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25 October 2023, Volume 32 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on the effect of alginate impression spray disinfection process on model accuracy ZHANG Jia-yuan, YU De-dong, YE Li-juan, WU Chun-lan, LIU Jing 2023, 32 (5):  449-454.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.001 Abstract ( 217 )   PDF (1125KB) ( 209 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of a new cleaning and disinfection process of oral impressions on the accuracy of alginate dental impression. METHODS: Sixteen young volunteers were selected to make alginate oral impression (2 times for each upper and lower jaw) and oral scandata acquisition (1 time for each upper and lower jaw) to obtain STL data. The 2 pairs of alginate impressions of each subject were numbered group 1, group 2, inwhich group 1 was not sterilized and the oral impression film in group 2 was treated with the method and steps of new oral impression cleaning and disinfection. All the oral impressions of the subjects were perfused with plaster models in the same standard way and demoulded. The obtained plaster models were examined and scanned after appropriate trimming and grinding. The plaster model data obtained from each group of each patient after warehouse scanning were compared with the orally scanned model data for alignment analysis, and root mean square(RMS) was used as a parameter to evaluate the deviation between the test model and the standard model. The chromatograms of the deviations were saved for visualization and analysis to observe the differences in model accuracy from several dimensions. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 23.0 software package. RESULTS: The differences in RMS of model accuracy of maxillary dental series of alginate impressions were statistically significant, in which the RMS of the group disinfecting the maxillary oral impression film with a new oral impression cleaning and disinfection process was significantly higher than that of the nonsterilized group (P=0.006), while the difference between model accuracy RMS of the mandibular disinfection group and non-disinfection group was not statistically significant(P=0.874). CONCLUSIONS: The new technical specifications for cleaning and disinfection of dental impressions recommended by the Chinese Stomatological Association have certain effects on the accuracy of dental impressions made of alginate material,and the details in its process should be further improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on promoting bone formation in osteoporotic zebrafish by lithium-doped hydroxyapatite nanowires LIU Zhen, GUO Wei-ming, LIU Lu, CHEN Rong-jing, FANG Bing 2023, 32 (5):  455-461.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.002 Abstract ( 171 )   PDF (2023KB) ( 156 )   PURPOSE: To observe the regulatory effect of lithium-doped hydroxyapatite nanowires on bone metabolism in osteoporotic zebrafish induced by dexamethasone. METHODS: Pure hydroxyapatite nanowires(nHA) and hydroxyapatite nanowires doped with 10% lithium ions (Li-nHA) were prepared by using hydrothermal method, and then material characterization was performed. The juvenile zebrafish cultured for 3 days(3dpf) were selected and co-cultured with nHA and Li-nHA extracts up to 7dpf. A negative(0.1% DMSO) control group was set up and transgenic zebrafish Tg(ola.sp7:nlsGFP) was used to select the best concentration for promoting bone formation. The osteoporotic zebrafish were induced by dexamethasone and incubated with nHA and Li-nHA extracts. The wild-type zebrafish was stained with alizarin red and the osteogenic differentiation was observed in transgenic zebrafish. Real-time quantitative PCR was adopted to detect osteogenic maker genes, such as zinc finger transcription factor (SP7), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), Runt related transcription factor 2(Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN). Statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism 9.3 software. RESULTS: nHA and Li-nHA promoted bone formation and up-regulated expression levels of ALP, OCN, Runx2, SP7 and OPG of osteoporotic zebrafish. Compared with nHA, Li-nHA significantly increased the mineralization specific staining area and cumulative optical density of zebrafish bone, and the expression of osteogenic maker genes was also significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: Doping lithium ions in nano hydroxyapatite can enhance its osteoinductive properties, and Li-nHA can effectively improve bone formation of osteoporotic zebrafish. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Corilagin-induced apoptosis of oral squamous carcinoma CAL-27 cells in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism LI Sheng-nan, CUI Fei-yan, ZHAO Shan, DU Chen, MENG Jian 2023, 32 (5):  462-467.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.003 Abstract ( 180 )   PDF (1286KB) ( 123 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of corilagin on proliferation and apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells, and to explore the molecular mechanism of inducing cell apoptosis. METHODS: In vitro experiments, Cal-27 cells were treated with different concentrations of corilagin, cell-counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay were performed to evaluate cell proliferation; flow cytometric analysis was used to evaluate cell apoptosis; qRT-PCR and Western blot assays were performed to evaluate the effect of corilagin on the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-3 in CAL-27 cells. In vivo experiments, tumor-bearing nude mice was constructed with CAL-27 cells to evaluate the antitumor effect of corilagin. GraphPad Prism 8.