33 Issue 5 Previous Issue   

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Application and evaluation of n-HA/ chitosan/minocycline composite scaffold in the model of peri-implant inflammatory bone defect NIU Wan-qiong, WANG Zhen-hua, ZHOU Zhi-wei 2024, 33 (5):  449-454.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.001 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (1648KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of n-HA/chitosan/minocycline composite scaffold in the animal model of peri-implant inflammatory bone defect. METHODS: Twelve healthy adult male beagle dogs were selected to construct the model of peri-implant inflammatory bone defect. The control group(n=6) underwent bone regeneration by alveolar self-healing without any treatment in the bone defect area. In the experimental group(n=6), n-HA/chitosan/minocycline composite scaffold prepared was implanted into the bone defect site. Periodontitis, bone defect, pathological parameters, bone mineral density(BMD) and new bone formation rate were recorded in two groups of animal models. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the horizontal width and vertical depth of bone defect between the control group and the experimental group before treatment (P>0.05). At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment, the horizontal width and vertical depth of the experimental group were significantly lower than those before treatment and the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in probing depth(PD), sulcus bleeding index(SBI) and plaque index(PLI) between the control group and the experimental group before treatment(P>0.05). PD, SBI and PLI in the experimental group were significantly higher than those before treatment and in the control group at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment(P<0.05). BMD value, new bone height and new bone formation rate of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: n-HA/chitosan/minocycline composite scaffold shows a good effect in the model of peri-implant inflammatory bone defect, which can promote bone osteointegration and bone regeneration in the peri-implant bone defect area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study of iRoot SP and AH Plus on root canal sealing ability in periodontally compromised teeth LU Min, LIU Shuang, WANG Ya-nan, SONG Ai-mei 2024, 33 (5):  455-460.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.002 Abstract ( 2 )   PDF (1119KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: This study was aimed to compare the difference between iRoot SP and AH Plus on root canal sealing ability for teeth extracted due to severe periodontitis and explore whether the dentin tubule pathway plays an important role in the development of endodontic-periodontic lesions(EPL), in order to provide a theoretical basis for selection of proper time for root canal therapy and suitable root canal sealants in patients with EPL. METHODS: Fifty single-root anterior teeth extracted due to severe periodontitis were selected. The roots were completely debrided to remove the calculus, dental plaque and cementum. They were divided into two groups, namely group A and group B, with 25 teeth in each group which included 21 experimental teeth and 4 negative control teeth. The root canals were filled with iRoot SP (group A) and AH Plus(group B) plus gutta-percha by cold lateral condensation technique. All roots were cut across the middle section and divided into coronal segment (group A1 and B1) of which the coronal section and apical section were sealed with self-etching adhesive and fluid resin, and then covered with melted casting wax twice. The apical segment of the experimental group was further divided into two subgroups, namely, the unsealed apical foramen group(group A2 and group B2) and sealed apical foramen group (group A3 and group B3). In group A2 and group B2, only the coronal section was sealed as mentioned above. While in group A3 and B3, both the coronal sections and apical foramen were sealed. The whole surface of the specimens in negative control group were all covered with melted casting wax twice. The samples were immersed in 1% methylene blue dye solution for 14 d, then they were longitudinally cut in half. Vernier caliper was used to measure the penetration length of the dye solution along the inner wall of each root canal. The sample sections were all photographed to process for Image Pro Plus software analysis of the penetration area of the dye solution in dentin tubule. The intra-group and inter-group differences were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and LSD method, respectively. The data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: The penetration length of group A2 was significantly longer than that of group A3 (P<0.05). The penetration length of group B2 was significantly longer than that of group B1 and B3 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the corresponding subgroups of group A and group B (P>0.05). Statistical analysis showed that the percentage of stained dentin tubule area in group A1 was significantly lower than that in group A2(P<0.05), and the area percentage in group B1 was significantly lower than that in group B2 and B3(P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the corresponding subgroups of group A and group B(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For periodontally compromised teeth, neither iRoot SP nor AH Plus paste combined with gutta-percha by cold lateral condensation technique could completely seal the root canal. There is no significant difference between iRoot SP and AH Plus paste on root canal sealing ability in teeth from periodontitis patients. Dentin tubules are not the main pathway of periodontal tissue and pulp communication. The pathway in the apical 1/2 segment of the root plays a more important role in the occurence of EPL, which suggest that root canal therapy may be taken into consideration when the clinical attachment loss reaches more than the apical 1/2 of the root. