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Shanghai Journal of Stomatology

Table of Content

    25 June 2020, Volume 29 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Original Articles
    Effects of Exenatide-4 on proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells
    LIANG Qian-yu, DU Ling-qian, ZHANG Rui, DING Tian, GE Shao-hua
    2020, 29 (3):  225-230.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.001
    Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (1054KB) ( 266 )  
    PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of exendin-4(EX-4) on proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs). METHODS: PDLSCs were isolated and cultured using limited dilution method in vitro. Colony formation assay, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were applied to identify the stem cells. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of EX-4 receptor glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) on the surface of PDLSCs. PDLSCs were stimulated with 5, 10, 20 or 50 nmol/L EX-4 in vitro. CCK-8, Transwell assay and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity assay were used to determine the effects of EX-4 on PDLSCs proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of osteogenic related genes ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN). The data were analyzed by Graphpad Prims 6.0 software package. RESULTS: PDLSCs were successfully isolated and cultivated. GLP-1R positively expressed on the surface of PDLSCs. EX-4 exerted no significant effect on PDLSCs proliferation(P>0.05). EX-4 significantly promoted migration, ALP activity and osteogenic related genes expression of PDLSCs (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 10 nmol/L EX-4 could promote migration and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.
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    Autophagy induced by cyclic mechanical stretch inhibited caspase-dependent apoptosis of myoblasts
    TIAN Yi-hong, LIU Mei-xi, ZHANG Qiang, XIA Chen-lei, YAN Xiao, YUAN Xiao
    2020, 29 (3):  231-236.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.002
    Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (1191KB) ( 247 )  
    PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis induced by cyclic mechanical stretch and the potential role of autophagy in stretch-induced apoptosis of myoblasts. METHODS: Loading model of L6 myoblasts was established in vitro. The cells were then subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch involving 3 s of 15% stretch alternating with 3 s of relaxation. The cells were collected after mechanical stretch for 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively. Control cells were cultured on the same plates without mechanical strain. Apoptosis of myoblasts was assessed by Hoechst 33258 staining and Annexin V binding and propidium iodide staining. Autophagy was determined by MDC staining and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The level of proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy was detected by Western blot. The data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: The results of Hoechst 33258 staining and Annexin V binding and propidium iodide staining indicated that mechanical stretch notably induced apoptosis of myoblasts. Caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk effectively abrogated apoptosis of myoblasts, indicating mechanical stretch induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. In addition, the results of TEM, MDC staining and Western blot proved that mechanical stretch elicited autophagy of myoblasts. Inhibition of autophagy using 3-MA enhanced caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by mechanical stretch. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclic mechanical stretch induced apoptosis and autophagy of myoblasts time-dependently. Protective autophagy, acting as the compensatory mechanism, inhibited caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by mechanical stretch.
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    Comparison of the stress distribution of microtitanium and bioresorbable plates in fixation of mandibulotomy
    HAN Jing, XIE Dong-ping, WANG Hui-shan, ZHOU Zi-jie, LIU Jian-nan
    2020, 29 (3):  237-241.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.003
    Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (1155KB) ( 244 )  
    PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the stress distribution of microtitanium plate and bioresorbable plates in fixation of mandibulotomy. METHODS: Three dimensional models of different internal fixation systems in mandibular resection were established, and three dimensional finite element analysis was carried out to compare the displacement changes of fracture segments and stress distribution of titanium plates under the same stress conditions. RESULTS: The maximum stress value of titanium plate was 49.8 MPa, and that of absorbable plate was 4.42 MPa. The maximum stress value of titanium plate was far greater than that of absorbable plate. However, all the stresses were less than their yield limits. It can be seen from the relative displacement comparison that when the mini-titanium plate was fixed on the mandible, the maximum displacement value was 0.1 mm; when absorbable plate was used for fixation, the maximum displacement value was 0.2 mm, and the relative displacement of both plates was small. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the stiffness and internal strength of bioabsorbable fixation system are sufficient to support bone healing at the mandible site.