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that corilagin in a dose-dependent manner inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, up-regulated Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and down-regulated Bcl-2 at the mRNA and protein levels of CAL-27 cells, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). In vivo experiments showed that compared with the control group, corilagin could significantly reduce the volume of tumor in nude mice(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Corilagin can significantly inhibit CAL-27 cell growth and promote its apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, which may be related to the mediation of Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of let-7a on proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and apoptosis of human dental pulp stem cells LIU Yan, SHAN Dan-ni, SUN Jing, ZOU Yu-xi, YUAN Chang-yong 2023, 32 (5):  468-474.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.004 Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (2789KB) ( 120 )   PURPOSE: To study the effect and possible mechanism of let-7a on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSCs). METHODS: The cells were divided into four groups: overexpression control (let-7a control/let-7a agomir control), overexpression let-7a (let-7a mimics/let-7a agomir), knockdown let-7a control (let-7a inhibitor control) and knockdown let-7a (let-7a inhibitor). Cell counting kit-8 assay(CCK-8) was used to detect the proliferation of cells at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after transfection. Calcified nodules were detected by Alizarin red staining. The protein expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1), p-4EBP1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-mTOR were detected by Western blot. Annexin V-APC/7-AAD cell apoptosis detection kit was used to detect the level of apoptosis after transfection. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5.0 software. RESULTS: Let-7a inhibited proliferation of hDPSCs and promoted odontoblast differentiation and apoptosis. Let-7a down-regulated the expression of 4EBP1, p-4EBP1, mTOR and p-mTOR. CONCLUSIONS: Let-7a may inhibit proliferation of hDPSCs and promote their differentiation and apoptosis by inhibiting mTOR-4EBP1 molecular pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of EPA on inflammatory response of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts induced by P. gingivalis LPS ZHOU Zi-chao, SHU Rong, WU Yi-qun 2023, 32 (5):  475-479.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.005 Abstract ( 177 )   PDF (721KB) ( 116 )   PURPOSE: To observe the effect of eicosapentaenoc acid (EPA) on the expression of inflammatory factors in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLCs) induced by using lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). METHODS: hPDLCs were cultured by using tissue block method, and the effects of different concentrations of EPA on the activity of hPDLCs cells were observed by MTT method. According to MTT results, the appropriate concentration of EPA was selected, and the expression of interleukin-6(IL-6), IL-8 and IL-1β in hPDLCs induced by P. gingivalis LPS was detected by real time PCR and ELISA. The data were evaluated by SPSS 10.0 software package. RESULTS: 25-100 μmol/L EPA had no effect on the activity of hPDLCs cells, but could inhibit the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β induced by P. gingivalis LPS in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: EPA can inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors induced by P. gingivalis LPS without affecting cell activity, indicating that EPA has the possibility of anti-inflammatory treatment of periodontitis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of clear aligners and customized lingual appliance for bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion: a retrospective study LI Zhen-xia, YUAN Ling-jun, ZHENG Xiao-wen, LIU Lu, LIU Chao, FANG Bing 2023, 32 (5):  480-484.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.006 Abstract ( 164 )   PDF (629KB) ( 176 )   PURPOSE: To compare the treatment effects of clear aligners and customized lingual appliance on treating bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion patients with first premolar extractions. METHODS: Fifty-four patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion treated in Shanghai Ninth People Hospital were involved in the retrospective study. Twenty-five cases used clear aligners and 29 cases used customized lingual appliance. All of them were treated by extracting 4 first premolars and retracting anterior teeth with strong anchorage. The changes of anterior tooth and soft tissue adduction before and after treatment were compared by lateral cephalometric measurements. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The total course of treatment in the clear aligners group (46.32±7.37 months) was about 10.8 months longer than that in the customized lingual appliance group (35.55±5.90 months) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in upper incisor retraction, lower incisor inclination and overjet reduction between the two groups(P>0.05). There were significant differences in upper lip retraction, lower lip retraction, upper incisor torque reduction, and overbite reduction between the two groups(P<0.05). Customized lingual appliance group showed a significant improvement of lips retraction and overbite reduction in orthodontic treatment. For the correction of overjet, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.337). The data of U1-OP (the distance between edge of the upper central incisor and the functional occlusal plane) was not in normal distribution, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P=0.184). CONCLUSIONS: The two techniques can both retract the anterior teeth and lips to improve the profile. However, the customized lingual appliance was more effective in improving the soft tissue profile of patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion, with shorter treatment course. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphological changes of upper airway in patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion after bimaxillary surgery and correlation analysis YAN Jie-ya, LIN Yi-jun, LI Ya-xin, LAO An, LIAO Sheng-hsuan, LIU Jia-qiang 2023, 32 (5):  485-490.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.007 Abstract ( 193 )   PDF (952KB) ( 160 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the morphological changes of the upper airway and related influencing factors in patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion after bimaxillary surgery. METHODS: Twenty skeletal Class Ⅲ patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy(BSSRO) for maxillary advancement and mandibular setback were selected. The patients received CT scans before(T0) and 3-6 months after surgery, and the images were reconstructed three-dimensionally with Dolphin Imaging 11.9 software. Changes in the volume, cross-sectional area, and landmarks of each soft and hard tissue of the airway were measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 25.0 software package. RESULTS: The volume of nasopharyngeal airway increased after operation (P<0.05), and the volume of oropharyngeal airway decreased significantly(P<0.01). The cross-sectional area of the airway at the plane of the second cervical vertebra was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the coronal and sagittal diameters were decreased(P<0.05). The change of nasopharyngeal airway volume was moderately positively correlated with the sagittal change of the posterior nasal spine (r=0.460, P<0.05), and the change of oropharynx and laryngopharyngeal airway volume was positively correlated with the vertical change of the midpoint of the soft palate(r=0.496, 0.696, P<0.05). The airway cross-sectional area in the second and third cervical vertebra planes and the sagittal diameter of the airway in the third cervical vertebra plane were positively correlated with the vertical changes of the midpoint of the soft palate(r=0.474, 0.629, 0.547, P<0.05). The change of airway cross-sectional area at the third cervical vertebra plane was moderately negatively correlated with the change of mandibular plane angle(r=-0.536, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The volume and cross-sectional area of oropharyngeal airway in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients after bimaxillary surgery will decrease. However, the total upper airway volume doesn't change significantly. The changes in the upper airway are correlated with the changes in some soft and hard tissue landmarks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accuracy evaluation of static guided implant placement using an intraoral scan method YE Sheng-jia, YANG Xiao-yan, ZHANG Jia-ming, XIN Xian-zhen, WEI Bin, ZENG Li, GONG Yao 2023, 32 (5):  491-496.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.008 Abstract ( 195 )   PDF (1066KB) ( 143 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of static guided implant placement with intraoral scanning technology and to analyze the influencing factors of guided surgery. METHODS: Totally 27 cases were included in this retrospective study. The implant designs were made in 3Shape Implant Studio and then guided implant surgeries were performed with CAD-CAM templates. Postoperative implant positions were detected with an intraoral scanner (3Shape TRIOS) and deviation of implantation was evaluated using established CAD/CAM based evaluation method. SAS 9.4 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean deviation of entrance point and apical point was (1.182±0.609) mm and (1.658±0.741) mm, respectively. Angular deviation was (5.712±3.347)°. Implant quadrant, location of the implant site, guidance degree, supporting type and implant size influenced direction deviation, while angular deviation was mainly affected by guidance degree and number of missing teeth. CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy of static guided implant placement can be influenced by many factors. More research is needed to improve the accuracy of static guided implantation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accuracy evaluation of recording maxillomandibular relation with the mandibular kinesiography SHE Wen-jun, XIE Jun-liang, JIAO Ting 2023, 32 (5):  497-500.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.009 Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (572KB) ( 122 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of recording maxillomandibular position relationship with the mandibular kinesiography by surface electromyography analysis of the masticatory muscles and MRI of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). METHODS: Eight edentulous patients were selected randomly, and the maxillomandibular position relationship was determined by mandibular kinesiography and traditional method respectively. Then the corresponding bite plates were made to wear. Surface electromyography test of left and right anterior temporal and masseter muscle and magnetic resonance scan of the temporomandibular joint were performed on closed mouth position to record peak potentials, calculate asymmetric indexes, analyze the position relationship between the joint disc and the condyle, measure TMJ joint space. SPSS 18.