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the efficacy of 70% ethanol in removing calcium hydroxide in curved root canals HAN Yan-yan, WU Tian-tian, HE Hong 2024, 33 (5):  461-465.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.003 Abstract ( 2 )   PDF (789KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT) in removing calcium hydroxide from posterior curved root canals. METHODS: Twenty molar teeth (48 root canals) extracted at the Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between December 2023 and February 2024 were collected. After preparing by Ni-TI instruments M3 according to standard root canal treatment procedures, calcium hydroxide was injected into the root canals. One week later, the samples were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=8) based on different irrigation methods: sodium hypochlorite group, 17% EDTA group and 70% ethanol group. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups with or without sonic vibration. Micro-CT was used to reconstruct the root canal system before and after irrigation, with independent root canals marked using different colors. The root canals were categorized as upper segment, middle segment, and apical segment. The volume of calcium hydroxide in each segment was calculated, and the clearance rate of calcium hydroxide in each segment was compared. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Calcium hydroxide could not be completely removed from any of the 6 groups tested. The removal efficiency of calcium hydroxide by ethanol in the apical region was higher than that achieved by other two groups(P<0.05). In the ethanol subgroup, there was no significant difference in removal efficiency between sonic vibration and syringe techniques(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using 70% ethanol enhances the removal efficiency of calcium hydroxide in curved root canal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and clinical significance of USP20 in oral squamous cell carcinoma ZHAI Xiao-qi, LIU Bo, SHENG Cheng-yi, HOU Rui, TANG Chao-nan, GUAN Jian 2024, 33 (5):  466-470.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.004 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (954KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of ubiquitin specific protease 20 (USP20) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS: OSCC samples and paired paracancerous samples were screened from the TCGA database for differential expression analysis and paired differential analysis. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression level of USP20 in OSCC tissue, paracancerous tissues and normal tissues. The correlation between USP20 expression level and clinicopathological parameters of tissue microarray was analyzed. GraphPad Prism 9.5.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: TCGA data showed that the expression of USP20 in OSCC was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissue(P<0.001). Immunohistochemical staining score showed that the expression of USP20 in OSCC was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues and normal tissues(P<0.01). The analysis of clinicopathological indicators of tissue microarray showed that the staining scores of USP20 were significantly different in tumor differentiation (P<0.05) and primary tumor size (P<0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated no significant difference in overall survival time and 5-year survival rate between high expression group and low expression group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: USP20 is highly expressed in OSCC compared with paracancerous tissues and normal oral tissues. The expression of USP20 is associated with differentiation and the size of primary tumor in OSCC,and can accelerate its growth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the trueness and tissue surface adaptation of digital and traditional complete denture bases LIN Rui, ZHOU Man-li, MIN Min, ZHANG Xian-fang, QIAN Wen-hao 2024, 33 (5):  471-475.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.005 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (863KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To compare the trueness of the tissue surface of the complete denture base among the digital cutting complete denture, the digital 3D printing complete denture and the conventional complete denture. METHODS: Three edentulous patients were selected, and three complete dentures were made for each case. Cutting dentures (cutting group), 3D printed dentures(printing group) were considered as the experimental groups, traditional dentures (traditional group) were considered as the control group. The tissue surface of complete denture model and denture base were scanned and their 3D data were obtained. Geomagic software was used to fit the model information with the tissue surface information of the denture base. A total of 8 regions were selected in the upper and lower complete dentures, and 10 points were randomly selected in each region. The average value of the absolute deviation value(Dm) of each region was calculated. SPSS 22.0 software package was used to analyze the Dm in a total of 24 regions of the three pairs of dentures. RESULTS: The absolute mean deviation was (0.056±0.025) mm in the cutting group, (0.103±0.038) mm in the printing group, and (0.096±0.039) mm in the traditional group, which were significantly different among the three groups(P<0.05). The trueness of the ablation group was better than that of the conventional group, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The trueness of the printing group was worse than that of the traditional group, and the difference was not significant(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The trueness of cutting dentures is better than that of traditional dentures, while the trueness of 3D printed dentures is not significantly better than that of traditional dentures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of retrograde dissection of the facial nerve along the mandibular margin on postoperative quality of life in patients with benign superficial parotid tumors WANG Lei, CHEN Ying-yi, YUAN Qing, PAN Yong-hai 2024, 33 (5):  476-480.