上颌前牙缺失患者种植修复前后唇部软组织厚度、弹性及面部美学指数变化分析

doi:10.19439/j.sjos.2026.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的: 分析上颌前牙缺失患者种植修复前后唇部软组织厚度、弹性及面部美学指数的变化。方法: 选择2021年1月—2025年1月收治的96例上颌前牙缺失并进行上颌前牙区种植固定修复的患者。收集患者基本资料、CBCT检查结果和三维面部扫描数据,记录种植成功率、并发症情况,比较患者种植治疗前（T0）、戴入导板时（T1）和最终修复后（T2）的唇部软组织厚度、弹性及面部美学指数变化。采用Pearson相关性分析评估患者术后美学情况与唇部软组织变化的关系。结果: 96例上颌前牙缺失患者种植成功率为100%(96/96),术后出现3例红肿、2例出血和5例疼痛,治疗后恢复,无感染、神经损伤和种植体折断等严重并发症。T1、T2时患者上唇长度较T0显著增加,上唇厚度和鼻唇角显著降低,上唇基部高度显著增加（P<0.05）。TI、T2时的红色美学评分（pink esthetic score,PES）显著高于T0（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,PES与上唇长度、上唇基部高度呈正相关,与厚度、鼻唇角呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论: 上颌前牙区种植固定修复可显著改善前牙缺失患者唇部支撑效果,提升面部美学效果,安全性良好,未出现严重并发症。

关键词: 上颌前牙缺失, 种植修复, 唇部软组织, 面部美学

Abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the changes in the thickness, elasticity and facial aesthetic index of the lip soft tissue before and after implant restoration in patients with maxillary anterior tooth loss. METHODS: A total of 96 patients with missing maxillary anterior teeth who underwent implantation-fixed restoration in the maxillary anterior teeth area from January 2021 to January 2025 were selected. The baseline data, CBCT results and 3D facial scanning data of the patients were collected, and the success rate of implantation and complications were recorded. The changes of lip soft tissue thickness, elasticity and facial aesthetic index were compared before implantation (T0), at insertion of the guide plate (T1) and after final restoration (T2). Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between postoperative aesthetic outcomes and changes in lip soft tissue. RESULTS: The implant survival rate was 100% (96/96). Postoperative complications included 3 cases of swelling, 2 cases of bleeding, and 5 cases of pain, all of them resolved after treatment. No severe complications such as infection, nerve injury or implant fracture occurred. Compared to T0, upper lip length significantly increased at T1 and T2, while upper lip thickness and nasolabial angle significantly decreased, and lower facial height significantly increased (P<0.05). The pink aesthetic score (PES) at TI and T2 was significantly higher than that at T0 (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that PES was positively correlated with the length of the upper lip and the height of the lower face, and negatively correlated with the thickness and nasolabial angle (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Implant-supported fixed restoration in the maxillary anterior region significantly improves lip support and enhances facial aesthetics in patients with anterior tooth loss, with good treatment safety and no serious complication.

Key words: Maxillary anterior tooth loss, Implant restoration, Lip soft tissue, Facial aesthetics

中图分类号:

R783.4

祁璐璐, 焦铁军, 王晓波, 梁会岭, 霍金荣. 上颌前牙缺失患者种植修复前后唇部软组织厚度、弹性及面部美学指数变化分析[J]. 上海口腔医学, 2026, 35(3): 276-280.

Qi Lulu, Jiao Tiejun, Wang Xiaobo, Liang Huiling, Huo Jinrong. Analysis of changes in the thickness, elasticity and facial aesthetic index of the lip soft tissue before and after implant restoration in patients with maxillary anterior tooth loss[J]. Shanghai Journal of Stomatology, 2026, 35(3): 276-280.