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    Bone morphogenetic protein-2, -4, -6, -7 and -9 differentially mediated osteogenic differentiation of immortalized odontoblasts
    LI Jing, ZHANG Yi, WANG Jin-hua
    2020, 29 (3):  242-249.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.004
    Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (1611KB) ( 501 )  
    PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) phenotypes of immortalized odontoblasts(iODs) and bone morphogenetic protein -2, -4, -6, -7, and -9 (BMPs) differentially regulate the mineralization of iODs. METHODS: ODs were immortalized by SV40 T antigen to establish iOD lineages, and the endogenous expression of BMPs was successively examined. Recombinant adenoviruses expressing BMPs and GFP were generated using Ad-Easy technology. The proliferation capability of iODs was examined using an MTT kit. MSC markers of iODs were examined by immunofluorescence. In vitro, semiquantitative RT-PCR, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity assay, matrix mineralization assay and oil red O staining assay were used to examine the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capabilities of iODs. Statistical significance among groups was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe's multiple comparison test was SPSS 21.0 software package. Finally, the volume and density of ectopic mineralized tissues formed in vivo were assessed by micro-CT and histological analysis. RESULTS: ODs can be efficiently immortalized by SV40 T antigen, and the resulting iODs maintained an excellent proliferative activity, expressed certain MSC markers and possessed multiple differentiation capabilities. BMP-2 and BMP-9 regulated iODs osteogenic differentiation better than BMP-4, -6, and -7. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that ODs and osteogenic growth factors such as BMP-2 and BMP-9 can be used as an efficacious strategy for bone tissue engineering.
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    Mechanical properties of 3D-printed titanium mesh and its biocompatibility in vitro
    ZHANG Yao-sheng, ZHANG Kai, CHEN Xin-wei, MU Hai-zhang, Ding Wang-wang, Qin Ming-li, ZHANG Shan-yong, GONG Qin-lin, Chen Gang, XU Wei-feng, YU Ke-en, JIANG Yan-mei
    2020, 29 (3):  250-256.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.005
    Abstract ( 413 )   PDF (1685KB) ( 318 )  
    PURPOSE: To compare the mechanical properties of 3D-printed titanium meshes and pre-shaped titanium meshes, and to evaluate the effects of 3D-printed titanium meshes on cell proliferation and differentiation. METHODS: 3D- printed titanium meshes were produced and prepared with laser printing machine. The mechanical properties were analyzed by static tension and compression load test. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were extracted from 4-week-old male SD rats. BMSCs were co-cultured with 3D-printed titanium meshes of different apertures. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay was used to test ALP activity. The expression of related osteogenic genes was tested by real-time PCR. The adhesion and growth of BMSCs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and living / dead cell staining. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS: The results of 3D-printing Ti-meshes tension and compression loading experiment were excellent. The 3D-printing Ti-meshes showed no inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, survival and adhesion, but had a positive effect on osteogenesis of BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanical properties of 3D-printed Ti-meshes are excellent. The 3D-printed Ti-meshes have good biocompatibility.
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    Application of keratinocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells for toxicological evaluation of drugs
    REN Yu-lan, LU Lu, LI Sheng-lin, YU Guang-yan, LIU He
    2020, 29 (3):  257-261.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.006
    Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (962KB) ( 197 )  
    PURPOSE: To preliminarily explore the cytotoxicological responses of keratinocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells(K-hESCs) to drugs, and to provide a basis for the establishment of a new biosafety evaluation model. METHODS: CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability and cytotoxicity. The detection of pharmacological response was observed and compared when K-hESCs directly derived from human embryonic stem cells, human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs), and human immortalized oral epithelial cells (HIOECs) were treated with retinoic acid (RA), 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), dexamethasone(DEX), and penicillin G(PG). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: After drugs were applied to HGECs, HIOEC and K-hESCs, the half inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of RA was 6.1±0.03, 5.62±0.05 and 6.58±0.02, respectively. The IC50 of 5-FU was 1.65±0.02,3.00±0.02 and 1.72±0.04, respectively. The IC50 of DEX was 113.67±0.014,328±0.002 and 126.17±0.05, respectively. The IC50 of PG was 2200±1.34,3795±2.42 and 2880±1.5, respectively. The IC50 of the four drugs between HIOEC and HGECs had significant differences(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in IC50 between K-hESCs and HGECs(P>0.05). The IC50 of K-hESCs and HIOEC also had significant differences(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IC50 of K-hESCs was closer to HGECs than HIOEC. It was speculated that K-hESCs could simulate the response of normal human cells in cytotoxicity study.