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.006 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (596KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To assess the impact of retrograde dissection of the facial nerve along the mandibular margin on the postoperative quality of life in patients with benign superficial parotid tumors. METHODS: One hundred and sixteen patients who underwent surgical treatment for benign superficial parotid tumors at Qingdao Central Hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were involved. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups, with 58 patients in each group using the touch ball method.The control group underwent antegrade dissection of the facial nerve during surgery, while the experimental group underwent retrograde dissection along the mandibular margin. Surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, incision length and hospital stay between the two groups were compared. Postoperative pain levels were recorded at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after surgery. Chewing function was assessed at 15 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. House-Brackmann scale (H-B) and scar cosmesis assessment and rating (SCAR) scale were used to evaluate facial nerve function and aesthetic outcomes at 3 days and 6 months postoperatively. The quality of life of the two groups of patients was compared before and 6 months after surgery. Complications were recorded including temporary facial paralysis, periaural numbness, salivate fistula and Frey syndrome. SPSS 28.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The operative time of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, intraoperative blood loss, incision length and postoperative pain score of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Masticatory efficiency, facial nerve function, scar aesthetics and quality of life of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, while the incidence of complications was significantly decreased than those of the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of retrograde dissection of facial nerve along the mandibular marginal branch during surgery for benign parotid gland is helpful to reduce intraoperative blood loss and postoperative pain, and improve patients' quality of life. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene polymorphism with susceptibility to diabetes periodontitis CHEN Li, ZHANG Zhong-yue, ZHANG Shu-hua, YAN Na 2024, 33 (5):  481-485.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.007 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (549KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To explore the association between tumor necrosis factor-associated apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to diabetic periodontitis. METHODS: A total of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected from September 2022 to September 2023. The patients were divided into combined group(n=50), non-combined group (n=50) and control group (n=50) according to whether they had periodontitis. Clinical medical records of all subjects were collected, TRAIL G1525A and C1595T gene polymorphisms were detected, and the influencing factors of type 2 diabetic periodontitis were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: In combined and non-combined group, the fasting blood glucose(FBG), loss of attachment(AL), gingival crevicular bleeding index (SBI) and blood calcium were significantly lower than those in the control group, and HbA1c and serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The GG gene frequency of TRAIL G1525A gene in the combined group was significantly higher than that in the non-combined group and control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in genotype distribution of TRAIL C1595T among three groups(P>0.05).HbA1c, AL, SBI, ALP and TRAIL G1525A polymorphisms were risk factors for periodontitis(P<0.05). The distribution of TRAIL G1525ALeuGGin with moderate and severe periodontitis was significantly different from that with mild periodontitis (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TRAIL G1525A gene is associated with the susceptibility of diabetic periodontitis, and GG genotype patients with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of clinical efficacy between autologous block bone graft and GBR in horizontal bone augmentation based on Mimics 3D reconstruction HE Xiu-quan, LI Yu-shan, SHUI Yu-hao, LIU Kun 2024, 33 (5):  486-491.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.008 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (1280KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To compare the clinical efficacy of autologous bone block graft and guided bone regeneration (GBR) in horizontal bone augmentation. METHODS: A total of 42 patients were included and divided into two groups. Group A included 20 patients, in whom autologous bone block graft was performed. Group B included 22 patients, in whom GBR was conducted. The incidence of complications, pain degree, secondary bone graft rate, bone width increment, bone resorption rate, marginal bone resorption and implant success rate after 1 year of restoration were recorded and evaluated. SPSS 26.0 soft ware package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in implant success rate, incidence of complications and the rate of secondary bone grafting between the two groups. The pain