参考文献

[1] Liu F, Wang YH, Xiong YJ, et al.Modified oral implant restoration improves dental aesthetics, function, and patient satisfaction in maxillary anterior tooth loss[J]. Am J Transl Res, 2025, 17(2):983-991.
[2] Hjerppe J, Lehmijoki M, Suomalainen A, et al.Retrospective radiographic analysis and treatment outcomes of patients with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors[J]. J Oral Implantol, 2025, 51(3): 283-288.
[3] Khorshed A, Vilarrasa J, Monje A, et al.Digital evaluation of facial peri-implant mucosal thickness and its impact on dental implant aesthetics[J]. Clin Oral Investig, 2023, 27(2): 581-590.
[4] 张红丽, 董芳明, 郑惠青, 等. 牙列缺失行种植固定修复后影响口腔卫生因素及维护方式的研究进展[J]. 护理与康复, 2022, 21(4): 78-80.
[5] Khaohoen A, Powcharoen W, Sornsuwan T, et al.Accuracy of implant placement with computer-aided static, dynamic, and robot-assisted surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2024, 24(1):359.
[6] Ito A, Mayama A, Oyanagi T, et al.Three-dimensional morphologic analysis of the maxillary alveolar bone after anterior tooth retraction with temporary anchorage devices[J]. Angle Orthod, 2023, 93(6): 667-674.
[7] 宿玉成. 种植成功标准[J]. 中国口腔种植学杂志, 2023, 28(6): 472.
[8] Smojver I, Vuletic M, Illeš D, et al.Pink esthetic score around single-tooth implant crowns after socket-shield technique: a prospective cohort study[J]. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 2023(7): s283-s294.
[9] Xu L, Zhang S, Chen Y, et al.The relationship between labial soft tissue changes and jumping spaces after immediate implant placement and restoration in the anterior maxilla: a prospective study[J]. Biomol Biomed, 2023, 23(5): 848-865.
[10] Lee J, Yun J, Kim JJ, et al.Retrospective study of alveolar ridge preservation compared with no alveolar ridge preservation in periodontally compromised extraction sockets[J]. Int J Implant Dent, 2021, 7(1): 23-33.
[11] 刘志良, 李国荣, 张悦, 等.富血小板血浆联合珊瑚骨粉用于前牙美学区骨量不足种植修复的效果观察[J]. 中国口腔颌面外科杂志, 2025, 23(01):67-71.
[12] Huang Y, Zhang J, Lin T, et al.Factors affecting molar root and periodontal hard tissue changes after orthodontic anterior molar closure of missing tooth spaces retrospective explored based on cone-beam computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction[J]. PeerJ, 2025, 13: e18875.
[13] Zuiderveld EG, Meijer HJA, Gareb B, et al.Single immediate implant placement in the maxillary aesthetic zone with and without connective tissue grafting: results of a 5-year randomized controlled trial[J]. J Clin Periodontol, 2024, 51(4):487-498.
[14] Bornes R, Montero J, Correia A, et al.Peri-implant diseases diagnosis, prognosis and dental implant monitoring: a narrative review of novel strategies and clinical impact[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2023, 23(1):183.
[15] Wang Z, Wang J, Wu R, et al.Construction of functional surfaces for dental implants to enhance osseointegration[J]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol, 2023, 11: 1320307.
[16] Cheng Y, Ubuzima P, Liu W, et al.Association of upper lip length with craniofacial structures in adults: a cross-sectional study[J]. J Craniofac Surg, 2025, 36(6): 1911-1915.
[17] 沈荧怡, 李超伦, 吴轶群, 等. 无牙颌患者修复后的面部美学评估研究进展[J]. 中华老年口腔医学杂志, 2022, 20(5): 313-320.
[18] Ikbal M, Shen YW, Ruslin M, et al.Evaluation of sagittal root position and labial alveolar bone concavity in the maxillary anterior tooth area for immediate implant placement[J]. J Chin Med Assoc, 2023, 86(6): 565-570.
[19] Elaskary A, Abdelrahman H, Elsabagh HH, et al.Does grafting the jumping gap in immediately placed anterior implants using vestibular socket therapy influence the labial bone thickness?[J]. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2022, 80(8): 1398-1407.
[20] 袁珊珊, 高姗, 李国情, 等. 上颌全牙列种植固定修复前后上唇轮廓美学变化的锥形束CT分析[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2024, 59(6): 559-564.
[21] 张筠, 陶星如, 王凤, 等. 上颌牙列缺失患者种植支持固定修复前后唇部美学区软组织的变化[J]. 上海口腔医学, 2024, 33(4): 381-386.
[22] Kim HJ, Noh HK, Park HS.Recovery bone formation on radiographic palatal bone dehiscences after incisor retraction with microimplants[J]. Angle Orthod, 2024, 94(2): 168-179.
[23] Wang L, Ruan Y, Chen J,et al.Assessment of the relationship between labial gingival thickness and the underlying bone thickness in maxillary anterior teeth by two digital techniques[J]. Sci Rep, 2022, 12(1): 709-719.