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    Three-dimensional finite element analysis of implant restoration in aesthetic zone of resin-ceramic composite single crown
    HONG Yu-rui, LI Yang, LUO Wei-yan, XIAO Li-juan, GAO Yong-bo
    2020, 29 (3):  262-266.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.007
    Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (807KB) ( 264 )  
    PURPOSE: To observe and compare the stress distribution of implant, crown, abutment and surrounding bone tissues in the aesthetic zone after restoration of resin-ceramic composite single crown, and provide theoretical basis for clinical restoration. METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element models of alveolar bone, implant, crown, and the thickness of different adhesives between crown and abutment (0.05 mm and 0.1 mm) were established by using Mimics 17.0 software.Force was applied at the angle of 130° with the long axis of the implant, the loading position was 2 mm from the incisal cingulum, and other force on the incisal margin was loaded in parallel to the long axis of the implant. The size was 100 N. Linear static stress analysis was carried out to compare the Von Mises stress after single crown restoration with different materials. RESULTS: When the thickness of adhesive was 0.05 mm, and resin cement was selected, after restoration of Enamic, Ultimate resin ceramic composite crown, the peak stress of alveolar bone, implant, crown and abutment was more uniform and decreased slightly, but the difference was not significant compared with that of IPS Empress, blocs Mark Ⅱ ceramic crown. When the thickness of adhesive was 0.05 mm, the peak stress was significantly lower than that of 0.1 mm. There was no significant difference in the stress between glass ionomer cement and resin cement.Under the same conditions, restoration with Ultimate crown had smaller stress value of peak Von Mises. CONCLUSIONS: The stress of resin composite ceramics single crown when applied to implantation in aesthetic area is slightly less and more uniform. The proportion of resin in composites and the thickness of adhesive can affect the stress distribution and peak value.
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    LncRNA NEAT1 regulates proliferation, migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating miR-339-5p/ITGA3 axis
    LI Yu, HUANG Wen-qing, CHEN Lin-lin
    2020, 29 (3):  267-274.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.008
    Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (1029KB) ( 232 )  
    PURPOSE: To investigate the molecular mechanism of LncRNA NEAT1 regulating proliferation, migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by regulating miR-339-5p/ITGA3 axis. METHODS: qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of NEAT1, miR-339-5p, ITGA3 mRNA and ITGA3 protein in 25 cases of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma, its corresponding adjacent tissues, human normal oral mucosal cell line HOK and human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines TSCCA, CAL27, SCC15 and HN13. CAL27 cell lines that inhibited NEAT1 and overexpressed miR-339-5p were constructed, respectively. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay, cell numbers of migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay, and the expression of Cyclin D1 and MMP-9 proteins were detected by Western blotting. The dual luciferase reporter gene was used to verify the targeting relationship of NEAT1, miR-339-5p and ITGA3, and the regulatory relationship was detected by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: Compared with normal human oral mucosal cell line HOK, the expression of NEAT1 and ITGA3 was up-regulated, while the expression of miR-339-5p was down-regulated in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Inhibition of NEAT1 or over-expression of miR-339-5p significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of CAL27 cells, and significantly inhibited expression of Cyclin D1 and MMP-9 proteins. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that NEAT1 directly interacted with miR-339-5p and suppressed its expression. miR-339-5p negatively regulated ITGA3 expression. Inhibition of NEAT1 reversed the inhibitory effect of the inhibition of miR-339-5p on proliferation, migration and invasion of CAL27 cells. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA NEAT1 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by down-regulating miR-339-5p/ITGA3 axis.