degree in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(P<0.05). The increment of bone width at 2 mm below the crest in group A was more than that in group B(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in increment of bone width between 6 mm and 10 mm below the crest. The absorption rate of group A was significantly lower than that of group B at 2 mm below the crest(P<0.05), while the difference was not statistically significant at 6 mm and 10 mm below the crest. There was no significant difference in marginal bone resorption between the two groups 1 year after restoration. CONCLUSIONS: For horizontal bone defects, autologous bone block graft has a better bone contour at the crest than GBR. The amount of marginal bone resorption in two groups is similar after 1 year of restoration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolites differences between plaque biofilms of children with different levels of dental caries YANG Yuan-meng, HO Teck-ek, LO Edward Chin Man, MENG Wen, CHEN Xin-yu, WANG Yue, LI Fei, LU Hai-xia 2024, 33 (5):  492-499.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.009 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (1492KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To explore the differences between plaque biofilms of children with different caries activities via metabolomics. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted to investigate the oral health-related behaviors of children in caries-free (CF), low level of early childhood caries(LECC) and high level of early childhood caries (HECC) groups and to collect supragingival plaque biofilms. Untargeted metabolomics was used to detect the compositions of plaque biofilm metabolites in three groups. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, volcano plot and heat map were used to analyze the significant differential metabolites between groups with SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: A total of 102 children aged 36 months were included in this study, including 34 children in each group. A total of 660 metabolites belonging to 11 categories were detected. There were statistical differences of 6 metabolites between LECC group and CF group, and 22 metabolites showed statistical differences between HECC group and CF group(P<0.05). Cys Cys Cys Gln, Cys Gln Cys Cys and 5-O-p-coumaroylnigrumin were the common differential metabolites between children with different levels of dental caries. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the compositions of plaque biofilms between children with different caries activities and healthy children. Peptides are important differential metabolites within plaque biofilms, also related to oral health. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study on guiding parents to promote oral health of pre-school children through self-made oral science video ZHANG Shi-yun, ZHU Jia-lin, ZHOU Yi-lei, LU Wei-fang, SU Hong-ru 2024, 33 (5):  500-505.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.010 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (750KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of self-made oral science video on guiding parents to promote oral health of pre-school children, and to explore a more effective new technology in oral hygiene education. METHODS: One hundred and four 3-6 years old children with early childhood caries from Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center were randomly recruited and divided into intervention group(n=52) and control group (n=52) during July to September 2022. At recruitment and 1 month after recruitment, the control group received routine oral health education, while the intervention group parents watched self-made oral health video and received routine oral health education. Plaque index (PLI), decayed missing filled tooth surface (dmfs) as well as oral health knowledge, attitude, practice(KAP) score of parents were compared between the two groups 1 and 6 months after recruitment.SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: At 1 and 6 months after recruitment, the KAP score of intervention group （86.445±7.156, 85.694±5.880）was significantly higher than that of the control group [82.571(77.286, 88.142),81.853±7.482]（P<0.05）. The PLI of intervention group [2.014±0.403, 1.895(1.250, 2.100)] was significantly lower than that of the control group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference of dmfs between the intervention group and control group(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As a new oral hygiene education technology, self-made oral science video is effective on improving oral health condition of pre-school children and the KAP condition of their parents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and evaluation of the regional Children's oral health network platform WANG Xiao-ling, SUN Fei, ZHOU Ying-ying 2024, 33 (5):  506-511.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.011 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (751KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To explore a more effective comprehensive prevention and treatment model for children's oral health by constructing a health network platform that integrates medical information evaluation, interaction, monitoring, and prevention with oral health management as the core. METHODS: The database of Shaoxing Children's Oral Health Management Network Platform was established. The oral health survey and information entry of 7 042 second-grade children in primary school in Yuecheng District from 2021 to 2022 were conducted. An open randomized controlled clinical trial was designed, with 3 472 of 7 042 children randomly assigned to the platform management group and 3 570 to the control group. One year later, oral examinations were conducted again on two groups of children, and the correlation between oral examination indicators between the