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the amplitude of the anterior temporal or masseter muscle, the asymmetry index of total, asymmetry index of masseter, asymmetry index of temporalis, the anterior, upper and posterior spaces of TMJ between the mandibular kinesiography group and the traditional group (P>0.05). The temporomandibular articular disc process relationship of the two groups were conformed to the normal physiological position relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular kinesiography could accurately record the maxillomandibular position relationship in patients with edentulous jaws. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of early maxillary slow expansion in mixed dentition on maxillary teeth and alveolar crest in the central segment WONG Chung-man, ZHANG Yun, LI Xiao-bing 2023, 32 (5):  501-507.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.010 Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (1107KB) ( 147 )   PURPOSE: To study the effect of slow maxillary expansion(SME) appliance on the development of premolar tooth germ, primary molar and alveolar crest in the central segment of maxilla in the mixed dentition. METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 children (average age 7.41±0.80 years old ) with maxillary transverse deficiency were selected for SME. Before and after treatment, based on cone-beam CT(CBCT) and Dolphin Imaging software, the position of maxillary premolar tooth germ, the position of maxillary primary molar, the shape of maxillary alveolar crest in the central segment were analyzed. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant change in the buccal-lingual movement and inclination of the tooth germs of the maxillary first and second premolars relative to the maxillary alveolar bone cortex after expansion(P>0.05 ). After expansion, the maxillary alveolar crest in the central segment had an obvious expansion effect(P<0.05). There was an arch expansion effect in the alveolar crest bottom of the maxillary second primary molar (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the alveolar crest bottom of the maxillary first primary molar before and after treatment. Buccal cusp width of maxillary first and second primary molars increased after arch expansion (P<0.05) without inclination of alveolar crest(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SME in the mixed dentition did not affect the position of premolar tooth germ in alveolar bone. SME can expand and buccally tilt central alveolar crest and dental arch, and buccal inclination is greater than that of skeletal expansion and buccal inclination. The closer tooth site is to the first molar, the greater the skeletal effect of arch expansion is at this site. SME is an effective treatment for early maxillary expansion in the clinic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cox model analysis of curative effect and prognostic factors of oral robot-assisted RPLN dissection for head and neck malignancies DING Tai-ran, Julaiti·Tuerxun, YAO Zhi-tao, Maimaitituxun·Tuerdi 2023, 32 (5):  508-512.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.011 Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (631KB) ( 107 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and prognostic factors of oral robot-assisted retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) dissection in the treatment of head and neck malignancies. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with head and neck malignant tumors who were treated in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 and followed up until December 2022 were treated by oral robot-assisted RPLN dissection. The clinical remission rate, clinical control rate, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, and the survival rate and survival time at 1, 2 and 3 years of follow-up were compared. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: All 68 patients with head and neck tumors were successfully treated by oral robot-assisted RPLN resection, and no complications such as postpharyngeal incision massive bleeding, Horner syndrome, aspiration pneumonia were found in all patients. The follow-up was 3 years, the survival time was(31.15±4.93) months, the survival rate was 91.18%(62/68) at the first year, 85.29%(58/68) at the second year and 70.59% (48/68) at the third year. There was no significant difference in 3-year survival rate among different genders, ages, disease types, primary lesions, exocapsular lymph node invasion and peripheral nerve invasion (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the 3-year survival rate of different T stages, N stages, TNM stages, maximum diameter of invaded lymph nodes and vascular cancer thrombus(P<0.05). Cox proportional risk regression model analysis showed that stage T3 to 4, stage N2b to 3, stage Ⅳb TNM, maximum diameter of invaded lymph node >6 cm and vascular cancer thrombi were independent risk factors affecting the 3-year survival rate of head and neck cancer patients after surgery(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Oral robotic assisted RPLN dissection has certain efficacy in the treatment of head and neck malignant tumors, but the survival rate of patients is affected by T stage, N stage, TNM stage, maximum diameter of invaded lymph nodes, vascular cancer thrombolus and other factors, which should be paid more attention in clinic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of invisible correction and SGTB in the treatment of mandibular retrusion CHEN Shuang-xi, GAO Mei-qin 2023, 32 (5):  513-518.