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    Application of intraoral ultrasonic imaging in diagnosis and treatment of 18 patients with oral leukoplakia in non-masticatory mucosa
    LI Dong-yuan, TANG Yun-ju, SHEN Xue-min, ZHANG Wei-qian, XIONG Ping
    2020, 29 (3):  275-280.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.009
    Abstract ( 318 )   PDF (1166KB) ( 260 )  
    PURPOSE: To explore the sonographic appearance of leukoplakia in non-masticatory oral mucosa, classifying mucosal leukoplakia according to the characteristics of sonogram, and providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: Eighteen patients (24 lesions) were diagnosed as oral leukoplakia at the Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. The lesions were located in the tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa and libial mucosa. Before the biopsy was taken, intra-oral path ultrasound was performed at the Department of Ultrasound to observe the lesion's extent, continuity, presence or absence of keratinization, the thickness of each layer in the epithelium, and color doppler flow imaging of the lesions. Quantitative analysis software 'Qontraxt' was used to randomly measure the relative echo intensity of the mucosal surface in leukoplakia areas, and summarize the keratinization type. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data, and paired t test was used for inter-group comparison of the data. RESULTS: Oral leukoplakia sonograms showed that the epithelial layer appeared keratinization, the epithelial was thickened, and the echo was enhanced. The stratum intermedium showed a low echo thickening band, and the echo of partial lesions' surface decreased or the blood flow signal in oral mucosa increased. The hyperechoic band in the leukoplakia area was significantly thickened (P<0.001), and the echo was enhanced, with the tongue and buccal mucosa being the most significant. The hypoechoic band was significantly thicker (P<0.001), with the buccal mucosa and labial mucosa being the most significant. The surface and stratum corneum echo intensity values were determined by Qontraxt quantitative analysis software to determine whether there were keratinization and the keratinization types. The echo intensity values was 43.28±9.33 in non-OLK area, 92.88±3.12 in OLK with orthokeratosis, and 84.75±5.76 in OLK with parakeratosis. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound imaging can effectively define mucosal leukoplakia and measure the thickness of each layer in the epithelium. In addition, special adjoint changes such as ulcers, infections and cancerous changes can be detected. Intraoral ultrasonic imaging can provide imaging evidence for clinical diagnosis, treatment planning and post-treatment follow-up and contribute to avoid unnecessary mucosal iatrogenic injury or recurrence of disease after treatment.
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    Effect of extraction on condylar process position and upper airway in 12-14 years old females with skeletal Class Ⅱ high angle
    LEI Jie, XIAO Yao, LUO Mao-xuan, XU Xiao-mei
    2020, 29 (3):  281-286.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.010
    Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (1031KB) ( 309 )  
    PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of extraction on condylar process position and upper airway in 12-14 years old females with skeletal ClassⅡhigh angle. METHODS: Twenty seven 12-14 years old females with skeletal ClassⅡhigh angle (experimental group) and 30 physical examinees without malocclusion (control group) in Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University from January 2016 and June 2017 were enrolled. All patients received cone-beam CT (CBCT) examinations. Mimics 20.0 was used to process the data. The changes of the condylar process position and upper airway were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: Before treatment, patients in the experimental group had higher Sa as well as lower Sp than those of the control group (P<0.05), but with no difference in Su between 2 groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, Sa was decreased in the experimental group (P<0.05), but no change was observed in Sp and Su(P>0.05). After treatment, the joint space indexes were increased in the experimental group (P<0.05). Before treatment, the V total, V tongue, V mouth, and SMIN in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, V nose, V palate, V larynx, APTE, APHP and APSP in the experimental group showed no difference with those of the control group (P>0.05). V nose, V larynx, APHP and APTE showed no difference before and after treatment within the experimental group (P>0.05). After treatment, the V total, V tongue, V palate, V mouth, SMIN and APSP in the experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Extraction treatment can widen the airway, suggesting that there may be a certain correlation between the changes of condyle position and upper airway volume.
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    Long-term outcomes of dental implants at different times after tooth extraction
    LI Yan, BAI Shi, JIANG Li-lan, TAN Ying-yun
    2020, 29 (3):  287-292.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.011
    Abstract ( 373 )   PDF (920KB) ( 248 )  
    PURPOSE: To analyze 8-year cone-beam CT (CBCT) data of early, delayed and late implantation around maxillary area of patients with single dental implant after tooth extraction, and to investigate the effect of implantation at different times on implants, in order to provide valuable information for correct selection of appropriate implant timing after tooth extraction. METHODS: Clinical data of 68 patients who received single-tooth implant after tooth extraction in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different implantation times, the patients were divided into three groups: group A (n=25), group B (n=24) and group C (n=19). All patients were followed up for 8 years, and the buccal bone defects were recorded. The adjacent bone level and bone defects were analyzed based on CBCT images and posteroanterior(PA) radiographs. The data were processed with SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: The success rate of mini-implants was 92.59%(150/162). Univariate analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference in the success rate of implantation among three groups(P<0.05). Paired comparison showed that the success rate of implantation among three groups was the highest in group C, followed by group B and group A (P<0.05). 8-year CBCT image data of 51 patients included 16 in group A, 20 in group B and 15 in group C. The adjacent bone levels showed no significant difference between CBCT and PA images(P>0.05). Insertion torque and pullout torque showed no significant difference among three groups(P>0.05). Implant timing, insertion torque and pullout torque were the high-risk factors affecting implant success rate(P<0.05). After 8 years of implant placement, there was no significant difference in bone level among three groups (P>0.05). In the second stage of operation, bone defect rate of group C was significantly less than that of group A and B (P<0.05). The average maxillary bone level of implants with no bone defects was lower than that of implants with dehiscence-type defects (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Implant placement time after extraction has no impact on adjacent bone level, but different implant times can affect the success rate of implant; moreover, the indication of immediate implant should be strictly controlled.