two groups was statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software package. RESULTS: There was significant difference between the two groups in the mean number of newly added deciduous caries decayed- missing-filled teeth(dmft), deciduous caries decayed teeth (dt), deciduous caries missing teeth(mt), and deciduous caries filled teeth(ft) after one year(P<0.05). The newly added rates of caries, gingival bleeding, calculus detection, and malocclusion between the two groups were lower in the platform group than in the control group, with a significant difference(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: To the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, intelligence has become more and more indispensable and important. Building a network platform for oral health is an effective way to promote oral health level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of temporomandibular joint imaging and orthodontic effect in patients with introverted deep overbite and severe attrition LU Qian, PANG Shu-ting, ZHOU Jian-ying, LU Wen-juan, FENG Yan-fen, ZHANG Qian, WANG Jing 2024, 33 (5):  512-516.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.012 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (828KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the functional and structural characteristics of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in introverted deep overbite patients with severe wear, to analyze the correlation between the vertical distance of the lower 1/3 of the face and TMJ space, and to compare the clinical efficacy of multidisciplinary treatment with orthodontics and prosthodontics on TMJ function. METHODS: Eighty patients with deep overbite and severe abrasion and forty subjects with normal occlusion admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to June 2023 were enrolled in this study. The clinical data were collected and the functional and structural characteristics of TMJ were collected. Eighty patients with deep overbite and severe abrasion were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with restoration, and the experimental group was treated with orthodontic combined with restoration. The efficacy and CBCT imaging indexes were evaluated during the treatment. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean Helkimo index of patients with deep overbite and severe abrasion was significantly higher than that of patients with normal occlusion(P<0.05). CBCT scan showed that anterior space of TMJ in patients with deep overbite and severe abrasion significantly increased than those with normal occlusion(P<0.05), while superior and posterior space were significantly decreased than those with normal occlusion(P<0.05). Lateral cephalometric analysis showed that the vertical distance of submaxillofacial 1/3 in patients with deep overbite and severe abrasion significantly decreased than normal occlusion(P<0.05). The Helkimo index of the two groups after treatment was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the Helkimo index of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The anterior TMJ spaces of the two groups significantly decreased after treatment, and the superior and posterior TMJ spaces were significantly increased(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in TMJ space between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05). The vertical distance of submaxillofacial 1/3 in patients in both groups significantly increased after treatment(P<0.05). There were correlations between the vertical distance of lower one-third of face and the anterior, superior and posterior TMJ spaces(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical effect of dual disciplinary treatment of orthodontics and prosthodontics on TMJ function was significantly better than that of prosthodontics alone, and the effect on TMJ structure correction is similar to that of prosthodontics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety of closed traction appliance in the treatment of impacted anterior teeth and its effect on pulp blood flow and masticatory function ZHU Qi, ZHAO Wei, WU Hua-ying 2024, 33 (5):  517-522.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.013 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (870KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the safety of closed traction appliance in the treatment of impacted anterior teeth and its effect on pulp blood flow and masticatory function. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with impacted anterior teeth who received treatment from January 2017 to December 2022 were selected, and randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 40 cases in each group. The two groups of patients were treated with occlusion adjustment and orthodontic traction. Closed traction was used in the experimental group, while open traction was used in the control group. The clinical efficacy, treatment duration, chewing ability, root length, periroot bone density, dental aesthetic score, pulp blood flow at different time points and the occurrence of adverse events were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 95.00% in the experimental group and 90.00% in the control group, with no significant difference(P>0.05). There was significant difference in traction eruption time and orthodontic time between the two groups(P<0.05). There were significant differences in masticatory efficiency, bite force and masticatory pain score between the two groups before and after treatment(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in root length and periroot bone density between the two groups before and after treatment(P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in white aesthetic score between the two groups before and after treatment(P> 0.05), but there was significant difference in red aesthetic score between the two groups before and after