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.012 Abstract ( 210 )   PDF (1464KB) ( 138 )   PURPOSE: To compare the clinical effects of invisible correction and SGTB in two-stage treatment of mandibular retrusion. METHODS: Eighty-five patients with bony mandibular regression who did not pass the peak of growth and development were selected. Among them, 40 cases were guided by invisible correction and 45 cases were guided by SGTB functional correction. Lateral head X-rays before and after treatment were measured, and the effect before and after treatment was compared by SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: After treatment, the SNB angle and NP-FH (face angle) increased and the ANB angle decreased in both groups, all of which had significant changes(P<0.001). At T1, the changes of SNB angle, ANB angle and NP-FH angle in the invisible group were smaller than those in the SGTB group(P<0.05). The difference between MP-FH angle and MP-SN angle before and after treatment was greater in the SGTB group than in the invisible group(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with receding mandible before the peak of growth and development, the mandible was significantly moved forward after orthodontics. Both invisible orthodontics and SGTB promote changes in the position of the mandible, improves coordination between the upper and lower jaws. In the control of the posterior teeth in the vertical direction, the invisible group is stronger than the SGTB group. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of precise digital techniques combined with bone puncture techniques to guide the extent of jaw resection LIU Chang, WU Qiong, CHEN Shao-hua, XU Tao, LIU Liang, ZHANG Kai 2023, 32 (5):  519-524.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.013 Abstract ( 169 )   PDF (1534KB) ( 114 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of Mimics software combined with 3D printing and bone biopsy to guide the resection scope of mandibular malignant tumors. METHODS: Fifteen patients admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2019 to April 2021 for oral malignancies and requiring mandibular osteotomy were selected. Preoperatively, CT data of the mandibles were taken to design and print the puncture guide using Mimics software and 3D printing technology, and the length of the osteotomy and the number of teeth lost were also measured. The resected mandible was then combined with the puncture guide and a percutaneous puncture needle to perform bone puncture at the appropriate site and sent for pathology. The mandibular gross specimen was decalcified and when decalcified, the mandibular gross was taken from the same loci, thus testing the accuracy of the bone puncture pathology relative to the gross decalcification pathology, comparing the actual osteotomy length with the simulated osteotomy length and comparing the actual number of missing teeth with the simulated number of missing teeth. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Bone puncture pathology using 3D guides possessed consistent accuracy with gross decalcification pathology. Simulated osteotomy length was significantly less than actual osteotomy length(P<0.001). Simulated number of missing teeth was significantly less than actual number of missing teeth (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The use of Mimics software combined with bone puncture biopsy techniques to guide the extent of resection of malignant tumors in the mandible allows for more accurate mandibular osteotomy, thereby preserving more healthy bone and teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolomics study on the difference of tongue coating metabolites between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individual LIMAN Aviella-nathania, ZHU Hong-lai, YANG Wen-jie, YE Wei 2023, 32 (5):  525-531.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.014 Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (1306KB) ( 128 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the difference of metabolites of tongue coating between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individuals by untargeted metabolomics, and to explore significant differences in metabolites of intra-oral halitosis as biomarkers. METHODS: The untargeted metabolomics of tongue coating samples from 12 patients with intra-oral halitosis and 12 healthy individuals were studied by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The value of variable importance in projection >1 and P<0.05 of Student's t test in the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis model were used as the criteria to screen and determine the differential metabolites. RESULTS: There were differences in the metabolites of tongue coating between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individuals, and 11 different metabolites were identified. They were valyl-arginine, glycine-phenylalanine, tryptophyl-proline, deoxyadenosine, 4,5-dihydroniveusin A, N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan, paramethasone acetate, cyclopentanol, [(2-hexylcyclopentylidene) amino]thiourea, L-pipecolic acid and taurine. In the intra-oral halitosis group, the expressions of Glycine-phenylalanine and N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan were significantly up-regulated, while the expressions of taurine were significantly down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the metabolites of tongue coating between patients with intra-oral halitosis and healthy individuals. The differential metabolites with diagnostic value may be used as diagnostic markers of intra-oral halitosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of metronidazole combined with minocycline in reducing infection after dental implant in patients with localized periodontitis ZHANG Shi-kun, PEI Dong-dong, JIANG Dan-dan, ZHANG Li-hua, CAI Jian-ying, CHANG Zhong-fu 2023, 32 (5):  532-535.