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25 April 2024, Volume 33 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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CONTENTS 2024, 33 (2):  0-0.  Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (736KB) ( 45 )   Related Articles | Metrics

Original Articles

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Damage and changes in expression of autophagy related factors LC3 and p62 of condylar cartilage in fluorosis mouse YU Ying, WENG Qing-qing, LUO Yin-yue, YAO Shu-ran, YI Fang-yu, ZHANG Ying 2024, 33 (2):  113-116.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.001 Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (1284KB) ( 69 )   PURPOSE: To study the damage and the expression of LC3 and p62 of condylar cartilage in fluorosis mouse. METHODS: Thirty 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and the experimental group with 15 animals in each group. The control group received regular drinking water and the experimental group received a fluoride concentration of 75 mg/L drinking water for 8 weeks. The structure of condylar cartilage was observed through modified safranine O-fast green FCF cartilage stain kit. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of MMP-13, type Ⅱ collagen and LC3 and p62. Two-way analysis of variance test was conducted for analysis of semi-quantitative results of immunohistochemistry using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the fibrocartilage layer of the experimental group became thinner, the condrocytes were smaller, and the staining became deeper.Immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of MMP-13 and LC3 increased; the expression of type Ⅱ collagen and p62 decreased in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: There was degeneration of the condylar cartilage and autophagy in mice with drinking water containing 75 mg/L fluoride. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nanocatalytic treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma Cal 27 cells in vitro based on single-atom iron nanocatalysts XIE Yu-ting, XIONG Ping 2024, 33 (2):  117-122.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.002 Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (2256KB) ( 43 )   PURPOSE: To prepare single-atom iron nanocatalysts(SAF NCs) and explore its efficacy on oral squamous cell carcinoma Cal 27 cells in vitro, and provide a new strategy for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: SAF NCs were prepared with combination of isolation and pyrolysis, the microscopic characterization was observed by transmission electron microscopy, the morphology and chemical composition were analysed by X-ray diffractograms and elemental distribution energy spectroscopy. The catalytic properties were detected by TMB assay and electron spin resonance test, and finally the changes in the activity of Cal27 cells were observed by CCK-8, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy for in vitro treatment of oral squamous carcinoma, to investigate the therapeutic effect against Cal27 cells. Statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism 9 software package. RESULTS: SAF NCs were successfully synthesized and characterized, which showed excellent catalytic properties at the solution level and good biocompatibility in in vitro cellular level. The viability of Cal27 cell was reduce to 32.08% after in vitro catalytic treatment under conditions mimicking the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary experiments demonstrated that SAF NCs with good biological properties could effectively inhibit the proliferation of Cal 27 cells in vitro, providing a new strategy for the treatment of oral squamous carcinoma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Morinda officinalis polysaccharides on FN and FN-EDA of periodontal ligament fibroblasts in inflammatory microenvironment ZHANG Zan, DAI Jing-yi, CAI Hong-xuan, SI Wei-xing, YANG Jing-wen, TIAN Ya-guang 2024, 33 (2):  123-129.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.003 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (1323KB) ( 52 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of Morinda officinalis polysaccharides(MOP) on the expression of fibronectin(FN) and fibronectin containing extra domain A(FN-EDA) in inflammatory periodontal ligament fibroblasts. METHODS: Thirty six rats were randomly divided into a control group(n=12) and a model group (n=24). The model group used orthodontic wire ligation to establish periodontitis. After three weeks, 6 rats from each group were selected and confirmed by Micro-CT to complete the modeling. The remaining rats in the model group were randomly divided into periodontitis group, normal saline(NS) group, and MOP group. In the MOP group, MOP (200 mg/kg for 3 d, 50 μL for 4 weeks) was injected into the palatal side of the left maxillary first molar of the rats. In the NS group, same volume of NS was injected, and no treatment was performed in the periodontitis group. The left maxillary tissue of rats were taken and the pathological changes of periodontal tissue were observed by H-E staining. The expression of FN and FN-EDA was detected by immunohistochemistry. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured in vitro, the effect of MOP on cell activity detected by CCK-8. The fourth generation cells were divided into control group, inflammation group (10 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide), and experimental group (12.5 μg/mL MOP, 12.5 μg/mL MOP+10 mg/mL lipopolysaccharide). The expression of FN and FN-EDA was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The data were statistically analyzed using Prism 8.0 software package. RESULTS: In vivo experiments, the expression of FN-EDA in the MOP group was significantly lower than that in the periodontitis group and NS group(P<0.05), and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was reduced. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of FN in each group. In vitro experiments, compared with the control group, the expression of FN-EDA mRNA and protein in the inflammation group was significantly increased(P<0.000 1). MOP significantly reduced the expression of FN-EDA in inflammatory cells, but had no significant effect on FN expression. CONCLUSIONS: With increased expression of FN-EDA in inflammatory periodontal ligament tissues and cells, MOP may play a role in inhibiting inflammation by down-regulating FN-EDA. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Atorvastatin promotes the healing of alveolar bone defect in rats and its effect on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway CHEN Hong-li, YIN Gang, ZHANG Hai-juan 2024, 33 (2):  130-134.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.004 Abstract ( 140 )   PDF (1016KB) ( 50 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on alveolar bone defect model in rats, and to observe the effect of atorvastatin on Wnt/β-catenin. METHODS: Thirty rats were randomly divided into normal group (group N), model group (group M) and atorvastatin administration group (group ATV). Except group N, bone defects were made in other rats' alveolar bone to construct alveolar bone defect model. After successful modeling, 20 mg/kg atorvastatin suspension was administered by gavage in group ATV, and the same amount of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution was administered by gavage in group N and group M for twenty-one days. After the last administration, tail vein blood was collected to detect the concentrations of serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (BPG). H-E staining was used to observe the pathological changes of maxillary defect area, and lane Sandhu score was performed. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining was used to detect the number of osteoclasts in the defect area. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) and Western blot(WB) were used to detect Wnt, β-catenin and Runx2 mRNA protein expression. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 23.0 software package. RESULTS: Compared with group N, the concentrations of OPG, ALP, BGP and Lane Sandhu score in group M decreased, and the number of osteoclasts increased. Compared with group M, the concentrations of OPG, ALP and BGP and lane Sandhu score in group ATV increased, and the number of osteoclasts decreased. After H-E staining, the amount of bone formation in maxillary defect area in group N was more,there was fewer bone tissues in the defect area in group M, the amount of bone tissues in the defect area increased in group ATV. Compared with group N, Wnt, β-catenin and Runx2 mRNA protein decreased. Compared with group M, Wnt, β-catenin and Runx2 mRNA protein expression increased. CONCLUSIONS: Atorvastatin can promote the healing of alveolar bone defect and accelerate bone reconstruction in rat models. This effect may be related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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TNF-α regulated SHED osteogenic differentiation through ERK1/2-Runx2 signaling pathway WANG Jing, XU Na, REN Hui-di 2024, 33 (2):  135-140.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.005 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (1435KB) ( 44 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of TNF-α on osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), and to analyze the changes of ERK1/2-Runx2 signaling pathway in the regulation process. METHODS: SHED cells were isolated and cultured from normal deciduous permanent teeth of healthy children aged 6-8 years old, and the third passage of SHED cells were taken and divided into control group (osteogenic inducer culture), observation group (osteogenic inducer and TNF-α co-culture) and agonist group (osteogenic inducer, TNF-α and ERK pathway agonist co-culture). The osteogenic differentiation was determined by alizarin red staining. The protein expression levels of Osterix, OPN, ERK1/2, pERK1/2 and Runx2 in SHED cells were determined by Western blot. The expressions of Osterix, OPN, ERK1/2, pERK1/2 and Runx2 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: Comparison of osteogenic differentiation ability of the three groups of cells showed that red-brown mineralized nodules were observed in the three groups of cells. Compared among the three groups, the control group had the most mineralized nodules, followed by the activation group, and the observation group had the least mineralized nodules. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Osterix and OPN protein and mRNA in the observation group and the agonist group were significantly decreased, while the expression levels of Osterix and OPN protein and mRNA in the agonist group were significantly higher than those in the observation group. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of ERK1/2 protein and mRNA among the three groups, while the expression levels of pERK1/2 and Runx2 protein and mRNA in the observation group and the agonist group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the expression levels of pERK1/2 and Runx2 protein and mRNA in the agonist group were significantly higher than those in the observation group. CONCLUSIONS: TNF-α can inhibit osteogenic differentiation of SHED cells, which may be related to the inhibition of ERK1/2-Runx2 signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An in vitro experiment on the stability and irritant of hypochlorous acid in oral cavity LIU Zhao-chen, SUN Pei, PAN Ke-qing, WANG Pei-yan, ZHANG Hui, YUAN Chang-qing, DENG Jing 2024, 33 (2):  141-147.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.006 Abstract ( 202 )   PDF (2020KB) ( 66 )   PURPOSE: To study the stability of physicochemical properties and sterilizing effect about two commercially available hypochlorous acid (HClO) products under simulated clinical conditions, and to evaluate the compatibility of HClO on soft and hard tissues and cells in oral cavity. METHODS: Samples of HClO solution with different production processes were prepared, to detect the changes of physicochemical indexes of each sample over time under simulated clinical conditions (shielded from light at 20-25 ℃, open the cover for 5 minutes every day), including free available chlorine, oxidation-reduction potential and pH. Through suspension quantitative germicidal test, the antibiosis-concentration curve of HClO solution was made, so as to calibrate the change of antibacterial ability of disinfectant with the decrease of available chlorine content during storage. Pulp, tongue and dentine were immersed in PBS, 100 ppm HClO, 200 ppm HClO and 3% NaClO. The influence on soft and hard tissues was evaluated by weighing method and microhardness test. The toxic effects of HClO, NaClO and their 10-fold diluent on human gingival fibroblasts were determined by CCK-8 cytotoxicity assay. GraphPad PRIS 8.0 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Under simulated conditions, the free available chlorine (FAC) of HClO solution decayed with time, and the attenuation degree was less than 20 ppm within 1 month. The bactericidal effect of each HClO sample was still higher than 5log after concentration decay. There was no obvious dissolution and destruction to soft and hard tissues for HClO(P>0.05). The cell viability of HClO to human gingival fibroblast cells (HGFC) was greater than 80%, which was much higher than 3% NaClO (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The bactericidal effect and stability of HClO solution can meet clinical needs, which has low cytotoxicity and good histocompatibility. It is expected to become a safe and efficient disinfection product in the field of living pulp preservation and dental pulp regeneration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression and prognosis prediction of CFL-1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ZHAO Kai, ZHANG Yu-ning, JI Shuai-qi, LIU Ying, JIANG Han 2024, 33 (2):  148-155.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.007 Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (3275KB) ( 43 )   PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the expression, prognostic value and immune correlation of Cofilin 1 protein(CFL-1) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). METHODS: The expression and prognostic value of CFL-1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) was explored in the cancer genome map database (TCGA) and gene expression total databases (GEO), and the potential immune pathway of CFL-1 in HNSCC was revealed by GESA and cibersoft analysis. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software package. RESULTS: CFL-1 was significantly up-regulated in HNSCC tissue. The expression level of CFL-1 was significantly correlated with the overall survival status of HNSCC. High expression of CFL-1 was significantly associated with a lower overall survival rate. In addition, multivariate Cox survival analysis showed that CFL-1 expression was independent predictors of poor prognosis of HNSCC. GESA and cibersoft analysis showed that the imbalance of CFL-1 expression affected multiple signal pathways and infiltration of immune cells. CONCLUSIONS: CFL-1 is highly expressed in HNSCC and is significantly associated with poor prognosis of NHSCC. It is a potential prognostic marker of HNSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term follow up of treatment effect using one-time one-abutment placement in implant restoration in 35 patients with single posterior teeth loss WANG Yan-mei, HE Jia-cai 2024, 33 (2):  156-159.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.008 Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (955KB) ( 42 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effet of one-time one-abutment placement on peri-implant tissues. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with single posterior loss were collected, who received definitive abutment at the moment of implant placement. One day and after 1 year of implant loading, radiographic assessment of marginal bone level changes and clinical status of peri-implant soft tissues were conducted. Plaque index, pocket depth as well as sulcus bleeding index were assessed. RESULTS: During 1 year follow-up period after loading, no implant failure was observed. The mean marginal bone loss of implants were (0.225±0.113) mm mesially and (0.439±0.123) mm distally. Standard periodontal probes were used to measure plaque index, probing depth, and gingival crevicular bleeding index immediately after repair and 1 year later. CONCLUSIONS: In the posterior region, one-time one-abutment placement may better protect peri-implant tissues as an ideal treatment protocol. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The efficacy of iRoot BP plus in the treatment of adult carious pulp exposure and its impact on pulp blood flow PAN Yao-yao, MA Xiao-nan, CHEN Cheng 2024, 33 (2):  160-163.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.009 Abstract ( 144 )   PDF (487KB) ( 61 )   PURPOSE: To explore the efficacy of iRoot BP plus in the treatment of adult carious pulp exposure and its impact on pulp blood flow. METHODS: A total of 126 cases of 156 permanent teeth from adult patients with carious pulp exposure who were treated from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected, the patients were divided into experimental group(63 cases with 79 permanent teeth) and control group(63 cases with 77 permanent teeth) by the envelope method. The experimental group was treated with iRoot BP plus, while the control group was treated with mineral trioxide polymer. The differences in treatment effectiveness, operation time, and tooth discoloration between the two groups were observed. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in treatment success rates between the experimental group and the control group at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery(P>0.05). The operating time for each capsule in the experimental group was (2.53±0.41) min, which was significantly shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of tooth discoloration in the experimental group at 12 months after surgery was 3.80%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The bite force quotient and masticatory efficiency of the experimental group 12 months after operation were (16.65±1.14) Ibs and (94.45±5.65)%, which were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IRoot BP plus has good efficacy in the treatment of adult carious pulp exposure, with advantages such as convenient operation, less tooth discoloration, less inflammatory reactions and stable pulp blood flow after decline. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of saliva and intestinal microbial community in children with severe caries based on 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology LI Yang, ZHAO Meng-jun, LU Hong-qiao, LIU Jian-guo, LIU Yun-kun, WU Jia-yuan 2024, 33 (2):  164-169.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.010 Abstract ( 136 )   PDF (1054KB) ( 53 )   PURPOSE: The characteristics of saliva and intestinal microbial community in children with high caries and no caries were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. METHODS: Among 431 children aged 3-5 years old in Zunyi City who were investigated previously by our team, 25 children in the high caries group and the same in the caries-free group were selected for fecal and saliva samples. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the bacterial flora structure of the samples and identify the species with different relative abundance at the species level. SPSS 18.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The diversity of intestinal flora in the high caries group was higher than that in the caries-free group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The diversity of salivary flora in the high caries group was more than that in the caries-free group, with no significant difference(P>0.05). At phylum level,there was no significant difference in intestinal and salivary flora between children with high caries and children without caries. At gene level, Blautia, [Eubacterium] hallii group and [Eubacterium] eligens group in the intestine of caries-free group were significantly higher than those of high caries group(P<0.05), while Parasutterella and Christensenellaceae R-7 group were significantly lower than those of high caries group(P<0.05). At gene level, Peptostreptococcus in saliva of caries-free group was significantly higher than that in high caries group(P<0.05). Dialister, Kingella, Escherichia-Shigella and Treponema in saliva of caries-free group were significantly lower than those in high caries group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are significant differences in species composition of intestinal flora but no in salivary flora between children with high caries and children without caries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of ultrasonic irrigation combined with chlorhexidine in root canal treatment of pulpitis JIANG Yu, SHI Lei, CAI Jia 2024, 33 (2):  170-174.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.011 Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (590KB) ( 62 )   PURPOSE: To explore the clinical effect of ultrasonic irrigation combined with chlorhexidine in root canal treatment of pulpitis. METHODS: A total of 120 patients with pulpitis treated with root canal therapy were randomly divided into a study group (n=60, 72 affected teeth) and a control group (n=60, 70 affected teeth). During root canal preparation, the study group was treated with chlorhexidine combined with ultrasonic irrigation, while the control group was treated with chlorhexidine conventional irrigation. The bacterial count and endotoxin content in the root canal before and after root canal preparation were compared between the two groups, as well as the endodontic inter-appointment pain (EIAP), lateral branch root canal filling rate, and degree of tooth pain after root canal treatment. The success rate of treatment