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    Study on the efficacy and safety of metronidazole combined with periodontal tissue regeneration in the treatment of periodontitis
    WANG Meng-jia, DA Yu, ZHENG Li-chun
    2020, 29 (3):  293-297.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.012
    Abstract ( 414 )   PDF (772KB) ( 333 )  
    PURPOSE: To explore the efficacy and safety of ornidazole combined with periodontal tissue regeneration in the treatment of periodontitis. METHODS: From March 2018 to March 2019, 100 patients with periodontitis who received treatment in the Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine of Nanjing University were selected and randomly divided into the regeneration group and combined treatment group with 50 patients in each group. Patients in the regeneration group received periodontal tissue regeneration treatment, while patients in the combined treatment group received ornidazole combined periodontal tissue regeneration treatment. Related periodontal indexes including periodontal probing depth(PPD), periodontal attachment level(PAL), tooth mobility degree(MD) were measured, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 4 (IL-4), c-reactive protein(CRP) level and immune globulin level were detected before and after treatment, the therapeutic effects and complications were recorded and compared. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: After treatment, PPD, PAL and MD levels in the combined treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the regenerative group (P<0.05). Serum MDA level in the combined treatment group was significantly lower than that in the regenerative group, SOD and gsh-px levels were significantly higher than that in the regenerative group(P<0.05). The serum levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE, IL-10, IL-4 and CRP in the combined treatment group were significantly lower than those in the regenerative treatment group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of the regenerative treatment group, and the incidence of complications was significantly lower than that of the regenerative group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Ornidazole combined with periodontal tissue regeneration can improve the level of periodontal index, alleviate oxidative stress injury, improve immune function, inhibit inflammation, and has a significant therapeutic effect with high safety.
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    Evaluation of the consistency between the measurement results of residual bone height and root surface area in periodontal supporting tissue
    XU Jing-jing, XU Jun, XU Ruo-nan, GUO Xin, PALIDAN Jila, GULINUER Awuti
    2020, 29 (3):  298-303.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.013
    Abstract ( 214 )   PDF (1218KB) ( 241 )  
    PURPOSE: To explore the percentage of residual support height (Ph) and the percentage of residual root surface area (Ps) in evaluating periodontal support ability by simulating different stages of periodontitis based on the curved surface modeling. METHODS: Fifteen cone-beam CT (CBCT) images including 420 teeth in total were collected. The data were reconstructed into 3-dimensional teeth models by Mimics software.The 3D surface model of the tooth was then optimized by Geomagic software and then imported into Solidworks software to simulate different periodontal support height. Ph and Ps were measured and calculated to evaluate the consistency of Ph and Ps results in all tooth types. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: RSA in incisors, canines and premolars: coronal 1/3>middle 1/3>apical 1/3. RSA in molars: middle 1/3>coronal 1/3>apical 1/3. Maxillary first molar had the largest RSA, accounting for 11.60% of the dentition, which was about 3.18 times than mandibular central incisor. The difference between Ph and Ps in all types of teeth was statistically significant (P< 0.01). The 95% confidence interval(CI) of the difference between Ph and Ps in the maxillary incisor, mandibular incisor, mandibular canine was between the clinical consistency limit (-15%, 15%). In the remaining tooth types, 95%CI of the difference between Ph and Ps was beyond the clinical consistency limit (-15%, 15%). CONCLUSIONS: For single-root tooth, except maxillary canine, the remaining periodontal support height could replace periodontal support area. For multi-rooted tooth, judging the ability of periodontal support ability only by alveolar bone absorption ratio in 2D index has significant limitations. Full consideration is needed to focus on root morphological discrepancy when determining the extent of periodontal disease.