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.015 Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (505KB) ( 120 )   PURPOSE: To explore the value of metronidazole combined with minocycline in reducing infection after dental implant in patients with localized periodontitis. METHODS: A total of 120 patients with localized periodontitis who underwent dental implantation in the Department of Stomatological, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital from August 2021 to September 2022 were selected. According to the way of postoperative infection prevention, the patients were divided into control group and experimental group, with 60 patients in each group. The control group was orally given roxithromycin capsules, and the experimental group was locally coated with minocycline hydrochloride ointment and metronidazole gel. The incidence of postoperative infection and complications was compared between the two groups. The modified gingival creval bleeding index (mSBI), periodontal probing depth (PD) and modified plaque index (mPLI) of the patients were examined by periodontal probe. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was determined by immunoturbidimetry and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) level was determined by ELISA. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Good healing rate of the experimental group was 91.67% higher than that of the control group 73.33%, postoperative infection rate was 8.33% and complication rate was 6.67% in the experimental group, significantly lower than that of the control group (26.67% and 20.00%), respectively (P<0.05). After treatment, the level of CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 3 and 6 months after treatment, mSBI, mPLI and PD in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of minocycline hydrochloride and metronidazole in patients with localized periodontitis undergoing implantation can reduce oral inflammatory response, reduce postoperative infection and other complications, and improve periodontal health. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral health behavior and parental cognition of first-grade children in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai SU Hong-ru, WU Yi-pei, QIAN Wen-hao, ZHANG Hong-jun 2023, 32 (5):  536-540.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.016 Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (584KB) ( 126 )   PURPOSE: To investigate oral health behaviors of first-grade school children and parents' cognition of oral health in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai, and to analyze and compare the differences between the two areas, so as to provide reference for formulating oral health intervention measures and oral health education. METHODS: A total of 3 312 first-grade school-aged children in Shanghai were included by cluster random sampling method. Relevant data were collected through questionnaire survey of parents' oral health and clinical oral examination of children. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in oral health behaviors of children and parents' oral health cognition between urban and suburban area with SAS 9.4 software package. RESULTS: The proportion of children who brush their teeth more than twice a day in urban and suburban areas was 72.55% and 44.26%, and the proportion of children who brushed their teeth with fluoride toothpaste was 53.25% and 44.79%, respectively. Compared with the suburban area, the brushing habits of school-aged children in urban area were better, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). In terms of medical habits, the proportion of children with no dental experience in urban and suburban areas was 26.99% and 44.08%, and the proportion of children with toothache in the past year was lower than that in the last dental visit, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In terms of parents' cognition and attitude towards oral health knowledge, parents in urban areas were more correct than those in suburban areas, with the average correct rate being 82.56% and 70.42%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are regional differences in oral health behaviors of first-grade school children and parents' oral health knowledge between urban and suburban area in Shanghai. It is suggested that relevant government departments should strengthen oral health education and oral health behavior guidance for parents, and strengthen oral health investment in non-central urban areas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral health and hygiene behavior in chronic renal failure patients XIE Tian, DENG Meng-zhao, KANG Jian, CHEN Kan, YAO Jin-feng, ZHENG Cang-shang 2023, 32 (5):  541-544.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.017 Abstract ( 172 )   PDF (484KB) ( 117 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the oral health and hygiene behavior of chronic renal failure(CRF) patients in Shenzhen, so as to provide basis for formulating education for them. METHODS: The history of renal failure, oral health status and oral health care behavior of 336 patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) in the hemodialysis center of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital were investigated by questionnaire and oral examinations. RESULTS: At an average, dialysis was required for 3.2 years. The main cause of renal failure was glomerulonephritis in 49.11% of patients, hypertensive kidney lesion in 19.35% and diabetic nephropathy in 15.77% of patients; 77.8% of them kept brushing teeth two or more than two times every day; 72.9% patients suffered from oral problems such as toothache in recent 12 months. The rate of visiting a dentist when having complaints was 21.