was statistically analyzed after one-year follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: After root canal preparation, the number of colonies in experimental group and control group was significantly decreased compared with that before root canal preparation(P<0.05), and the number of colonies in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05). After root canal preparation, endotoxin levels in experimental group and control group were significantly lower than those before root canal preparation(P<0.05), and the level in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05). The lateral branch root canal filling rate in the study group and the control group was 29.17% and 11.43%, respectively, with significant difference between the groups(P<0.05). The incidence of EIAP was 4.17% and 14.29%, respectively, with significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). At 48 hours after surgery, the visual analogue score (VAS) of the study group and the control group was (2.74±0.61) and (3.29±0.68), respectively, which were significantly lower than at before surgery(P<0.05). There was a significant difference in VAS score between the two groups 48 hours after surgery(P<0.05). One week after surgery, the VAS score in the study group and the control group was (1.52±0.34) and (1.81±0.42), respectively, significantly lower than that before and 48 hours after surgery(P<0.05). There was a significant difference in VAS score between the two groups at one week after surgery (P<0.05). The successful rate of treatment in the control group was 84.62%, and 95.71% in the study group, with a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of ultrasonic irrigation combined with chlorhexidine in the treatment of pulpitis root canals can help reduce the level of bacteria and endotoxin after root canal preparation, alleviate the degree of postoperative tooth pain, and improve the filling rate of lateral branch root canals, with superior curative effects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of stromal cell derived factor-1α combined with autologous platelet poor plasma on avulsion injury of permanent teeth LIU Lin, XI Xue-na, HUANG Tao, HAN Guo-liang 2024, 33 (2):  175-179.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.012 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (599KB) ( 65 )   PURPOSE: To explore the therapeutic effect of stromal cell derived factor-1α(SDF-1α) combined with platelet-poor plasma(PPP) on permanent tooth avulsion injury. METHODS: One hundred and forty-four patients with permanent tooth avulsion injuries admitted to Hengshui People's Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022, with a total of 152 affected teeth were included. They were randomly divided into experimental group of 72 cases(76 teeth) and control group of 72 cases(76 teeth). The control group underwent routine replantation surgery, and the root tips were soaked and rinsed with PPP biological solution before surgery. On the basis of the control group, the experimental group implanted SDF-1α into the alveolar fossa before in vitro tooth implantation for treatment. The patients were followed up for 12 months after surgery, the success rate of implantation, degree of postoperative occlusal pain, expression of inflammatory factors in gingival fluid, serum growth factor expression, and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: The success rate of replantation in the control group was 90.79%(69/76), while the experimental group was 98.68%(75/76). The success rate of replantation in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). On the 2nd day, 3 months and 12 months after surgery, the pain scores of the two groups of patients gradually decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pain scores between the two groups at each time point(P>0.05). One month after surgery, the CRP and IL-6 levels in both groups decreased(P<0.05), while the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). The soluble intercellular adhesion factor (sICAM-1) in both groups increased, and the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). One month after surgery, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), fibroblast growth factor(FGF), transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)and platelet derived growth factor(PDGF) were all elevated, and the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of PPP and SDF-1α in treating patients with permanent tooth avulsion injury has a high success rate of delayed replantation and a low incidence of postoperative adverse reactions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of a modified maxillary protraction appliance for the treatment of patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion associated with crowding LIU Ye, GE Xiao-lei, ZHANG Shi-long, QIN Yuan, HOU Yan, LU Hai-yan, MA Wen-sheng 2024, 33 (2):  180-185.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.013 Abstract ( 153 )   PDF (1149KB) ( 67 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of a modified maxillary protraction appliance in patients of skeletal Class Ⅲ with crowding. METHODS: Forty patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion were divided into two groups, with 20 patients in each group. The experimental group had molar in a neutral or distal relationship and applied a modified maxillary protraction appliance, while the control group had molar mesial relationship and applied a conventional maxillary protraction appliance. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after treatment in both groups for comparison. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The angle measurements taken before and after treatment showed a significant increase in SNA, ANB, SN-MP and U4-SN(P<0.01), while SNB decreased(P<0.01) in both groups. SN-OL changes were statistically different before and after treatment in the experimental group(P<0.05). The sagittal measurements before and after treatment in both groups showed significant alterations in all(P<0.05) but the length of the maxillary arch in both groups. For vertical measurements, U1-PP, L1-MP, U4-SN, U6-SN, and ANS-ME all increased (P<0.05), while the changes of U4-PP and U6-PP in the two groups before and after treatment were statistically different(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had a significantly increased maxillary arch length, a more remote location at U6, and a less variable molar relationship after treatment(P<0.01). The two groups showed a variable amount of cephalometric measurements before and after treatment: the experimental group had a significant increase in maxillary arch length, a more remote position at U6, and a smaller change in molar relationship compared to the control group(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The modified maxillary protraction appliance showed good results for maxillary protraction and pushing the molar distally in patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ with crowding at neutral or distal molar relationship. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of chronic periodontitis on quality of life and severity in patients with bronchiectasis LEI Deng, ZHOU Ying-bin, TANG Sheng-bin, LI Yu-feng 2024, 33 (2):  186-189.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.014 Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (496KB) ( 80 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of chronic periodontitis on the quality of life and severity of the disease in patients with bronchiectasis. METHODS: A total of 80 bronchiectasis patients admitted to The Fourth Hospital of Changsha between April 2021 and April 2023 were randomly selected. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had moderate to severe chronic periodontitis: bronchiectasis with periodontitis group (n=45) and bronchiectasis without periodontitis group (n=35). The Qualify of Life Questionnaire for Bronchiectasi(QoL-B) was used to assess patients' quality. The severity of the disease was assessed using the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI), and serum levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6(IL-6) were detected. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The QoL-B score of bronchiectasis with periodontitis group was significantly lower than that of bronchiectasis without periodontitis group, and the BSI score was significantly higher than that of bronchiectasis without periodontitis group(P<0.05). The levels of hs-CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in bronchiectasis with periodontitis were significantly higher than those in bronchiectasis without periodontitis group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic periodontitis shows significant adverse effects on both quality of life and disease severity in patients with bronchiectasis, which may be related to the common mechanism of inflammatory response between the two kinds of diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement of the mastication function of orthodontics combined with restoration in the treatment of deep overbite with severe lower anterior teeth attrition LU Qian, WANG Jing, PANG Shu-ting, ZHOU Jian-ying, FENG Yan-fen, LU Wen-juan, ZHANG Qian 2024, 33 (2):  190-194.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.015 Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (627KB) ( 57 )   PURPOSE: To observe the effect of orthodontics combined with restoration on masticatory function in deep overbite patients with severe lower anterior teeth attrition. METHODS: From January 2018 to January 2022, a total of 164 deep overbite patients with severe lower anterior teeth attrition were collected and divided into two groups according to different treatment plans: control group(72 patients, with restoration treatment) and experimental group(92 patients, with orthodontics combined with restoration treatment). The chewing efficiency of the two groups was evaluated, temporomandibular joint dysfunction index (DI), muscle palpation index (PI) and cranio-mandibular index (CMI) were calculated. The satisfaction with facial esthetic, the Chinese version of Oral Health Impact Scale-14(OHIP-14) and the repair satisfaction score were evaluated, the occurrence of adverse events between the two groups was compared. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: After treatment, the chewing efficiency of the experimental group was significantly improved compared to the control group, while the DI, PI, and CMI were significantly reduced compared to the control group(P< 0.05). Compared with the control group, the satisfaction degree with facial esthetic and restoration in the experimental group was significantly higher, while the OHIP-14 score was significantly lower after treatment(P< 0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (6.52% vs 25.00%, P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Combination of orthodontics and restoration treatment can enhance the effectiveness of restoration treatment for deep overbite with severe lower anterior teeth attrition, improve the mastication function and temporomandibular joint balance,satisfaction and quality of life of patients, as well as reduce the risk of adverse events. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dental treatment under general anesthesia among pediatric patients in 120 consecutive cases: a retrospective study FU Li-lin, LIU Bo, ZHOU Ni, LI Shan-shan, LYU Chang-hai, MA Xue-ting 2024, 33 (2):  195-199.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.016 Abstract ( 139 )   PDF (693KB) ( 58 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features of children who received treatment under dental general anesthesia (DGA). METHODS: The clinical records of dental patients below 18 years old who were treated under DGA at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Dental Hospital of Kunming Medical University during June 2017 to November 2019 were obtained, including the baseline information, causes for DGA, anesthesia methods, intubation methods, treatment items, treatment time and follow-up visits. SPSS 26.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients were included, 58.3% were males, and children aged 3 to 6 years showed the highest demand for DGA (85.0%). Fear of dental treatment, ineffective non-drug behavior management was the main causes for DGA in young children, while the most common causes for children over 6 years old to choose DGA were mental retardation (38.9%) and patients' needs(38.9%). The average number of teeth treated was (15.16±3.42) for each child, and the average time for treating one tooth was 12.26 min. Restoration, root canal treatment and primary teeth pre-forming crown(including anterior preformed resin transparent crown and posterior preformed metal crown) were the main treatment items. At 1-week follow-up visits, 98.3% of children had no discomfort. During 2017 to 2019, there was an increasing tendency in the number of patients who chose DGA in the authors' institute. CONCLUSIONS: The dental issues of children with fear of dental treatment, ineffectiveor non-drug behavior management or mental retardation can be treated under DGA conveniently, safely and efficiently. The acceptance rate of DGA among pediatric patients is on the rise. DGA training programs and related support projects are needed to meet the treatment demands among patients in less developed areas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Types and colors of 1 374 chair-side CAD/CAM all-ceramic restorations JIN Xia-yue, YU Run-ping, HUA Wei-lei, HUANG Hui 2024, 33 (2):  200-204.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.017 Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (669KB) ( 78 )   PURPOSE: To analyse the types of chairside CAD/CAM all-ceramic restorations and the color range of all-ceramic materials used so as to provide reference for the application of clinical chairside all-ceramic restoration and the color selection of all-ceramic materials. METHODS: IPS e.max CAD prostheses and related data were collected from January 2021 to December 2021 from the Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The number and type of restorations and the color of materials were investigated and analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 1 374 restorations were included, of which 624 were crown restorations, accounting for 45.41% of the total restorations. 516 cases were veneer, accounting for 37.55%; 219 were inlays, accounting for 15.94%; fixed bridges were all adhesive bridges, with the least number with only 15 cases, accounting for 1.09%. In terms of the selection of restoration materials, the use rate of low-transparent(LT) ceramic blocks was significantly higher than that of other transparent ceramic blocks. A was the most frequently used ceramic color. The most frequently used porcelain blocks for veneers were LTA2 and LTA1; for inlay were LTA3; for crowns were LTA2 and LTA3. The blocks used in the fixed bridges were all LT, and A3 color was the majority. CONCLUSIONS: Chairside CAD/CAM all-ceramic prostheses made of IPS e.max CAD materials have been widely used in clinical practice. The types of prostheses include veneer, inset, crown and fixed bridge. The most commonly used IPS e.max CAD blocks are LTA2, LTA3 and LTA1. These findings have certain guiding significance for the clinical restoration decision and the reserve of porcelain blocks in primary hospitals. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the value of systemic immune inflammation index and nomogram in predicting the prognosis of patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma LI Xiao-na, ZONG Ying-rui, ZHANG Yan-xi, HOU Zhen-zhen, LU Li-wen 2024, 33 (2):  205-210.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.018 Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (1096KB) ( 67 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and relapse-free survival (RFS) after surgical resection of mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC). METHODS: The data of 135 patients with MEC who underwent surgical resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2016 to July 2019 were collected, and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was performed on the SII of patients. The optimal cut-off value was obtained by ROC analysis. Therefore, the patients' SII index was divided into high and low group, and survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional regression model and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to analyze the factors influencing prognosis, and a nomogram model was built to predict patients' relapse-free survival(RFS). Area under curve (AUC) and correction curve were used to evaluate the model and verify the consistency. RESULTS: Survival analysis showed that the RFS rate in low SII group was significantly higher than that in high SII group. Cox proportional hazard regression model showed high SII(HR=2.179, 95%CI: 1.072-4.426, P=0.031) and low tumor differentiation(HR=6.894, 95%CI: 2.770-17.158, P=0.000) and cervical lymph node metastasis (HR=2.091, 95%CI: 1.034-4.230, P=0.040) were significant predictors of poor RFS. CONCLUSIONS: The lower the preoperative SII, the better the prognosis of patients. The nomogram prognosis of MEC based on SII is effective. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of cortical bone thickness and jaw bone density on pain during implant surgery XU Ye-hao, REN Bi-hui, DAI Jie-ting, WEI Hong-wu, GUO Shui-gen, MAO Wei-hua 2024, 33 (2):  211-218.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.019 Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (1480KB) ( 58 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of different cortical bone thickness and jaw bone density at implant sites on intraoperative pain during implant surgery. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-seven patients(263 implant sites) who underwent implant placement surgery at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from August 2021 to August 2022 were selected to investigate the effects of different cortical bone thickness and jaw bone density HU values at implant sites on the anesthetic effect under local infiltration anesthesia with epinephrine in articaine. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean cortical bone thickness at the painful sites[(3.90±1.36) mm] was significantly greater than that at the non-painful sites [(2.24±0.66) mm], and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The differences in cortical bone thickness in the mandibular anterior, premolar, and molar regions were statistically significant in the comparison of pain and non-pain sites. The mean HU value of bone density was (764.46±239.75) for the painful sites and (612.23±235.31) for the non-painful sites, with significant difference(P<0.05). The difference was not significant(P>0.05) when comparing the HU values of painful sites with non-painful sites in the mandibular anterior teeth and anterior molar region, while the difference was significant(P<0.05) when comparing the HU values of painful sites with non-painful sites in the mandibular molar region. CONCLUSIONS: Sites with large cortical bone thickness have a greater effect on blocking infiltrative anesthetic penetration and are more prone to intraoperative pain during implantation. In the mandibular anterior and premolar regions, the HU value of the implant sites had less effect on infiltrative anesthetic penetration, and the effect was greater in the mandibular molar region, and the implant sites with high HU values in the mandibular molar region were more likely to have intraoperative pain. When the cortical bone thickness in the planned implant site is greater than 3.9 mm and the mean bone density in the mandibular molar region is greater than 665 HU. If there is sufficient safe distance for hole operation, it is recommended to apply mandibular nerve block anesthesia combined with articaine infiltration anesthesia to avoid intraoperative pain and bad surgical experience for the patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Imaging findings in 12 cases of Warthin-like mucoepidermoid carcinoma CHEN Qian-qian, YU Qiang, SUN Jing-jing, XIONG Ping 2024, 33 (2):  219-224.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2024.02.020 Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (1930KB) ( 57 )   PURPOSE: To summarize the ultrasound, CT and MRI manifestations of Warthin-like mucoepidermoid carcinoma (WT-MEC), and to explore its imaging characteristics, so as to provide reference for clinical and preoperative diagnosis. METHODS: The clinical information and imaging data of ultrasound, CT and MRI of 12 patients with WT-MEC diagnosed by pathology in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2017 to December 2021 were collected, and their specific characteristics were retrospectively summarized. RESULTS: Among the 12 WT-MEC patients, there were 7 males and 5 females, with an average age of (42.7±16) years. Seven cases underwent ultrasound examination, 6 cases underwent CT examination, and 2 cases underwent MRI examination. Radiologically, all the lesions presented as a solitary mass. 11/12 lesions(91.7%) were identified as well-defined margins, and 10/12(83.3%) as solid-cystic masses. All solid-cystic lesions contained multiple cystic areas with variable sizes. On US images, most lesions showed mixed-echoic echogenicity(5/7, 71.4%), poor vascularization (6/7, 85.7%) and acoustic enhancement (6/7, 85.7%). CT revealed all the lesions (6/6, 100%) as a soft-tissue mass with heterogeneous enhancement (5/6, 83.3%). MRI imaging demonstrated the neoplasm with low or iso-signal intensity on plain T1WI and hyperintensity on T2WI. The heterogeneous enhancement was shown on contrast-enhanced T1WI. CONCLUSIONS: Most WT-MECs represent as a solitary, well-defined, solid-cystic mass in the parotid gland. The neoplasm may be characterized by the multiple and variable-sized cystic components within the tumor. References | Related Articles | Metrics