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    Effect of oral health education with children popular oral science short drama on oral health care KAP among 10-year-old children
    XU Xiao-ming, LIU Yue-hua, LI Wen-jing, WANG Lu, YU Xiang-hua, TIAN Ying-ju
    2020, 29 (3):  304-307.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.014
    Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (760KB) ( 324 )  
    PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of health education with children popular oral science short drama on 10-year-old children's oral health knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), and provide evidence for oral health education methods for children. METHODS: A oral health education short drama for children was filmed. 10-year-old children from a primary school in Minhang district, Shanghai were selected as the study subjects. The groups were asked to watch the drama on campus at enrollment and the first month for health education. Self-made questionnaires were used to conduct corresponding oral health KAP surveys at the time of enrollment, the first month and the sixth month. The survey results were compared using SPSS 21.0 software package for t test and Chi-square test, to compare the changes in oral health KAP scores and the accuracy of each question before and after oral health education. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-four children were followed-up. Before the intervention, the subjects' oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores were (21.02±12.54), (74.48±19.87), (31.90±22.39), and (57.05±17.56), (85.06±14.97), (55.03±29.32) at the first month; and (71.76±16.27), (91.49±12.40), (73.99±27.46) at the 6th month, respectively. Compared with those before the intervention, significant increases were observed (P<0.001). Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in KAP scores between different genders, but there were significant differences in knowledge and behavior scores at 1 and 6 months after intervention between different genders(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: School oral health education through children oral science short drama has a good effect on improving the knowledge, attitude and behavior of oral health care for 10-year-old children, and it is more effective when repeat.
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    Clinical evaluation of Er:YAG laser in the treatment of grade Ⅱ periodontitis with bifurcation lesions
    WU Yu-zhuo, ZHOU Yan, MEI You-min, HUAN Hong, SUN Jing-wei
    2020, 29 (3):  308-311.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.015
    Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (814KB) ( 283 )  
    PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er: YAG) laser in the treatment of degree II bifurcation periodontitis. METHODS: Thirty patients(60 teeth) with grade II bifurcation lesions of chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. One week after supergingival scaling with ultrasound, the patients were randomly divided into experimental group: subgingival scaling with ultrasound and hand instruments + Er: YAG laser irradiation in periodontal pocket; control group: the contralateral homonymous teeth were treated with subgingival scaling with ultrasound and hand instruments alone. The changes of gingival index(GI), pocket depth(PD), horizontal probing depth (HPD) and attachment loss(AL) were compared between the two groups 12 and 20 weeks after treatment. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Periodontal clinical indexes(GI, PD, HPD, AL) of the experimental group and control group were significantly reduced compared with baseline at 12 and 20 weeks after treatment(P<0.05). At 12 and 20 weeks after treatment, PD in the experimental group was (4.03±0.48) mm and (3.43±0.45) mm, (4.82±0.55) mm and (4.27±0.36) mm in the control group, respectively. The reduction of PD in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in HPD between the two groups at 12 weeks after treatment. Twenty weeks after operation, HPD in the experimental group was found to be (3.01±0.34) mm and (3.78±0.29) mm in the control group. The decrease of HPD in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). GI and AL of the experimental group at 12 and 20 weeks were lower than those of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Er: YAG laser is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic periodontitis patients with grade II root bifurcation lesions with significant clinical value.