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The state of oral health of CRF is worse than the general population of comparable age in China, while their hygiene behavior is better than the corresponding reference general population. However, their consciousness of dental treatment is poor. Therefore, health education for CRF patients should include knowledge about oral diseases complicated with CRF and correct medical philosophy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status of oral health literacy and its influencing factors among adult orthodontic patients HU Xiang-ying, WANG Bi-xia, YUAN Wei-jun, ZHU Min, XIAO Yan 2023, 32 (5):  545-550.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.018 Abstract ( 163 )   PDF (722KB) ( 141 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the current status of oral health literacy among adult orthodontic patients and analyze its influencing factors. METHODS: Totally 163 adult orthodontic patients were recruited by convenience sampling method from November 2021 to February 2022 at the Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. General information questionnaire, Chinese version of Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14), Chinese version of Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-care (SESS) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were applied. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean score of oral health literacy in adult orthodontic patients was (48.74±5.54), and the lowest score were obtained in concern (6.80±1.19) and support (6.40±1.59) dimensions. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that adult orthodontic patients' consultation self-efficacy, social support utilization, family or friends' orthodontic history and objective support were the influencing factors of oral health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: The oral health literacy in adult orthodontic patients is at a middle to high level, but concern and support literacy need to be improved. Strengthening consultation self-efficacy, objective support and utilization of social support can improve adult orthodontic patients' oral health literacy. Attention should be paid to patients who have no relatives or friends with history of orthodontic treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of visual education based on digital intraoral scanning on postoperative anxiety in patients with immediate dental implant WANG Bei, ZHANG Xiao, ZHU Cao-yun 2023, 32 (5):  551-554.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.019 Abstract ( 183 )   PDF (619KB) ( 125 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of visual education based on digital intraoral scanning on postoperative anxiety and treatment confidence in patients with immediate dental implant. METHODS: A total of 266 patients who underwent immediate implantation in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January to October 2022 were randomly divided into 2 groups based on the ratio of 1:1, the control group adopted traditional nursing education method, and the experimental group carried out visual education based on digital intraoral scanning on the basis of traditional nursing education. The anxiety self-rating scale (SAS) was used to evaluate the anxiety level after surgery, the numerical score method (NRS) was used to evaluate the patient's confidence in treatment, and visual analogue score(VAS) was used to evaluate the patient's satisfaction with nursing work. SAS 9.4 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: After intervention, the SAS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before the intervention (P<0.01), and the SAS score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01). Pearson Chi-square test did not find significant difference between the two groups in the treatment confidence of immediate implantation after intervention(P>0.05), but the results of Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test showed that the treatment confidence of the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that of the control group (P<0.05). The VAS score of the experimental group for nursing job satisfaction evaluation was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Visual education based on digital intraoral scanning in the immediate implant patient population can significantly improve patients' anxiety, which is conducive to further improving patients' confidence and satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A case of two-stage orthodontic treatment of skeletal ClassⅡmalocclusion with mandibular retrusion and maxillary dental arch stenosis ZHANG Yun, LI Xiao-bing 2023, 32 (5):  555-560.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2023.05.020 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (2656KB) ( 200 )   This article reviewed two-stage orthodontic treatment of a patient with skeletal ClassⅡmalocclusion with mandibular retrusion and maxillary dental arch stenosis. The patient was also accompanied by premature loss of bilateral mandibular deciduous canines and mesialization of mandibular posterior teeth. The first-stage treatment mainly corrected the maxillary dental arch stenosis, maxillary anterior teeth protrusion, mandibular retrusion and skeletal ClassⅡmalocclusion, while the second-stage treatment mainly corrected the mesialization of mandibular posterior teeth and alignment of maxillary and mandibular dentition. The two-stage orthodontic treatment finally enabled the patient to achieve good dental arch shape, tooth alignment, skeletal face pattern and soft tissue profile. References | Related Articles | Metrics