Expert consensus on embolization and sclerotherapy with fibrin glue combined with pingyangmycin for oral and maxillofacial vascular malformations

doi:10.19439/j.sjos.2026.03.001

Shanghai Journal of Stomatology ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 225-232.doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2026.03.001

• Expert Consensus • Previous Articles Next Articles

Expert consensus on embolization and sclerotherapy with fibrin glue combined with pingyangmycin for oral and maxillofacial vascular malformations

Yang Yaowu¹, Zheng Jiawei², Fan Xindong³, Liu Shaohua⁴, Qin Zhongping⁵, Sun Moyi¹, Chen Weiliang⁶, Guo Xinkui⁷, Wei Jianhua¹, Cai Zhigang⁸, Ji Tong⁹, Li Chunjie¹⁰, Guo Wei², Gong Zhongcheng¹¹, Hou Jinsong¹², Su Lixin³, Wang Deming³, Wang Yan'an², Ren Guoxin², Chen Anwei⁴, Li Kelei⁵, Na Sijia¹³, Cai Yu¹⁴, Liu Fayu¹⁵, Mai Huaming¹⁶, Wu Haiwei¹⁷, Yan Zhiwei¹, Yang Xia¹, Hou Na¹

1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School of Stomatology, The Air Force Military Medical University;State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology. Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province;
2. Department of Oromaxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, 3. Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai 200011;
4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University. Jinan 250012, Shandong Province;
5. Special Department of Vascular Anomalies, Linyi Tumor Hospital. Linyi 276000, Shandong Province;
6. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University. Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province;
7. Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province;
8. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. Beijing 100081;
9. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Shanghai 200030;
10. Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University. Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province;
11. Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, School/Hospital of Stomatology Xinjiang Medical University. Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region;
12. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University. Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong Province;
13. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University. Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province;
14. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University. Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province;
15. Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University. Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province;
16. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, College &hospital of Guilin Medical university. Guilin 541001, Guangxi Province;
17. Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University. Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China

Received:2025-11-20 Revised:2025-12-12 Published:2026-07-02

Abstract

Abstract: Venous malformations(VMs) are common vascular anomalies in the oral and maxillofacial region, which can cause facial deformities, craniomaxillofacial dysfunction and psychosocial stress in patients. Currently, the treatment of extensive, high-reflux venous malformations and high-flow arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) remains challenging. Fibrin glue combined with pingyangmycin or bleomycin embolosclerotherapy technology treats vascular malformations via the mechanism of immediate embolization, sustained drug release and synergistic fibrosis. Existing real-world research data have demonstrated its potential advantages in managing extensive, quick drainage venous malformations and certain arteriovenous malformations, indicating promising application prospects. The application of this technique has a history of over two decades; however, its promotion has been constrained due to the lack of standardized and guided application protocols. This consensus document elaborated on the background, basic research, and clinical studies related to fibrin glue combined with pingyangmycin embolosclerotherapy, and discusses its mechanism of action in eliminating vascular malformations. By integrating the latest research findings and clinical experiences in the field, as well as incorporating discussions and opinions from experts across multiple medical institutions in China, this consensus provides guidance on clinical applications including indications and contraindications, pre-treatment preparations, procedural standards, prevention and management of potential complications, and comprehensive implementation, so as to serve as a reference for clinical practice.

Key words: Fibrin glue, Pingyangmycin, Vascular malformations, Embolization, Sclerotherapy, Expert consensus

CLC Number:

R782.2

Yang Yaowu, Zheng Jiawei, Fan Xindong, Liu Shaohua, Qin Zhongping, Sun Moyi, Chen Weiliang, Guo Xinkui, Wei Jianhua, Cai Zhigang, Ji Tong, Li Chunjie, Guo Wei, Gong Zhongcheng, Hou Jinsong, Su Lixin, Wang Deming, Wang Yan'an, Ren Guoxin, Chen Anwei, Li Kelei, Na Sijia, Cai Yu, Liu Fayu, Mai Huaming, Wu Haiwei, Yan Zhiwei, Yang Xia, Hou Na. Expert consensus on embolization and sclerotherapy with fibrin glue combined with pingyangmycin for oral and maxillofacial vascular malformations[J]. Shanghai Journal of Stomatology, 2026, 35(3): 225-232.

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Expert consensus on embolization and sclerotherapy with fibrin glue combined with pingyangmycin for oral and maxillofacial vascular malformations

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