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    Clinical comparative study on aesthetic effect of all-ceramic micro-veneer and minimally invasive ultra-thin veneer in repairing deformed anterior teeth
    YANG Nan, BAIHETIYAER·Mahesuti, LIU Yi, WANG Zhen-hua, YANG Ze-hui
    2020, 29 (3):  312-315.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.016
    Abstract ( 533 )   PDF (826KB) ( 385 )  
    PURPOSE: To compare the aesthetic effects of all-ceramic micro-veneer and minimally invasive ultra-thin veneer in repairing deformed anterior teeth. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients with deformed anterior teeth were selected for aesthetic restoration. According to the patient's personal condition, a suitable repair protocol was selected. Patients in the experimental group (60 cases) were repaired with all-ceramic micro-adhesive surface, while patients in the control group (60 cases) were treated with minimally invasive ultra-thin veneer. The US Public Health Administration's Evaluation Criteria (USPHS) scores were recorded and compared 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after restoration. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the integrity, color, marginal closeness, translucency and marginal staining of the restorations between the two groups 24 months after operation (P>0.05). The satisfaction rate of the aesthetics of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (71.60% vs 93.83%, P<0.05). The incidence of complications such as broken, detached and secondary caries during the follow-up period was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (1.23% vs 11.11%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that there is no significant difference in the success rate between the two methods. All-ceramic micro-veneer technique has good long-term effect, fewer complications, easy to collapse and stain the lip margin, but it has a small amount of teeth preparation and a low incidence of pulpitis in the later period. Minimally invasive super-thin veneer has high aesthetic value, so it is necessary to choose appropriate aesthetic repair methods according to the patients' needs.
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    Effect of autologous concentrated growth factor fibrin solution combined with Bio-Oss bone powder on mucosal healing and bone regeneration after oral implanted guided bone regeneration
    LIN Yong, MAO Chi, HOU Dan, CHANG Xiao-rong, ZHANG Jun-hua, ZHAO Xian-yin
    2020, 29 (3):  316-320.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.017
    Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (864KB) ( 254 )  
    PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of autologous concentrated growth factor fibrin solution combined with Bio-Oss bone powder on mucosal healing and bone regeneration after oral implanted guided bone regeneration. METHODS: From October 2016 to December 2018, 83 patients with maxillary single anterior tooth loss and labial bone defect were treated, they were divided into two groups. Patients in the experimental group (42 cases) received autologous concentrated growth factor fibrin solution + Bio-Oss bone powder, while patients in the control group (41 cases) received Bio-Oss bone powder alone. The degree of mucosal healing, implant success, bone defect regeneration, pain and other complications were followed up 7 days, 6 weeks and 1 year after operation. The success rate and complications of the two groups were observed, as well as the differences of mucosal color, swelling degree, bleeding index, depth of probing, attachment loss, height of bone graft and thickness of bone formation were measured and recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the success rate of implants between the two groups (95.24% vs 97.56%, P>0.05). The complication rate of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (2.38% vs 14.63%, P<0.05). The mucosal color and swelling degree scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group [(0.65±0.03) points vs (2.01±0.15) points, (1.10±0.37) points vs (2.69±0.54) points, P<0.05], and the bleeding index, probing depth, and attachment loss were significantly lower than the control group [(0.35±0.05) vs (0.49±0.09), (3.39±0.62) mm vs (4.41±0.95) mm, (3.02±0.66) mm vs (5.31±0.91) mm, P<0.05], bone graft height and osteogenesis height were significantly higher than the control group [(2.61±0.50) mm vs (2.20±0.31) mm, (2.53±0.34) mm vs (2.02±0.27) mm, P<0.05]. The degree of postoperative pain in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Rich self-concentrating growth factor fibrin solution combined with Bio-Oss bone powder can effectively promote mucosal healing and bone regeneration after oral implant-guided bone regeneration, and reduce postoperative pain and complications.
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    Investigation of the clinical effect of 65 μm glycine powder air-polishing(GPAP) after ultrasonic scaling during subgingival polishing
    SHI Zhao-cheng, WANG Li-ming, SONG Zhi-feng, AO Sheng-yao, DONG Cong
    2020, 29 (3):  321-324.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.018
    Abstract ( 232 )   PDF (770KB) ( 241 )  
    PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of 65 μm glycine powder air-polishing (GPAP) by comparing with sodium hydrogen carbonate after ultrasonic scaling during subgingival polishing. METHODS: Thirty-three patients who were systematically healthy were involved in this study. After ultrasonic scaling,they were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group. Patients in the control group were treated with rubber cup + sodium hydrogen carbonate, while patients in the experimental group were treated only with 65 μm GPAP therapy. The clinical parameters including probing depth(PD), bleeding index(BI), plaque index(PI), staining index(SI) were recorded at baseline, 1week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment. The results were analyzed by paired sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test with SPSS 23.0 software package. RESULTS: Both methods had good clinical effects. PD, BI, PI and SI of the two groups at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment were significantly better than those at baseline (P<0.01). SI of the experimental groups was significantly lower than that of the control group at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that 65 μm GPAP may be as effective as sodium hydrogen carbonate after ultrasonic scaling in removal of dental plaque and stain. 65 μm GPAP had the advantage of reducing restaining.