treatment(P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in pulp blood flow between the two groups at each time point(P>0.05). At T1, the pulp blood flow reached its peak higher than T0; at T2, it rapidly decreased below T1 but higher than T0; at T3, it gradually decreased below T1 and T2 but higher than T0(P<0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the experimental group was 10.00% compared with 27.50% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both closed traction and open traction correction can effectively treat the impacted anterior teeth, and the two methods have no significant effects on root length, surrounding bone density and pulp blood flow. Although the treatment time of closed traction is slightly longer, it is more beneficial to improve patients' masticatory ability, and has high aesthetics and safety, which is worthy of clinical promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of periodontal microsurgery in periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics ZHANG Jia-yu, LIU Na, LI Jin-yang, CHEN Yue 2024, 33 (5):  523-528.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.014 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (1530KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the application value of periodontal microsurgery in accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). METHODS: A total of 100 patients with the need of PAOO surgery before orthodontic treatment due to the lack of alveolar bone in the mandibular anterior area were selected and randomly divided into microsurgery group and control group with 50 cases in each group. Preoperative CBCT was used to measure the thickness and height of the alveolar bone as well as the gingival thickness. The gingival recession height was measured using periodontal probe. The pain level of the patients was evaluated immediately, 3, 7 and 14 days after surgery while the wound healing was recorded 14 days after surgery. The aforementioned indexes were recorded again 6 months after surgery. GraphPad Prism 5.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The pain level of the microsurgery group were significantly lower than those of the control group at different time points after surgery. All the patients in the microsurgery group achieved healing by first intention 14 days after surgery. In addition, 6 months after surgery, the increase in alveolar bone thickness and the improvement of gingival recession in the microsurgery group were significantly better than those in the control group, thus achieving higher patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal microsurgery can facilitate the improvement of the surgical effect of PAOO, which has a promising value in the clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of root development of maxillary inverted impacted central incisor before and after orthodontic traction by CBCT YAN Chuan-jie, ZHANG Wei, CHEN Zhi-fang, WU Jian-hua 2024, 33 (5):  529-532.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.015 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (858KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of root development before and after orthodontic traction of maxillary inverted impacted central incisors using CBCT and Mimics software. METHODS: Ten patients, who had a maxillary inverted impacted central incisor, were treated using a modified movable retractor combined with surgical eruption. Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) was taken before and after treatment. Mimics 21.0 software was used to reconstruct the impacted central incisors (the impacted teeth group) and the contralateral namesake teeth (the contralateral group) before and after treatment, and the tooth volume and surface area were calculated by the software. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for paired t test, to evaluate the root development before and after treatment. RESULTS: All 10 patients were successfully treated,and the mean duration was (16.10±4.46) months. After treatment, the volume and surface area of teeth in the impacted teeth group were significantly increased compared with those before treatment(P<0.01). The volume and surface area of the teeth before and after traction were significantly lower than those of the contralateral group(P<0.01). However, during the treatment, there were no significant differences in the increase of tooth volume and surface area between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Modified movable retractor combined with surgical eruption can promote root development of maxillary inverted impacted tooth, which is a safe and reliable treatment method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of personalized oral stents in intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment YE Hong-fei, WANG Pei-lu, MENG Jie-qiong, SUN Fang-fang 2024, 33 (5):  533-537.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.016 Abstract ( 3 )   PDF (891KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To explore the effects of personalized oral stents in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment. METHODS: Totally 108 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with IMRT at Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected. Using a random number table method, the patients were divided into experimental group (n=54) using personalized oral stents and control group (n=54) using simple mouthpieces. The dosimetry of clinical target volumes (CTV), normal oral tissues, conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), pain level evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS ), grades of oral mucositis, xerostomia scores, taste scores, oral health impact profile (OHIP) scores and incidence of complications(dental caries, xerostomia, taste disorders, oral candidiasis, osteomyelitis of the jaw) were compared between the two groups. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in average received dose and CI, HI values on CTV and the tongue(P>0.05); however, the experimental group showed a lower average received dose on the mandible, mandibular teeth, and bilateral parotid glands compared to the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the experimental group had significantly lower scores in VAS, grades of oral mucositis, xerostomia evaluation, OHIP and frequency of complications (P<0.05). The taste scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Personalized oral stents significantly reduce the radiation dose to oral sites in IMRT treatment, decrease pain and other oral complications, and improve patients' quality of life. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid and implant stability after oral implant restoration QIN Kun, LIU Wen-jing, LI Meng-qi, WANG Jun-lan 2024, 33 (5):  538-542.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.017 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (620KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To study the correlation between the levels of inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid and implant stability and prognosis after oral implant restoration. METHODS: A total of 78 patients who underwent oral implant restoration surgery from August 2022 to August 2023 were selected as the experimental group. According to the results of X-ray examination 1 month after implantation, the patients were divided into poor prognosis subgroup(n=33) and good prognosis subgroup(n=45), another 60 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The gingival crevicular fluid of all research subjects was collected, and chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to determine high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine amyloid A(SAA) and procalcitonin (PCT), implant stability quotient(ISQ) was recorded after surgery. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid and ISQ, and multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid and implant prognosis. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: The levels of hsCRP, SAA and PCT in the gingival crevicular fluid of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05), the levels of hsCRP, SAA and PCT in the gingival crevicular fluid of the poor prognosis subgroup were significantly higher than the good prognosis subgroup (P<0.05). The initial and second-stage ISQ values of the patients in the experimental group were (74.08±6.12) and (76.78±5.11) respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis results showed that the gingival crevicular fluid hsCRP, SAA and PCT were significantly negatively correlated with initial and second-stage ISQ(P<0.05); multi-factor logistic regression analysis results showed that hsCRP, SAA and PCT in gingival crevicular fluid were important factors affecting the prognosis of patients with dental implants(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of hsCRP, SAA and PCT in the gingival crevicular fluid after oral implant restoration are significantly increased, which are related to the stability and prognosis of the implant. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the effect and influencing factors of glass fiber post and zirconia all ceramic crown in repairing tooth defects LEI Yu-lu, JIANG Ya-peng, FANG Shou-rong 2024, 33 (5):  543-547.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.018 Abstract ( 5 )   PDF (634KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the repair effect of glass fiber post combined with zirconia all ceramic crown in tooth defects and explore the relevant factors affecting the therapeutic effect. METHODS: A total of 100 patients(142 teeth) with dental defects admitted to Shandong Provincial Chronic Disease Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into an experimental group (glass fiber post combined with zirconia all ceramic crown restoration) with 70 patients(98 teeth) and the control group (metal post combined with zirconium dioxide all ceramic crown) with 30 patients (44 teeth). Clinical follow-up was conducted 6 months after surgery to compare the differences in dental restoration effectiveness, gingival bleeding index (BI), plaque index (PLI), and probing depth (PD) between the two groups of patients. According to the 6-month postoperative repair effect of the experimental group, patients were divided into two groups: poor repair group and good repair group. Single factor and multi-factor analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the repair effect of glass fiber post combined with zirconia all ceramic crown. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: Six months after surgery, the proportion of grade A, grade B and grade C in the experimental group was 76.5%, 20.4% and 3.1%, respectively, while the control group was 50.0%, 40.0%, and 10.0%. The dental restoration effect in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group (P=0.008). Before surgery, there was no significant difference in BI, PLI and PD between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). Six months after treatment, the BI, PLI and PD in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Compared with the group with good repair, the group with poor repair had a higher proportion of smoking and stepped broken end morphology (P<0.05). Using smoking (yes=1, no=0) and broken end shape (step shape=1, blade shape=0) as independent variables, and efficacy (poor repair group=1, good repair group=0) as dependent variables, logistic regression analysis showed the factors that smoking and broken end shape affected the treatment efficacy(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with metal post zirconium dioxide all ceramic crown restoration, glass fiber post combined with zirconium dioxide all ceramic crown restoration is more effective, but its restoration effect is affected by smoking and the shape of the broken end. Clinical intervention measures should be taken to improve the restoration effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of mind mapping-assisted flipped classroom in clinical endodontics teaching SUN Rui-nan, LI Xu-yan, FU Yu-jie, JIANG Zi-han, ZHANG Xue-han, ZHANG Qi 2024, 33 (5):  548-554.