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    A comparative study on the effect of glass fiber post and metal post in restoration of anterior tooth defect
    WU Xue-ying, YE Ye, ZHONG Qun
    2020, 29 (3):  325-328.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.019
    Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (755KB) ( 474 )  
    PURPOSE: To analyze the effect and long-term success rate of using glass fiber post or metal post in restoration of anterior tooth defect. METHODS: One hundred and fifty cases with anterior tooth defects were chosen after root canal therapy in our hospital. According to different material being chosen, the patients were divided into fiber post group and metal post group with 75 cases in each group. Local gingival sulcus fluid (GCF) levels and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in gingival sulcus liquid were measured and compared 4 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years after restoration. Restoration integrity, edge fitness and color matching of two groups were compared after follow-up for 3 years. The data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: Four weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after restoration, local GCF, ALP levels significantly elevated in both groups. The fiber post group showed more significant elevated levels of GCF and ALP than the metal post group (P<0.05). After 2 and 3 years, the difference between the two groups was not significant. The gingival color matching degrees were significantly better in the glass fiber post group after 1 year compared with that in the metal post group(P<0.05). The success rate of metal post group was significantly higher than that of fiber post group 3 years after restoration(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Fiber post and metal post both have satisfactory restoration result for tooth defect in anterior teeth area. However, the use of precious metal alloy post may reduce the possibility of microleakage between tooth-prosthesis surfaces.
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    Clinical Reports
    Factors affecting selection of tracheostomy after mandibular tumor operation: a retrospective study
    JIN Li-hong, GU Zhen-hua, CHEN Zhi-feng, XU Hui
    2020, 29 (3):  329-332.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.020
    Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (755KB) ( 187 )  
    PURPOSE: To assess the factors affecting selection of tracheostomy after mandibulectomy. METHODS: The clinical data of 165 patients who were divided into intubated group and tracheostomy group were collected from January 2008 to December 2012 in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, including demographics, smoke habits, alcohol consumption, pulmonary disease, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, history of jaw operation, length of surgery, preoperative radiotherapy, free flap reconstruction, resection over the anterior midline, and radical neck dissection. The postoperative outcomes, such as the duration of keeping tube, the length of ICU stay, the length of hospital stay, and the number of complications and death were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.2 software package. RESULTS: There were 81 patients in intubated group and 84 patients in tracheostomy group. Three factors that might be associated with selection of tracheostomy after mandibulectomy were preoperative radiotherapy (OR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.34-9.20), free flap reconstruction (OR: 3.99, 95%CI: 1.84-8.65), and resection over the anterior midline of the jaw (OR: 20.08, 95%CI: 6.52-160.35)(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tracheostomy was suitable for patients who received preoperative radiotherapy, free flap reconstruction and resection over the anterior midline after mandibular tumor resection were factors in considering of tracheotomy.
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    Internal fixation of mandibular comminuted fracture with mini-titanium plate: a retrospective study of 21 cases
    CHEN Wei, FANG Rui
    2020, 29 (3):  333-336.  doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2020.03.021
    Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (850KB) ( 243 )  
    PURPOSE: To investigate the value of internal fixation in management of mandibular comminuted fracture with mini-titanium plate. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with mandibular comminuted fracture treated in Stomatology Hospital of Shenyang from March 2017 to February 2018 were enrolled, the patients received internal fixation with mini-titanium plate. The lower mandibular margin, upper mandibular margin and middle outer cortex were fixed respectively. The postoperative fracture healing and adverse reactions were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: All patients achieved bone healing within 3 months after surgery, with an average duration of (1.53±0.36) months. Among 21 patients, six patients (28.57%) had minimal occlusion, and 1 patient (4.76%) had local infection. No microtitanium plate fracture, persistent pain, limited mouth opening, tooth injury, facial nerve injury or nonunion were found. CONCLUSIONS: Internal fixation with mini-titanium for comminuted mandibular fracture patients without bone defects has the advantages of good postoperative fracture healing, short healing time and few adverse reactions.
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