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.019 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (1322KB) ( 2 )   PURPOSE: To explore the application effect of mind mapping-assisted flipped classroom in clinical endodontics teaching. METHODS: A total of 41 fifth-year undergraduates majoring in stomatology from School of Stomatology, Tongji University, finishing their clinical internship at Departments of Endodontics from October 2023 to March 2024, were randomly divided into control group (traditional teaching group, n=21) and experimental group (flipped classroom teaching group, n=20). Theoretical assessments were conducted on the day of entering the department and at the end of eight weeks in the department. Mini-CEX assessments were conducted in the third week and at the end of the eighth week (including indicators such as medical interviews, clinical examinations, humanistic care, clinical judgment, health education, clinical operations, and overall clinical capabilities). The scores of these two assessment indicators were used to evaluate the mastery extent of basic knowledge and clinical abilities of the two groups of students, and teaching satisfaction questionnaire survey was conducted. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: In terms of theoretical assessment results, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the average scores of the first assessment. The average scores of both groups were better than those of the first assessment, and the average scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. In terms of mini-CEX assessment results, at the first assessment, the experimental group was better than the control group in two dimensions of clinical examination and clinical judgment, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the other five dimensions. In the second assessment, the results of the two groups in 7 dimensions were higher than those of the first assessment, and the scores of the experimental group in 5 dimensions of medical interview, clinical examination, clinical judgment, clinical operation and overall clinical ability were significantly higher than those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Mind mapping-assisted flipped classroom teaching can significantly improve the subjective initiative of undergraduate students during clinical internships, enhancing their mastery extent of theoretical knowledge and overall clinical capabilities, and significantly improve the teaching effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the preclinical teaching effects of digital virtual simulation system in veneer tooth preparation QIAN Yu-mei, ZHANG Xin-yuan, ZHANG Hao, YE Rong-rong, ZHOU Li-ying, QI Sheng-cai, WANG Yan 2024, 33 (5):  555-560.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.05.020 Abstract ( 4 )   PDF (699KB) ( 1 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the preclinical teaching effects of digital virtual simulation system applied in window-type veneer tooth preparation of undergraduate dental students. METHODS: In the early clinical exposure of five-year undergraduate students from School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Simodont virtual simulation system and conventional phantom-simulator system were alternatively used in the preclinical teaching of veneer tooth preparation. First, after theoretical training and tests of veneer tooth preparation, twenty-three students were randomly divided into two groups. Students in group of virtual simulation priority were trained using Simodont virtual simulation system, while those in group of phantom priority were trained using traditional phantom head to complete the window-type veneer tooth preparation within the specified time, followed by theoretical test again for all students. Then, the two groups of students exchanged training systems and completed the window-type veneer tooth preparation and assessment in the same time. All students were asked to fill up a teaching questionnaire for the evaluation of two training methods. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software package. RESULTS: The scores of veneer preparations in labial surface cutting volume, labial surface form, cervical margin design, proximal margin design using traditional phantom head training system were significantly higher than those using Simodont virtual simulation system(P<0.05). Statistical results showed that the scores of labial surface cutting volume of phantom priority group were significantly higher than those of virtual simulation priority group(P<0.05), while the scores of incisal length of virtual simulation priority group were significantly higher than those of phantom priority group(P<0.05). The results of the questionnaire showed that the majority of students believed that the traditional phantom head was more helpful than Simodont virtual simulation in identification of labial surface cutting volume, margin form, depth of indicator groove, cutting force, while Simodont virtual simulation was superior to traditional phantom head in safety and future development tendency. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to give full consideration of the advantages and limitations of digital virtual simulation system and design reasonable teaching plans. Combined application of digital virtual simulation system and traditional phantom head should be used to improve the preclinical teaching effects of veneer tooth preparation skills for undergraduate dental students. References | Related Articles | Metrics